Deck 7: Cellular Respiration

Question 1

What is the correct order of phases in cellular respiration?

A) citric acid cycle, prep reaction, glycolysis, electron transport chain
B) electron transport chain, glycolysis, prep reaction, citric acid cycle
C) prep reaction, glycolysis, electron transport chain, citric acid cycle
D) glycolysis, prep reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain
E) glycolysis, citric acid cycle, prep reaction, electron transport chain

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following pathways produces of the majority of ATP?

A) glycolysis
B) citric acid cycle
C) Calvin cycle
D) electron transport chain
E) preparatory reaction (prep)

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which molecule(s) is/are the product(s) of anaerobic respiration?

A) glucose and carbon dioxide
B) lactate and oxygen
C) carbon dioxide
D) pyruvate
E) pyruvate and oxygen

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The equation C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 38 ATP + 6CO₂ + 6H₂O represents which cellular process?

A) glycolysis
B) electron transport system
C) citric acid cycle
D) photosynthesis
E) cellular respiration

Question 5

Cellular respiration involves the

A) synthesis of glucose.
B) release of energy.
C) capture of solar energy.
D) release of O₂.
E) intake of carbon dioxide.

Question 6

Which molecules are the products of aerobic respiration?

A) pyruvate and carbon dioxide
B) pyruvate and water
C) pyruvate and oxygen
D) lactate and carbon dioxide
E) carbon dioxide and water

Question 7

Which of the following is a substrate of cellular respiration?

A) carbon dioxide
B) water
C) glucose
D) ATP
E) energy

Question 8

If the carbons from glucose were radioactively labeled, which molecule(s) will ultimately end up with the label?

A) pyruvate
B) citric acid
C) carbon dioxide
D) NAD⁺
E) pyruvate and carbon dioxide

Question 9

Where does glycolysis take place within the cell?

A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) nucleus
C) mitochondrial matrix
D) mitochondrial membrane
E) cytoplasm

Question 10

Glycolysis is likely to have evolved before the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain because

A) it has an older fossil record.
B) it is found in all living organisms.
C) it occurs inside the mitochondria.
D) the process is found in all primitive bacteria but lacking in many advanced organisms.
E) it produces more ATP than do the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain.

Question 11

How efficient is the breakdown of one glucose molecule via cellular respiration?

A) 100%
B) 58%
C) 39%
D) 20%
E) less than 10%

Question 12

NADH and FADH₂ bring electrons to the electron transport chain during cellular respiration.

Question 13

The most efficient method to produce ATP in animal cells is by glycolysis.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true?

A) Glycolysis results in the release of carbon dioxide.
B) Glycolysis is a cyclical reaction.
C) Glycolysis is a reduction reaction where only glucose is reduced.
D) Glycolysis occurs twice per glucose molecule.
E) Glycolysis breaks glucose down to two pyruvate molecules.

Question 15

Which of the following describes the role of NAD⁺ in cellular respiration?

A) It accepts two electrons plus a hydrogen ion.
B) It is a product of the citric acid cycle.
C) It is a product of glycolysis.
D) It is oxidized.
E) It provides the energy for the reaction.

Question 16

Cellular respiration is organized into four phases so that

A) the energy within the glucose molecule can be released in a stepwise fashion.
B) it can take place within different cells.
C) most of the energy can be released as body heat.
D) oxidation can occur without reduction.
E) the body can make energy from different substrates.

Question 17

What role does NAD⁺ play in cellular respiration?

A) It is an electron carrier.
B) It produces the ATP.
C) It is an enzyme.
D) It provides the oxygen.
E) It provides the energy.

Question 18

Why is ATP used as the energy molecule of the cell?

A) ATP is easy to synthesize within the cell.
B) ATP contains large amounts of energy so at least some of it can be used by the cell.
C) ATP contains just about the amount of energy required for most cellular reactions.
D) ATP is stored inside the cell where it is readily available whenever needed.
E) ATP can be broken down into carbon dioxide and water.

Question 19

Glycolysis is linked to the citric acid cycle when oxygen is not available.

Question 20

Which of the following reactions is part of the cellular respiration pathway?

A) glycolysis
B) citric acid cycle
C) electron transport chain
D) preparatory reaction (prep)
E) All of the answer choices are part of the cellular respiration pathway.

Question 21

The final product of glycolysis is carbon dioxide.

Question 22

How many molecules are formed from the cleavage of glucose during the first step of glycolysis? How many carbons are found in the resulting molecules?

A) 6 molecules, each with 2 carbons
B) 4 molecules, each with 3 carbons
C) 3 molecules, each with 4 carbons
D) 2 molecules, each with 3 carbons
E) 3 molecules, each with 2 carbons

Question 23

Why are two ATP needed to begin glycolysis?

A) to activate the glucose
B) to donate electrons to NAD⁺
C) to compensate for the lack of oxygen
D) to accept electrons from glucose
E) to move the reaction into the mitochondria

Question 24

There is a net gain of four ATPs as a result of glycolysis.

Question 25

The molecule that is found at the beginning and end of the citric acid cycle is

A) a C₄ molecule.
B) pyruvate.
C) lactate.
D) glucose.
E) RuBP.

Question 26

Which is a correct association of mitochondrion structure and phase of cellular respiration?

A) matrix - electron transport chain
B) cristae - preparatory reaction
C) matrix - citric acid cycle
D) matrix - glycolysis
E) cristae - glycolysis

Question 27

An acetyl group contains how many carbons?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) six

Question 28

Where does the preparatory reaction take place within the cell?

A) mitochondrial matrix
B) mitochondrial cristae
C) nucleus
D) cytoplasm
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 29

Pyruvate is converted to a two-carbon acetyl group attached to coenzyme A (CoA), and CO₂ is given off. This phase is called

A) substrate-level ATP synthesis.
B) the preparatory reaction.
C) the electron transport chain.
D) the citric acid cycle.
E) fermentation.

Question 30

Each turn of of the citric acid cycle directly produces how many ATP?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 12
D) 14
E) 16

Question 31

Pyruvate contains less chemical energy than glucose.

Question 32

Which pathway in cellular respiration will produce ATP, NADH₂, and carbon dioxide?

A) glycolysis
B) preparatory reaction
C) citric acid cycle
D) electron transport chain
E) photosynthesis

Question 33

Which is a correct statement about the preparatory reaction?

A) It connects glycolysis directly to the electron transport chain.
B) O₂ is given off.
C) Pyruvate is converted to lactate.
D) NAD⁺ goes to NADH + H⁺ as acetyl-CoA forms.
E) The reaction occurs once per glucose molecule.

Question 34

You have discovered an organism that lives inside the gastrointestinal tract and does not contain a nucleus. Based on what you know of cellular respiration, how does it obtain its energy?

A) photosynthesis
B) glycolysis
C) glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
D) photosynthesis and the citric acid cycle
E) glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain

Question 35

Which stage(s) will produce carbon dioxide in cellular respiration?

A) glycolysis
B) preparatory reaction
C) citric acid cycle
D) both glycolysis and the electron transport chain
E) both the preparatory reaction and the citric acid cycle

Question 36

Which of the following best defines substrate-level ATP synthesis?

A) An enzyme passes a high-energy phosphate to ADP, resulting in ATP.
B) ATP is used to activate glucose for glycolysis.
C) An exergonic reaction is used to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP plus phosphate.
D) Oxidation of a substrate results in a high-energy bond.
E) ATP is synthesized from adenosine plus three phosphates.

Question 37

How many NADH + H⁺ are produced by the citric acid cycle per turn?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) six

Question 38

For the complete respiration of one molecule of glucose, the citric acid cycle must turn a total of

A) one time.
B) two times.
C) three times.
D) four times.
E) six times.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The end product of glycolysis is acetyl CoA.
B) The citric acid cycle begins and ends with pyruvate.
C) NADH₂ will eventually produce three ATP molecules.
D) The aerobic respiration of glucose has one phase.
E) Aerobic respiration uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

Question 40

The final products of glycolysis are

A) 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH + H⁺.
B) 1 pyruvate and 2 ATP.
C) 1 pyruvate and 2 NADH + H⁺.
D) 2 ATP and 2 NADH + H⁺.
E) 2 pyruvate.

Question 41

Muscles undergo fermentation when no

A) oxygen is available.
B) water is available.
C) carbon dioxide is available.
D) ATP is available.
E) pyruvate is available.

Question 42

Pyruvate can be converted to lactate instead of going to the preparatory reaction. Why does this occur?

A) The cells need lactate to produce ATP.
B) There is no sunlight.
C) The cells doing the reaction are prokaryotes.
D) Oxygen is not available.
E) There is a shortage of glucose.

Question 43

Which of the following statement(s) about fermentation is/are true?

A) Fermentation can produce alcohol.
B) Fermentation does not require oxygen.
C) Fermentation can produce lactic acid.
D) Fermentation produces a net of two ATP molecules.
E) All the answer choices are true statements about fermentation.

Question 44

The largest number of ATP molecules is produced in which phase of cellular respiration?

A) glycolysis
B) preparation reaction
C) citric acid cycle
D) electron transport chain
E) Calvin cycle

Question 45

Why does chemiosmosis require a membrane?

A) to anchor proteins within the mitochondria
B) because the phospholipids are involved in the electron transport chain
C) to separate two compartments of the cell to allow for gradient formation
D) to generate H⁺ from water
E) to provide a large surface area

Question 46

Which of the following would increase the electron transport system's production of ATP?

A) limiting the amount of oxygen available
B) decreasing use of ATP and thus reducing available ADP
C) reducing synthesis of NAD⁺ and FAD
D) adding an NADH reductase inhibitor
E) adding additional hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria

Question 47

The final acceptor for electrons in aerobic cellular respiration is

A) oxygen.
B) pyruvate.
C) CoA.
D) glucose.
E) carbon dioxide.

Question 48

The citric acid cycle turns once for each original glucose molecule.

Question 49

What phase(s) of cellular respiration produce(s) NADH + H⁺?

A) glycolysis
B) preparatory reaction
C) citric acid cycle
D) glycolysis and preparatory reaction
E) glycolysis, preparatory reaction, and citric acid cycle

Question 50

Some desert organisms can live out their life without ever drinking liquid water. What phase(s) of cellular respiration could provide the organism with water?

A) glycolysis
B) citric acid cycle
C) electron transport chain
D) glycolysis and electron transport chain
E) citric acid cycle and electron transport chain

Question 51

Why is fermentation important in animals?

A) It is the best reaction we can utilize to produce ATP.
B) It produces lactate, which is essential for animals.
C) It produces carbon dioxide, which is necessary for our cells.
D) It generates the NAD⁺ we need for metabolism.
E) It helps to recycle NAD⁺ molecules and allows glycolysis to proceed with ATP production.

Question 52

All of the ATP molecules formed by the complete oxidation of glucose result from the electron transfer chain.

Question 53

The energy difference between the reactant glucose and oxygen molecules and the product water and carbon dioxide is 686 kilocalories, yet the 36 ATP molecules produced are only storing 263 kilocalories in their outermost phosphate bond. The rest of the energy

A) was added to the ADP fragment of the ATP molecule.
B) provided the energy for life.
C) powered the electron transport chain.
D) was lost as heat.
E) went nowhere, but was destroyed.

Question 54

If we developed a molecule that blocked the ATP channel protein, what would be the first immediate effect?

A) accumulation of ATP in the mitochondrial matrix
B) accumulation of NADH in the mitochondrial matrix
C) no energy to pump hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space of a mitochondrion
D) reversal of the hydrogen ion gradient
E) immediate blockage of the cytochrome molecules

Question 55

The carriers of the electron transport chain are located

A) in the matrix of the mitochondria.
B) on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
C) on the cristae of the mitochondria.
D) within the intermembrane space.
E) within the cytoplasm of the cell.

Question 56

The ATP synthase complex is located in the

A) cytoplasm outside the mitochondria.
B) matrix inside the mitochondria.
C) cristae of the mitochondria.
D) outer membrane of the mitochondria.
E) plasma membrane of the cell.

Question 57

Why do organisms without oxygen need to convert pyruvate to lactate?

A) in order to regenerate NAD⁺
B) because lactate is needed to produce ATP
C) because pyruvate is toxic to the cells
D) in order to use lactate in the citric acid cycle
E) because the conversion provides much more ATP for the cell

Question 58

In cellular respiration, what is the relationship between the energy content of the reactants (glucose and O₂) and products (CO₂ and H₂O)?

A) The energy content of the reactants (glucose and O₂) must equal the energy content of the products (CO₂ and H₂O).
B) The energy content of the reactants (glucose and O₂) must be greater than the energy content of the products (CO₂ and H₂O).
C) The energy content of the reactants (glucose and O₂) must be less than the energy content of the products (CO₂ and H₂O).
D) There is no relationship between the energy content of the reactants (glucose and O₂) and the energy content of the products (CO₂ and H₂O).
E) There is no relationship between O₂ and H₂O, but the energy content of glucose is less than that of CO₂.

Question 59

Why does FADH₂ result in fewer ATP than NADH + H⁺?

A) FADH₂ only contains one electron.
B) FADH₂ only contains one hydrogen ion.
C) FADH₂ drops its electrons off lower on the electron transport chain.
D) FADH₂ drops its electrons off higher on the electron transport chain.
E) FADH₂ drops its electrons off to oxygen.

Question 60

The production of ATP as a result of an electrochemical gradient is called

A) glycolysis.
B) substrate-level phosphorylation.
C) chemiosmosis.
D) deamination.
E) oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 61

Which of the following results from the lactate accumulation in the muscles?

A) It triggers ongoing heavier breathing to provide further oxygen for the muscles.
B) Much of the lactate is transported to the liver, where it is converted to pyruvate.
C) Some lactate converted to pyruvate is converted back to glucose.
D) Some lactate converted to pyruvate is then completely broken down.
E) All of the answer choices are accurate statements about the accumulation of lactate in muscle cells.

Question 62

Fermentation follows glycolysis in some cells if oxygen is not available.

Question 63

Fermentation is inefficient in using the energy found in food molecules and the resulting alcohol can be toxic to the organism producing it. Which of the following is a reason why an organism would utilize fermentation?

A) Fermentation helps to recycle NAD+ molecules and allows glycolysis to proceed with ATP production.
B) The organism can survive short spells of anaerobic conditions and maintain growth and reproduction.
C) Fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP since it does not have to go through the full breakdown cycle.
D) For very small organisms, fermentation can be a simple process and is less complicated than cellular respiration.
E) All of the answer choices are reasons organisms would utilize fermentation.

Question 64

List, in order, the stages of aerobic cellular respiration and indicate where they occur in the cell.

Question 65

What are the input requirements of glycolysis?

A) 2 ATP, 2 NAD⁺, glucose, and 2 ADP
B) 4 ATP, 2 NAD⁺, glucose, and 4 ADP
C) 2 pyruvates, 2 NADH, and 2 ADP
D) 2 ATP, 4 NAD⁺, glucose, and 4 ADP

Question 66

The only end product of alcoholic fermentation is the alcohol.

Question 67

List the inputs and outputs of glycolysis.