Deck 17: The Economy and Work

Question

Who is the contemporary sociologist who attributes differences in the employment rate of whites and blacks to social class more than race?

A) James Gottfredson
B) G. William Domhoff
C) Lewis Coser
D) William J. Wilson

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Question

What is it called when a person's work becomes the dominant force in their life, shaping their attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job?

A) role distance
B) master status
C) occupational encapsulation
D) status inconsistency

Question

Which of the following nations serves as the best example of a mixed economy?

A) Russia
B) China
C) Sweden
D) Canada

Question

In capitalism, how is the relative value and cost of goods determined?

A) the cost to produce the product
B) the cost of labor
C) supply and demand
D) governmental regulations

Question

Jimmy Walker has seven luxury automobiles, one for every day of the week. He often boasts to his friends and co-workers when he drives his Porsche, Bentley, or Rolls Royce. How would a sociologist describe Jimmy's behavior?

A) Jimmy is engaged in conspicuous consumption.
B) Jimmy is a victim of environmental determinism.
C) Jimmy has been caught up in primary production.
D) Jimmy has employed tertiary economic recognition.

Question

The view that a strong economy contributes to the overall operation of society and its other interdependent institutions, such as family, education, and religion, is most aligned with which sociological perspective?

A) functionalist view
B) conflict view
C) interactionist view
D) feminist view

Question

What are the three key elements of capitalism?

A) government ownership, central production, communal distribution
B) private ownership, competition, profit
C) bureaucracy, efficiency, industrialization
D) management, labor, raw materials

Question

Because the United States provides health care for the poor, regulates to some degree what is produced and sold, and sets limits on the price of certain commodities, what is the best term to describe the economy?

A) laissez-faire capitalism
B) welfare capitalism
C) pure capitalism
D) democratic capitalism

Question

Approximately how much does the government lose each year in taxes due to the underground economy?

A) $200 billion
B) $100 billion
C) $500 million
D) Impossible to calculate exactly.

Question

What would a sociologist call a white-collar occupation that is prestigious, relatively high paying, and requires advanced formal education with specialized training?

A) elite role
B) master status
C) chief executive officer
D) profession

Question

What sociologist predicted an upswing in union power and membership because of Internet "cyber unions" ?

A) Michael Gottfredson
B) Arthur Shostak
C) William J. Wilson
D) C. Wright Mills

Question

Rance Bachman sits on the boards of four oil companies and two propane manufacturers. His friend, Kimmel Evans, sits on five of the same boards. Such a situation where the same directors sit on multiple boards and control the economic and political activity of the industry is called ________.

A) corporate interlock
B) conspicuous consumption
C) environmental determinism
D) industrial homogamy

Question

What was the major advertising medium in the United States between 1920 and 1950?

A) newspaper
B) radio
C) television
D) bill boards

Question

In Southwestern Pennsylvania in the 1950s coal was king. Mining companies actually built and ran their own communities for their employees. In this sense, mining was an example of which form of economic production?

A) the natural economy
B) the plant community
C) primary production
D) secondary production

Question

How do conflict theorists view capitalism?

A) It is the sigh of the oppressed....the opiate of the people.
B) It is the iron cage that will confine us all.
C) It is the future of mankind, the synthesis of socialism.
D) It is driven by power, greed, and unfair competition.

Question

Currently, what nation serves as the best example of a socialist economy?

A) Japan
B) Sweden
C) India
D) China

Question

In Pittsburgh, PA, the major steel companies made massive amounts and varieties of steel and other metal products. How would a sociologist describe this type of economic activity?

A) primary production
B) distribution
C) consumption
D) secondary production

Question

What is the process by which goods and services are brought into existence?

A) consumption
B) production
C) distribution
D) materialism

Question

What term do sociologists use to describe the belief that social class is of paramount importance in shaping people's values, behaviors, and life chances?

A) economic determinism
B) environmental design
C) primary production
D) conspicuous consumption

Question

What is the systematic production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services in society?

A) the government
B) the economy
C) compurgation
D) capitalism

Question

The process by which goods and services are brought into existence is called distribution.

Question

What sociological perspective views work as a socialization process of steady and incremental changes in attitude and behavior to acquire the knowledge, skills, and expertise of the chosen profession?

A) functionalist view
B) conflict view
C) interactionist view
D) feminist view

Question

What is the manifest function of advertising?

A) providing "breaks" from radio and television programs
B) providing exposure for celebrity sponsors
C) educating the public to be well-educated consumers
D) stimulating the sale of goods and services

Question

In democratic socialism large, government-regulated businesses, industries, and social services are found working in harmony with participatory democracy, strong labor organizations, private ownership, and personal profit.

Question

American businesses and industry spend about 500 billion dollars in advertising each year.

Question

Jimmy is 14 and has a neighborhood lawn-care business. Simon sells crack cocaine in the inner city. Andrea runs a lucrative escort service for entrepreneurs. Neither Jimmy nor Simon nor Andrea receives a W-2 form and they all do business for "cash" money. In view of this, which statement is most accurate?

A) Because they do not receive W-2 forms, they are not required to pay taxes.
B) All three businesses are a part of the underground economy.
C) Because they are all cash businesses, the government is not concerned about their earnings.
D) Jimmy, Simon, and Andrea all risk doing serious jail time if their businesses are discovered by the IRS.

Question

What sociological perspective addresses the socialization process of learning a new job as a matter of power, gender role differences, and a reflection of the conservative values of the profession?

A) the functionalist approach
B) the conflict/feminist approach
C) the interactionist approach
D) the structuralist approach

Question

What classification is used to describe occupations that provide high income, prestige, and extensive benefits?

A) blue-collar occupations
B) secondary labor market
C) primary labor market
D) red-collar occupations

Question

What single event brought the most widespread and lasting change to American society?

A) the Industrial Revolution
B) the Great Depression
C) World War I
D) World War II

Question

In 2006 the unemployment rate in the United States was about 4.8 percent. How do you think the government responded to this situation?

A) The Congress immediately sought legislation to increase unemployment compensation.
B) The President called for patience by the American people to allow his economic recovery plan to work.
C) The government was satisfied that the nation was at "full employment" because it expects some unemployment.
D) The President declared his economic recovery plan a great success because this was the lowest unemployment rate in history.

Question

Which of the following are dysfunctions associated with the economy?

A) conspicuous consumption and mass production
B) high unemployment and recession
C) easy credit terms and cutthroat competition
D) the stock market and transnational corporations

Question

What is a huge corporation that produces hundreds of different products under a variety of trade and brand names?

A) primary industry
B) interlocking directorate
C) corporate conglomerate
D) industrial complex

Question

President Ronald Reagan dealt the labor unions a massive blow when he fired striking members of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization.

Question

What sociological approach views work as an important social role and part of our social history?

A) interactionist approach
B) functionalist approach
C) conflict approach
D) feminist approach

Question

What is the economic system where the means of production are owned and controlled by the state, and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to profit?

A) capitalism
B) communism
C) totalitarianism
D) socialism

Question

How has self-employment changed in the United States since the 18th century?

A) It has dropped from 75 percent of the workforce to about ten percent of the workforce today.
B) The percentage has remained about the same but the type of self-employed work has changed.
C) It has increased from about 30 percent of the workforce to about 60 percent of the workforce today.
D) It has made only a slight gain over the past 200 years and is about five percent greater today.

Question

What level of unemployment does the United States government consider as being "full employment"?

A) less than 12 percent
B) less than 9 percent
C) less than 5 percent
D) less than 2 percent

Question

An occupation that involves manual labor or factory work is referred to as a white-collar occupation.

Question

What national event revitalized labor union militancy in the 1960s?

A) the Vietnam War
B) the assassination of Martin Luther King
C) the assassination of President Kennedy
D) the civil rights movement

Question

The United States serves as the perfect example of an economy based on pure capitalism.

Question

Occupational prestige can be improved by simply changing the title of one's job, such as referring to a janitor as a "maintenance engineer" and a dog catcher as an "animal control officer."

Question

The Industrial Revolution can be credited with being the single phenomenon that has brought the most widespread and lasting change to American society.

Question

Because of advances in technology and worker rights, assembly-line work has become one of the most satisfying blue-collar occupations.

Question

The process of accumulating and using goods and services is called ________.

Question

An aspect of work that symbolic interactionists would be very concerned about as a research topic would be worker satisfaction.

Question

Labor unions have consistently gained membership in the American workforce since their start in the 1860s.

Question

The allocation of goods and services to members of society is called ________.

Question

During the eighteenth century over three-fourths of Americans were self-employed.

Question

Government officials believe the hidden economy is a temporary phenomenon that will disappear when the economy stabilizes.

Question

Underemployed workers are those who may work less than a full-time schedule or at jobs for which they are overeducated and overqualified and have no benefits.

Question

In its pure form, free economic competition requires a laissez-faire policy that allows the economy to be guided solely by the laws of the marketplace.

Question

Since the advent of the postindustrial economy in the 1970s, unemployment rates have consistently dropped year by year.

Question

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy are referred to as a[n] ________.

Question

A large business concern owned by thousands of stockholders and managed by boards of directors defines a[n] ________.

Question

The desire to express one's social standing by acquiring goods and services simply for the purposes of having, displaying, and consuming them is called ________.

Question

Jobs that involve manual labor or factory work are referred to as ________ occupations, and jobs that involve office work or nonmanual labor are referred to as ________ occupations.

Question

The three key elements of capitalist ideology are private ownership, competition, and distribution of goods and services based on the needs of the people.

Question

Sociologist Arthur Shostak has predicted that union members will be empowered with a new sense of strength and empowerment through Internet access.

Question

From 1920 until after World War II television was the single most successful advertising medium, which was then replaced by motion pictures.

Question

Approximately 50 percent of the American workforce was employed in manufacturing in the year 2000.

Question

Occupations that are unique in that workers share common values, norms, and attitudes not only toward their work but also toward life in general, which results in workers' spending most of their off-the-job time with others in the same line of work, are referred to as ________.

Question

Discuss employment, unemployment, and underemployment in the American economy over the past 25 years. How are figures on unemployment misleading?

Question

The four qualities that characterize a profession as suggested by George Ritzer are ________, ________, ________, and ________.

Question

How has the global economy changed in the past twenty years, especially for American business?

Question

Define capitalism and socialism and the concept of a mixed economy.

Question

The exchange of goods and services and the generation of income that goes unreported to the government is referred to as the ________ or ________ economy.

Question

How has the American work force and economy changed since the framing of the U.S. Constitution?

Question

Define production and list the three types, giving an example of each. How has production changed and remained the same in the American economy over the past one hundred years?

Question

Occupations in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs is called ________.

Question

Match between columns

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

George Homans

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

distribution

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

George Ritzer

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

economic system

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

capitalism

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

socialism

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

John D. Rockefeller

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

transnational corporations

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

William J. Wilson

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

secondary labor market

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

Arthur Shostak

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

pink-collar occupation

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

hidden economy

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

occupational encapsulation

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

telework

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

George Homans

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

distribution

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

George Ritzer

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

economic system

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

capitalism

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

socialism

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

John D. Rockefeller

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

transnational corporations

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

William J. Wilson

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

secondary labor market

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

Arthur Shostak

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

pink-collar occupation

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

hidden economy

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

occupational encapsulation

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

telework

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

George Homans

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

distribution

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

George Ritzer

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

economic system

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

capitalism

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

socialism

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

John D. Rockefeller

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

transnational corporations

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

William J. Wilson

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

secondary labor market

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

Arthur Shostak

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

pink-collar occupation

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

hidden economy

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

occupational encapsulation

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

telework

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

George Homans

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

distribution

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

George Ritzer

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

economic system

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

capitalism

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

socialism

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

John D. Rockefeller

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

transnational corporations

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

William J. Wilson

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

secondary labor market

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

Arthur Shostak

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

pink-collar occupation

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

hidden economy

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

occupational encapsulation

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

telework

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

George Homans

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

distribution

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

George Ritzer

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

economic system

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

capitalism

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

socialism

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

John D. Rockefeller

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

transnational corporations

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

William J. Wilson

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

secondary labor market

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

Arthur Shostak

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

pink-collar occupation

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

hidden economy

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

occupational encapsulation

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

telework

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

George Homans

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

distribution

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

George Ritzer

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

economic system

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

capitalism

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

socialism

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

John D. Rockefeller

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

transnational corporations

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

William J. Wilson

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

secondary labor market

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

Arthur Shostak

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

pink-collar occupation

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

hidden economy

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

occupational encapsulation

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

telework

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

George Homans

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

distribution

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

George Ritzer

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

economic system

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

capitalism

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

socialism

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

John D. Rockefeller

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

transnational corporations

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

William J. Wilson

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

secondary labor market

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

Arthur Shostak

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

pink-collar occupation

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

hidden economy

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

occupational encapsulation

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

telework

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

George Homans

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

distribution

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

George Ritzer

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

economic system

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

capitalism

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

socialism

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

John D. Rockefeller

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

transnational corporations

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

William J. Wilson

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

secondary labor market

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

Arthur Shostak

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

pink-collar occupation

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

hidden economy

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

occupational encapsulation

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

telework

Corporations that operate worldwide.

George Homans

Corporations that operate worldwide.

distribution

Corporations that operate worldwide.

George Ritzer

Corporations that operate worldwide.

economic system

Corporations that operate worldwide.

capitalism

Corporations that operate worldwide.

socialism

Corporations that operate worldwide.

John D. Rockefeller

Corporations that operate worldwide.

transnational corporations

Corporations that operate worldwide.

William J. Wilson

Corporations that operate worldwide.

secondary labor market

Corporations that operate worldwide.

Arthur Shostak

Corporations that operate worldwide.

pink-collar occupation

Corporations that operate worldwide.

hidden economy

Corporations that operate worldwide.

occupational encapsulation

Corporations that operate worldwide.

telework

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

George Homans

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

distribution

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

George Ritzer

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

economic system

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

capitalism

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

socialism

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

John D. Rockefeller

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

transnational corporations

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

William J. Wilson

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

secondary labor market

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

Arthur Shostak

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

pink-collar occupation

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

hidden economy

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

occupational encapsulation

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

telework

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

George Homans

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

distribution

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

George Ritzer

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

economic system

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

capitalism

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

socialism

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

John D. Rockefeller

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

transnational corporations

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

William J. Wilson

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

secondary labor market

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

Arthur Shostak

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

pink-collar occupation

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

hidden economy

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

occupational encapsulation

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

telework

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

George Homans

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

distribution

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

George Ritzer

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

economic system

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

capitalism

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

socialism

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

John D. Rockefeller

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

transnational corporations

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

William J. Wilson

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

secondary labor market

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

Arthur Shostak

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

pink-collar occupation

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

hidden economy

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

occupational encapsulation

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

telework

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

George Homans

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

distribution

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

George Ritzer

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

economic system

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

capitalism

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

socialism

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

John D. Rockefeller

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

transnational corporations

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

William J. Wilson

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

secondary labor market

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

Arthur Shostak

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

pink-collar occupation

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

hidden economy

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

occupational encapsulation

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

telework

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

George Homans

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

distribution

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

George Ritzer

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

economic system

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

capitalism

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

socialism

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

John D. Rockefeller

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

transnational corporations

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

William J. Wilson

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

secondary labor market

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

Arthur Shostak

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

pink-collar occupation

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

hidden economy

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

occupational encapsulation

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

telework

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

George Homans

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

distribution

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

George Ritzer

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

economic system

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

capitalism

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

socialism

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

John D. Rockefeller

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

transnational corporations

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

William J. Wilson

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

secondary labor market

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

Arthur Shostak

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

pink-collar occupation

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

hidden economy

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

occupational encapsulation

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

telework

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Deck 17: The Economy and Work

Who is the contemporary sociologist who attributes differences in the employment rate of whites and blacks to social class more than race?

A) James Gottfredson
B) G. William Domhoff
C) Lewis Coser
D) William J. Wilson

What is it called when a person's work becomes the dominant force in their life, shaping their attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job?

A) role distance
B) master status
C) occupational encapsulation
D) status inconsistency

Which of the following nations serves as the best example of a mixed economy?

A) Russia
B) China
C) Sweden
D) Canada

In capitalism, how is the relative value and cost of goods determined?

A) the cost to produce the product
B) the cost of labor
C) supply and demand
D) governmental regulations

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A) functionalist view
B) conflict view
C) interactionist view
D) feminist view

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What are the three key elements of capitalism?

A) government ownership, central production, communal distribution
B) private ownership, competition, profit
C) bureaucracy, efficiency, industrialization
D) management, labor, raw materials

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A) laissez-faire capitalism
B) welfare capitalism
C) pure capitalism
D) democratic capitalism

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Approximately how much does the government lose each year in taxes due to the underground economy?

A) $200 billion
B) $100 billion
C) $500 million
D) Impossible to calculate exactly.

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What would a sociologist call a white-collar occupation that is prestigious, relatively high paying, and requires advanced formal education with specialized training?

A) elite role
B) master status
C) chief executive officer
D) profession

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What sociologist predicted an upswing in union power and membership because of Internet "cyber unions" ?

A) Michael Gottfredson
B) Arthur Shostak
C) William J. Wilson
D) C. Wright Mills

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A) corporate interlock
B) conspicuous consumption
C) environmental determinism
D) industrial homogamy

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What was the major advertising medium in the United States between 1920 and 1950?

A) newspaper
B) radio
C) television
D) bill boards

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A) the natural economy
B) the plant community
C) primary production
D) secondary production

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How do conflict theorists view capitalism?

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Currently, what nation serves as the best example of a socialist economy?

A) Japan
B) Sweden
C) India
D) China

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In Pittsburgh, PA, the major steel companies made massive amounts and varieties of steel and other metal products. How would a sociologist describe this type of economic activity?

A) primary production
B) distribution
C) consumption
D) secondary production

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What is the process by which goods and services are brought into existence?

A) consumption
B) production
C) distribution
D) materialism

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What term do sociologists use to describe the belief that social class is of paramount importance in shaping people's values, behaviors, and life chances?

A) economic determinism
B) environmental design
C) primary production
D) conspicuous consumption

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What is the systematic production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services in society?

A) the government
B) the economy
C) compurgation
D) capitalism

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The process by which goods and services are brought into existence is called distribution.

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A) functionalist view
B) conflict view
C) interactionist view
D) feminist view

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What is the manifest function of advertising?

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American businesses and industry spend about 500 billion dollars in advertising each year.

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A) the functionalist approach
B) the conflict/feminist approach
C) the interactionist approach
D) the structuralist approach

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What classification is used to describe occupations that provide high income, prestige, and extensive benefits?

A) blue-collar occupations
B) secondary labor market
C) primary labor market
D) red-collar occupations

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What single event brought the most widespread and lasting change to American society?

A) the Industrial Revolution
B) the Great Depression
C) World War I
D) World War II

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In 2006 the unemployment rate in the United States was about 4.8 percent. How do you think the government responded to this situation?

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Which of the following are dysfunctions associated with the economy?

A) conspicuous consumption and mass production
B) high unemployment and recession
C) easy credit terms and cutthroat competition
D) the stock market and transnational corporations

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What is a huge corporation that produces hundreds of different products under a variety of trade and brand names?

A) primary industry
B) interlocking directorate
C) corporate conglomerate
D) industrial complex

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President Ronald Reagan dealt the labor unions a massive blow when he fired striking members of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization.

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What sociological approach views work as an important social role and part of our social history?

A) interactionist approach
B) functionalist approach
C) conflict approach
D) feminist approach

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What is the economic system where the means of production are owned and controlled by the state, and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to profit?

A) capitalism
B) communism
C) totalitarianism
D) socialism

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How has self-employment changed in the United States since the 18th century?

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What level of unemployment does the United States government consider as being "full employment"?

A) less than 12 percent
B) less than 9 percent
C) less than 5 percent
D) less than 2 percent

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An occupation that involves manual labor or factory work is referred to as a white-collar occupation.

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What national event revitalized labor union militancy in the 1960s?

A) the Vietnam War
B) the assassination of Martin Luther King
C) the assassination of President Kennedy
D) the civil rights movement

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The United States serves as the perfect example of an economy based on pure capitalism.

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Occupational prestige can be improved by simply changing the title of one's job, such as referring to a janitor as a "maintenance engineer" and a dog catcher as an "animal control officer."

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The Industrial Revolution can be credited with being the single phenomenon that has brought the most widespread and lasting change to American society.

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Because of advances in technology and worker rights, assembly-line work has become one of the most satisfying blue-collar occupations.

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The process of accumulating and using goods and services is called ________.

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An aspect of work that symbolic interactionists would be very concerned about as a research topic would be worker satisfaction.

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Labor unions have consistently gained membership in the American workforce since their start in the 1860s.

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The allocation of goods and services to members of society is called ________.

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During the eighteenth century over three-fourths of Americans were self-employed.

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Government officials believe the hidden economy is a temporary phenomenon that will disappear when the economy stabilizes.

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Underemployed workers are those who may work less than a full-time schedule or at jobs for which they are overeducated and overqualified and have no benefits.

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In its pure form, free economic competition requires a laissez-faire policy that allows the economy to be guided solely by the laws of the marketplace.

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Since the advent of the postindustrial economy in the 1970s, unemployment rates have consistently dropped year by year.

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The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy are referred to as a[n] ________.

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A large business concern owned by thousands of stockholders and managed by boards of directors defines a[n] ________.

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The desire to express one's social standing by acquiring goods and services simply for the purposes of having, displaying, and consuming them is called ________.

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Jobs that involve manual labor or factory work are referred to as ________ occupations, and jobs that involve office work or nonmanual labor are referred to as ________ occupations.

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The three key elements of capitalist ideology are private ownership, competition, and distribution of goods and services based on the needs of the people.

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Sociologist Arthur Shostak has predicted that union members will be empowered with a new sense of strength and empowerment through Internet access.

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From 1920 until after World War II television was the single most successful advertising medium, which was then replaced by motion pictures.

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Approximately 50 percent of the American workforce was employed in manufacturing in the year 2000.

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Discuss employment, unemployment, and underemployment in the American economy over the past 25 years. How are figures on unemployment misleading?

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The four qualities that characterize a profession as suggested by George Ritzer are ________, ________, ________, and ________.

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How has the global economy changed in the past twenty years, especially for American business?

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Define capitalism and socialism and the concept of a mixed economy.

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The exchange of goods and services and the generation of income that goes unreported to the government is referred to as the ________ or ________ economy.

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How has the American work force and economy changed since the framing of the U.S. Constitution?

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Define production and list the three types, giving an example of each. How has production changed and remained the same in the American economy over the past one hundred years?

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Occupations in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs is called ________.

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Match between columns

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

George Homans

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

distribution

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

George Ritzer

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

economic system

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

capitalism

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

socialism

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

John D. Rockefeller

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

transnational corporations

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

William J. Wilson

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

secondary labor market

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

Arthur Shostak

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

pink-collar occupation

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

hidden economy

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

occupational encapsulation

One of the early entrepreneurs whom some called "a captain of industry" and others called "a robber baron."

telework

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

George Homans

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

distribution

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

George Ritzer

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

economic system

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

capitalism

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

socialism

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

John D. Rockefeller

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

transnational corporations

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

William J. Wilson

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

secondary labor market

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

Arthur Shostak

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

pink-collar occupation

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

hidden economy

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

occupational encapsulation

When work within a subculture becomes the dominant force in a person's life, shaping his or her attitudes, beliefs, and actions on and off the job.

telework

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

George Homans

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

distribution

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

George Ritzer

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

economic system

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

capitalism

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

socialism

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

John D. Rockefeller

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

transnational corporations

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

William J. Wilson

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

secondary labor market

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

Arthur Shostak

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

pink-collar occupation

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

hidden economy

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

occupational encapsulation

Saw cyber unions and the Internet as a means by which labor unions would be revitalized.

telework

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

George Homans

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

distribution

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

George Ritzer

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

economic system

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

capitalism

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

socialism

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

John D. Rockefeller

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

transnational corporations

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

William J. Wilson

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

secondary labor market

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

Arthur Shostak

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

pink-collar occupation

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

hidden economy

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

occupational encapsulation

An occupation heavily dominated by women.

telework

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

George Homans

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

distribution

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

George Ritzer

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

economic system

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

capitalism

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

socialism

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

John D. Rockefeller

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

transnational corporations

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

William J. Wilson

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

secondary labor market

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

Arthur Shostak

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

pink-collar occupation

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

hidden economy

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

occupational encapsulation

Exchange of goods and services and generation of income that goes unreported to the government.

telework

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

George Homans

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

distribution

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

George Ritzer

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

economic system

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

capitalism

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

socialism

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

John D. Rockefeller

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

transnational corporations

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

William J. Wilson

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

secondary labor market

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

Arthur Shostak

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

pink-collar occupation

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

hidden economy

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

occupational encapsulation

Jobs that provide low wages and few benefits.

telework

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

George Homans

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

distribution

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

George Ritzer

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

economic system

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

capitalism

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

socialism

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

John D. Rockefeller

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

transnational corporations

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

William J. Wilson

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

secondary labor market

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

Arthur Shostak

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

pink-collar occupation

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

hidden economy

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

occupational encapsulation

An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and goods and services are distributed competitively for profit.

telework

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

George Homans

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

distribution

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

George Ritzer

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

economic system

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

capitalism

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

socialism

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

John D. Rockefeller

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

transnational corporations

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

William J. Wilson

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

secondary labor market

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

Arthur Shostak

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

pink-collar occupation

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

hidden economy

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

occupational encapsulation

Work in which workers stay at home and use computers, e-mail, fax machines, cellular phones, and other forms of technomedia to perform their jobs.

telework

Corporations that operate worldwide.

George Homans

Corporations that operate worldwide.

distribution

Corporations that operate worldwide.

George Ritzer

Corporations that operate worldwide.

economic system

Corporations that operate worldwide.

capitalism

Corporations that operate worldwide.

socialism

Corporations that operate worldwide.

John D. Rockefeller

Corporations that operate worldwide.

transnational corporations

Corporations that operate worldwide.

William J. Wilson

Corporations that operate worldwide.

secondary labor market

Corporations that operate worldwide.

Arthur Shostak

Corporations that operate worldwide.

pink-collar occupation

Corporations that operate worldwide.

hidden economy

Corporations that operate worldwide.

occupational encapsulation

Corporations that operate worldwide.

telework

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

George Homans

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

distribution

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

George Ritzer

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

economic system

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

capitalism

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

socialism

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

John D. Rockefeller

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

transnational corporations

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

William J. Wilson

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

secondary labor market

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

Arthur Shostak

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

pink-collar occupation

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

hidden economy

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

occupational encapsulation

Developed exchange theory with Peter Blau using rational choice theory and utilitarian economics to explain human behavior.

telework

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

George Homans

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

distribution

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

George Ritzer

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

economic system

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

capitalism

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

socialism

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

John D. Rockefeller

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

transnational corporations

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

William J. Wilson

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

secondary labor market

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

Arthur Shostak

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

pink-collar occupation

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

hidden economy

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

occupational encapsulation

An economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state and goods and services are distributed as a cooperative enterprise without regard to personal profit.

telework

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

George Homans

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

distribution

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

George Ritzer

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

economic system

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

capitalism

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

socialism

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

John D. Rockefeller

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

transnational corporations

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

William J. Wilson

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

secondary labor market

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

Arthur Shostak

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

pink-collar occupation

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

hidden economy

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

occupational encapsulation

Studied occupational and economic discrepancies between blacks and whites and attributed them to social class.

telework

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

George Homans

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

distribution

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

George Ritzer

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

economic system

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

capitalism

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

socialism

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

John D. Rockefeller

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

transnational corporations

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

William J. Wilson

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

secondary labor market

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

Arthur Shostak

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

pink-collar occupation

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

hidden economy

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

occupational encapsulation

Used an analysis of credit cards as a "window on society" and pointed out that many of society's problems are related to their widespread use.

telework

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

George Homans

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

distribution

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

George Ritzer

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

economic system

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

capitalism

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

socialism

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

John D. Rockefeller

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

transnational corporations

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

William J. Wilson

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

secondary labor market

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

Arthur Shostak

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

pink-collar occupation

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

hidden economy

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

occupational encapsulation

The allocation of goods and services to societal members.

telework

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

George Homans

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

distribution

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

George Ritzer

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

economic system

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

capitalism

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

socialism

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

John D. Rockefeller

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

transnational corporations

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

William J. Wilson

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

secondary labor market

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

Arthur Shostak

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

pink-collar occupation

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

hidden economy

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

occupational encapsulation

The ideology, values, norms, and activities that regulate an economy.

telework

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