Deck 8: Photosynthesis

Question 1

Which statement about producers and/or consumers is true?

A) Consumers not only feed themselves but also feed producers.
B) All animals must be either producers or consumers.
C) Producers produce more food than they use.
D) Consumers are not dependent upon other organisms for food.
E) Only one species of producer and consumer can exist in any single community.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What are the two sets of reactions for photosynthesis?

A) light reactions, Calvin cycle
B) glycolysis, citric acid cycle
C) light reactions, glycolysis
D) Calvin cycle, citric acid cycle
E) electron transport chain, light reactions

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In the process of photosynthesis, the light reactions follow the Calvin cycle reactions.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The main function of stomata is to

A) expose the chlorophyll to sunlight.
B) transport water to the chlorophyll.
C) allow passage of CO₂ and O₂ into the leaf.
D) store glucose.
E) store pyruvate and provide the site of the Calvin cycle.

Question 5

Which molecule would you need to radioactively label in order to produce radioactive oxygen during photosynthesis?

A) carbon dioxide
B) water
C) cytochrome
D) glucose
E) G3P

Question 6

The heavy oxygen isotope (¹⁸O) could be provided to plants either in the CO₂ or in H₂O or in both. Today, we know from experimental results that O₂ released from chloroplasts comes from H₂O and not from CO₂. Which of the following experimental results would show conclusively that O₂ is released from H₂O and not CO₂?

A) When heavy oxygen is part of water given to the plant, the plant produces heavy O₂.
B) When heavy oxygen is part of both water and CO₂ given to the plant, the plant produces heavy O₂.
C) When no heavy oxygen is part of water given to the plant, the plant produces no heavy O₂.
D) When no heavy oxygen is part of CO₂ given to the plant, the plant produces no heavy O₂.
E) When heavy oxygen is part of CO₂ given to the plant, the plant produces heavy O₂.

Question 7

In which plant structure does photosynthesis primarily occur?

A) root
B) stem
C) leaf
D) petiole
E) bark

Question 8

What does the term stroma refer to?

A) the cytochrome system in the membranes of the thylakoids
B) a stack of thylakoid membrane structures
C) the double membrane of the chloroplast
D) a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast
E) the central fluid-filled space of the chloroplast

Question 9

At the cellular level, photosynthesis occurs within

A) the chloroplast.
B) the cristae of the mitochondria.
C) both chloroplasts and mitochondria.
D) all plant cell organelles.
E) the nucleus of plants but not of animals.

Question 10

The flattened sacs within the stroma of a chloroplast, which are connected to form a single inner compartment, are called

A) stomata.
B) thylakoids.
C) mesophyll.
D) carotenoids.
E) CAM units.

Question 11

How many membranes does a chloroplast have?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 12

Which of the following is a substance that initially traps solar energy in photosynthesis?

A) chlorophyll
B) RuBP
C) water
D) glucose
E) pyruvate

Question 13

Heterotrophs

A) have the ability to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules.
B) are ultimately dependent upon preformed organic molecules made by producers.
C) are the origin of all food for the rest of the living world.
D) are also called autotrophs.
E) None of the answer choices are characteristic of heterotrophs.

Question 14

The red maple tree cannot photosynthesize because it is not green.

Question 15

To what does the term grana refer?

A) the cytochrome system in the membranes of the thylakoids
B) a stack of thylakoid membranes
C) the double membrane of the chloroplast
D) a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast
E) the central fluid-filled space of the chloroplast

Question 16

At the base of most food chains are autotrophs.

Question 17

Which of the following is an autotroph?

A) yeast
B) turtle
C) fish
D) algae
E) hawk

Question 18

The raw materials or reactants of photosynthesis include

A) glucose and oxygen.
B) carbon dioxide and glucose.
C) carbon dioxide and water.
D) carbon dioxide and oxygen.
E) glucose and water.

Question 19

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A) water and carbon dioxide
B) water and oxygen
C) carbohydrate and water
D) oxygen and carbohydrate
E) carbon dioxide and carbohydrate

Question 20

Which of the following allows photosynthetic organisms to capture solar energy?

A) pigments
B) nucleus
C) chloroplasts
D) glucose
E) NAD⁺

Question 21

Which of these is most closely associated with the process of electron transport?

A) a sequence of molecules in the membranes of the thylakoids
B) a stack of thylakoid membrane structures
C) the double membrane of the chloroplast
D) a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast
E) the central fluid-filled space of the chloroplast

Question 22

Photosystem I comes before photosystem II in the noncyclic electron pathway.

Question 23

The cyclic electron pathway produces only

A) NADPH.
B) ATP.
C) NAD⁺.
D) oxygen.
E) carbon dioxide.

Question 24

What are the products of the noncyclic electron pathway?

A) H⁺, O₂, ATP, and NADPH
B) H⁺ and O₂
C) H⁺, ATP, and NADPH
D) ATP and NADPH
E) O₂ and ATP

Question 25

Which part of photosynthesis occurs in the stroma?

A) noncyclic electron pathway
B) cyclic electron pathway
C) electron transport chain
D) light reactions
E) Calvin cycle reactions

Question 26

ATP synthase is an enzyme complex located in the thylakoid membranes.

Question 27

Which coenzyme is involved in the light reactions?

A) NAD⁺
B) FAD
C) NADP⁺
D) both NAD⁺ and FAD
E) both FAD and NADP⁺

Question 28

The reason that deciduous leaves turn bright colors in the fall is

A) chlorophyll is converted into bright carotenoid pigments.
B) when chlorophyll breaks down, the remaining pigments become visible.
C) it is a chemical reaction involving the formation of ice crystals.
D) bright pigments are shifted from the roots and stem to the leaves while sugars and chlorophyll are pumped down to the roots.
E) a shift in the reflectance values of light is caused by the sun being lower in the sky; all leaf pigments actually remain the same.

Question 29

The first step of the cyclic electron pathway involves the removal of the electrons from water.

Question 30

Photosynthesis shows higher activity for violet/blue and orange/red and a lower absorption for green/yellow. If we could create a different photosynthetic pigment that absorbed absolutely all visible wavelengths of light, the leaves would appear which color?

A) white
B) black
C) red
D) green
E) orange

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true concerning sunlight radiation used for photosynthesis?

A) All of the sunlight that hits the atmosphere is used for photosynthesis.
B) Only the highest energy wavelengths are used for photosynthesis.
C) All of the visible light is used for photosynthesis.
D) Only the red, blue, and violet wavelengths of visible light are used for photosynthesis.
E) Only the green visible light is used for photosynthesis.

Question 32

What pathway moves the electrons from water through PS II to PS I and then on to NADP⁺?

A) noncyclic electron pathway
B) cyclic electron pathway
C) CO₂ fixation stage of Calvin cycle reactions
D) citric acid cycle
E) CO₂ reduction phase of Calvin cycle reactions

Question 33

Water is split and oxygen is released in

A) the electron transport chain.
B) the cyclic electron pathway.
C) the Calvin cycle reactions.
D) the noncyclic electron pathway.
E) photosystem I.

Question 34

The "antenna" system of a plant that gathers the solar energy consists of the

A) grana.
B) epidermal cells of the leaf.
C) pigment complex.
D) ATP synthase complex.
E) hydrogen ions (H⁺).

Question 35

Visible light has more energy than radio waves.

Question 36

We set up an experiment where the same species of plant is grown in boxes covered with plastic that only allows a single color of light through. In which box would we expect the least plant growth and even perhaps the death of the plant to occur?

A) white
B) blue
C) red
D) green
E) indigo

Question 37

Which two organelles are most directly involved in the flow of energy from the sun through all living things?

A) Golgi apparatus and mitochondria
B) lysosomes and chloroplasts
C) chloroplasts and mitochondria
D) mitochondria and ribosomes
E) ribosomes and Golgi apparatus

Question 38

Why are plant leaves green?

A) They absorb only green wavelengths of light.
B) They absorb only yellow and blue wavelengths of light.
C) They reflect nearly all wavelengths of light.
D) They reflect green wavelengths of light.
E) They reflect yellow and blue wavelengths of light.

Question 39

There is an inverse relationship between wavelength of light and amount of energy.

Question 40

Which of the following will recycle electrons back to photosystem I?

A) noncyclic electron pathway
B) cyclic electron pathway
C) CO₂ fixation stage of Calvin cycle reactions
D) citric acid cycle
E) CO₂ reduction phase of Calvin cycle reactions

Question 41

The hydrocarbon skeleton used to form fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acids (when N is added) is derived from

A) starch.
B) sucrose.
C) cellulose.
D) G3P.
E) glucose phosphate.

Question 42

The end product of the Calvin cycle is

A) PS I.
B) RuBP carboxylase.
C) 3PG.
D) G3P.
E) RuBP.

Question 43

Biologists are fairly certain that oxygen was built up in the atmosphere by the development of photosynthesis. The production of oxygen and, therefore, the beginning of extensive aerobic life was made possible by the evolution of

A) fermentation.
B) photosystem I.
C) photosystem II.
D) glycolysis.
E) the nucleus.

Question 44

The Calvin cycle reactions are dependent upon a supply of

A) water and carbon dioxide.
B) carbon dioxide and NADPH.
C) carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP.
D) oxygen and carbon dioxide.
E) glucose and carbon dioxide.

Question 45

In the Calvin cycle, the three-carbon molecule that will be immediately formed after carbon dioxide fixation occurs is

A) PS I.
B) glucose.
C) 3PG.
D) G3P.
E) RuBP.

Question 46

Which of the following is a CAM plant?

A) rice
B) cactus
C) corn
D) wheat
E) sugarcane

Question 47

Most major food plants such as wheat, oats, and rice are

A) nonphotosynthetic plants.
B) C₃ plants.
C) C₄ plants.
D) C₅ plants.
E) CAM plants.

Question 48

How much of the protein content in chloroplasts is made up of the enzyme RuBP carboxylase? Why?

A) less than 1%; the enzyme is very fast
B) less than 1%; the enzyme also catalyzes several side reactions
C) 20-50%; the enzyme also catalyzes several side reactions
D) 20-50%; the enzyme is very slow
E) almost 100%; the enzyme is very slow

Question 49

During photosynthesis, CO₂ is reduced. This means that

A) the molecule gains electrons.
B) CO₂ is broken down into two smaller molecules.
C) the molecule loses electrons.
D) the molecule loses protons.
E) CO₂ is released into the environment.

Question 50

Which of the following would be a reasonable explanation of why the chloroplast would use the cyclic electron pathway as well as the noncyclic electron pathway?

A) The noncyclic electron pathway does not provide enough NADPH for the cell.
B) The noncyclic electron pathway does not provide enough oxygen for the cell.
C) The Calvin cycle utilizes more NADPH than ATP and the cyclic electron pathway produces NADPH.
D) The Calvin cycle utilizes more ATP than NADPH and the cyclic electron pathway produces ATP.
E) The cyclic electron pathway only runs when oxygen is limiting.

Question 51

Plants need other molecules besides glucose. Where do these molecules, such as cellulose and fructose, come from?

A) Glucose must always be produced first; glucose can then be used as the monomer to form everything else.
B) G3P is directly converted to many other organic molecules besides glucose.
C) Plants absorb those molecules from the environment through their roots.
D) Any molecule beyond glucose must be converted from plant tissues already present.
E) Alternative forms of photosynthesis beyond those described must be producing those molecules.

Question 52

NADPH and ATP are used in the

A) noncyclic electron pathway.
B) cyclic electron pathway.
C) Calvin cycle reactions.
D) citric acid cycle.
E) light reactions.

Question 53

What are the stages of the Calvin cycle?

A) carbon dioxide fixation and reduction
B) carbon dioxide fixation and regeneration of RuBP
C) the noncyclic electron pathway and the cyclic electron pathway
D) the light reactions, regeneration of RuBP, and cyclic electron pathway
E) carbon dioxide fixation, carbon dioxide reduction, and regeneration of RuBP

Question 54

The reservoir for H⁺ during photosynthesis is the

A) stroma.
B) thylakoid membrane.
C) thylakoid space.
D) cytoplasm.
E) matrix.

Question 55

What is the function of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) during photosynthesis?

A) It produces the CO₂ needed for photosynthesis.
B) It combines with CO₂ to produce a 6-carbon compound.
C) It combines with ATP to form G3P.
D) It splits water to release oxygen.
E) It splits carbon dioxide to release oxygen.

Question 56

How many total carbons are involved in carbon dioxide fixation when there are 3 molecules of carbon dioxide and 3 molecules of RuBP?

A) 6
B) 12
C) 18
D) 24
E) 30

Question 57

Some herbicides inhibit the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane. Without the movement of electrons, hydrogen ions would not be pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid space and the hydrogen ion gradient would not be established. How would this affect the Calvin cycle reactions?

A) ATP would not be produced and, as a result, the Calvin cycle reactions would not occur.
B) CO₂ would not enter the cell as a result, and the Calvin cycle reactions would not occur.
C) RuBP carboxylase would not function properly, so CO₂ fixation would not occur.
D) Sunlight could no longer be used by the chloroplast, but this would have no effect on the Calvin cycle reactions because they do not require light.
E) Since the Calvin cycle reactions occur in a different part of the chloroplast, there would be no effect.

Question 58

The formation of carbohydrate molecules occurs within the

A) stroma.
B) outer chloroplast membrane.
C) inner chloroplast membrane.
D) thylakoid membranes.
E) thylakoid space.

Question 59

The ATP synthase complex in cellular respiration and photosynthesis

A) both produce ATP.
B) both work via chemiosmosis.
C) both require a H⁺ gradient.
D) both are located in a membrane.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 60

The H⁺ (protons) accumulate in the thylakoid space during electron transport between photosystems I and II. The excess of protons in the thylakoid space

A) enters the photorespiration pathway.
B) raises the pH of the space until the processes stop.
C) is small enough to diffuse back out through the lipid bilayer.
D) converts NADP⁺ to NADPH and generates ATP in the process.
E) moves from the thylakoid space to the stroma through the ATP synthase complex.

Question 61

Over time, what would we expect in the evolution of C₃, C₄, and CAM strategies?

A) As the most complicated plants, CAM plants are most likely to go extinct.
B) As the probable ancestral form of photosynthesis, C₃ plants are primitive and most likely to go extinct.
C) Because CAM plants make better usage of metabolism during the night, they are superior and will eventually become the dominant plants.
D) Because CO₂ is delivered by the bundle sheath cells in C₄ plants, they are superior and will eventually dominate.
E) Each form of photosynthesis has advantages in a heterogeneous world and, as long as environmental conditions vary, all forms will have an adaptive advantage in their unique niche.

Question 62

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration utilize the same chemical pathways but in reverse of each other.

Question 63

Which of the following statements is true?

A) During cellular respiration, ATP energy is converted into carbohydrate.
B) During cellular respiration, mitochondria release oxygen.
C) During photosynthesis, energy from the sun is used to form lipids and proteins.
D) During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is used.
E) During photosynthesis, NADH and FADH₂ are the electron carriers.

Question 64

Which of the following is one of the values of photosynthesis to humans?

A) It results in the production of fatty acids and oxygen.
B) It results in the production of proteins and oxygen.
C) It converts carbohydrates into usable forms of energy for humans.
D) It reduces the amount of methane in the atmosphere.
E) It reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Question 65

Which of the following organism(s) has/have a dependence on photosynthesis for their energy?

A) white-tailed deer
B) wolves
C) squirrels
D) raccoons
E) All of the answer choices will have a dependency on photosynthesis.

Question 66

Only organisms with chloroplasts are capable of photosynthesis.

Question 67

Which of the following is a substrate in the photosynthesis equation?

A) CO₂
B) O₂
C) C₆H₁₂O₆
D) H₂

Question 68

Which pathway is the foundation for the majority of ecosystems and food chains on Earth?

A) photosynthesis
B) anaerobic respiration
C) aerobic respiration
D) chemosynthesis
E) decomposition

Question 69

Explain why chlorophyll appears green to our eyes.

Question 70

Explain how CAM plants are adapted to a desert type of environment.

Question 71

Which photosynthetic mode would be most favorable in a desert environment?

A) CAM
B) C₃
C) C₄
D) both CAM and C₃
E) CAM, C₃, and C₄

Question 72

CAM plants

A) do not perform any part of photosynthesis during the day.
B) fix CO₂ in mesophyll cells during the day.
C) include economically important food crops like corn and sugarcane.
D) open their stomata at night to minimize water loss.
E) typically grow very quickly because they are found in hot, moist environments.

Question 73

Which statement is accurate about how C₄ plants are able to survive hot, dry spells during the growing season?

A) When the stomata close during heat stress, RuBP carboxylase is not exposed to the increase in oxygen concentration experienced in the leaf. This allows the plant to avoid photorespiration.
B) When the stomata close during heat stress, RuBP carboxylase is exposed to the increase in carbon dioxide concentration experienced in the leaf. This allows the plant to avoid photorespiration.
C) When the stomata open during heat stress, RuBP carboxylase is not exposed to the increase in oxygen concentration experienced in the leaf. This allows the plant to avoid photorespiration.
D) When the stomata close during heat stress, RuBP carboxylase is exposed to the increase in oxygen concentration experienced in the leaf. This allows the plant to undergo photorespiration.
E) When the stomata open during heat stress, RuBP carboxylase is not exposed to the increase in oxygen concentration experienced in the leaf. This allows the plant to undergo photorespiration.

Question 74

In what ways are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?

A) Both will use the electron carrier NADH.
B) Both require ATP.
C) Both require a membrane.
D) Both require a cyclical enzymatic pathway.
E) Both require an electron transport chain.

Question 75

Write the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Question 76

Which of the following statement is true about C₃ and C₄ plants?

A) C₃ plants are more successful in hot climates than C₄ plants.
B) C₃ plants have chloroplasts in the both the bundle sheath cells and the mesophyll cells.
C) In C₃ plants, O₂ competes with CO₂ for the active site of RuBP carboxylase.
D) C₃ plants deliver CO₂ to the Calvin cycle using bundle sheath cells sheltered from leaf air spaces.
E) In C₄ cells, CO₂ is fixed at night to decrease water loss.

Question 77

Which statement about photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?

A) Photosynthesis produces water, while cellular respiration uses water.
B) Photosynthesis produces oxygen, while cellular respiration uses oxygen.
C) Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, while cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts.
D) Photosynthesis breaks down carbohydrates, while cellular respiration produces carbohydrates.
E) Photosynthesis requires oxygen, while cellular respiration requires sunlight.

Question 78

At night, plants cannot run metabolic pathways because there is no sunlight.

Question 79

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

A) Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in plant cells.
B) Both processes produce ATP by chemiosmosis.
C) Both processes use an electron transport chain located in membranes of organelles.
D) One or more electron carriers are used in both processes.
E) All of the answers are characteristics shared by photosynthesis and cellular respiration.