Deck 15: Religion

Question 1

How do many televangelists view modernization?

A) They embrace it as the second enlightenment.
B) They condemn modernization although they make use of modern technology.
C) They take no position on modernization because it is of "this world."
D) They praise creation for modernization because it is the means by which they spread their ministry so effectively.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Who has the responsibility or authority to bestow "sacredness" upon an object, person, or practice?

A) the community of believers
B) the head religious official, such as the Pope
C) a Bishop
D) any priest or minister

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What early European sociologist addressed religious beliefs and practices from both an historical and cultural perspective and published his classic work on religion in 1912?

A) Émile Durkheim
B) Herbert Spencer
C) Karl Marx
D) Talcott Parsons

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Many Roman Catholics and other religious groups appeal to guardian angels. Such a belief is most aligned with which ideal type?

A) animism
B) new age religion
C) ecclesia
D) animatism

Question 5

Based on core religious beliefs, a system that is guided by supernatural "forces" that are the dominant power in the universe is ________.

A) ecclesia
B) animism
C) theism
D) animatism

Question 6

Which phrase best describes the 13 million people in America who tune into religious television?

A) They are fast-paced business people on the go.
B) They are middle class, white, hard-working Americans.
C) They are poor, elderly, disadvantaged.
D) They are rich, upper middle class, white.

Question 7

George has abandoned Roman Catholicism to pursue his spiritual fulfillment through the study of psychology, the paranormal, and other "New Age" practices. This is an example of ________.

A) privatization
B) compurgation
C) transactional analysis
D) compartmentalization

Question 8

What significance does Barbara Harris have in the context of religion?

A) She led the breaking away of her religious order from the Catholic Church because it prohibited nuns from becoming priests.
B) She is the first woman bishop of the Anglican Church.
C) She was the last woman martyred in the name of religion in the United States.
D) She wrote the book, The Elementary Form of Religious Life, on which most fundamental religious concepts are based.

Question 9

Which of the following religions is the oldest example of monotheism?

A) Christianity
B) Confucianism
C) Judaism
D) Islam

Question 10

Where and when did evidence of religion and magic first appear?

A) in Europe about 35,000 years ago
B) on the plains of Africa about 50,000 years ago
C) in the Mideast about 100,000 years ago
D) in the Amazon River Basin over one million years ago

Question 11

What is a theodicy?

A) an emotionally satisfying explanation for a meaning-threatening experience
B) a belief that a reward will be obtained in the distant future that cannot be verified
C) the transforming of the profane to the sacred
D) an effort to compel supernatural forces to the here and now

Question 12

During the mass the priest consecrates the bread and the wine to transform them to the body and blood of Christ. In doing so, which statement MOST applies to the process that has transpired?

A) The priest has employed compensators and theodicies as a part of the service.
B) The priest has transformed the profane to the sacred.
C) The priest has employed animatism as a part of the mass.
D) The priest is using magic to summon God to be present in the here and now.

Question 13

What sociological perspective is most aligned with totemism and civil religion?

A) the conflict perspective
B) symbolic interactionism
C) functionalism
D) the neo-conflict perspective

Question 14

What do Scientology, Kaballah, and Wicca all have in common?

A) They are all new religious movements.
B) They are all Christian sects.
C) They are all rejected by all of society.
D) They are all false religions.

Question 15

Who is quoted as describing religion as "...the sigh of the oppressed....the opiate of the people"?

A) Émile Durkheim
B) William Domhoff
C) C. Wright Mills
D) Karl Marx

Question 16

From a religious perspective, what is a compensator?

A) an emotionally satisfying explanation for a meaning-threatening experience
B) a belief that a reward will be obtained in the distant future that cannot be immediately verified
C) the process of transforming the profane to the sacred
D) a method to compel supernatural beings to assist in the present

Question 17

What was America's first mass religious revival that took place in 1730?

A) the Million Man March
B) the Great Awakening
C) the Promise Keepers
D) the millenarian movement

Question 18

Religions that believe there is a single, supreme God is called:

A) polytheistic religions
B) monotheistic religions
C) pagan religions
D) animistic religions

Question 19

What is the religious denomination with the highest membership in the United States?

A) Presbyterian
B) Southern Baptist
C) Roman Catholic
D) Episcopalian

Question 20

John and his girlfriend just joined the Holy People's Union, a religious organization that denounces government intervention of any kind, including the issuance of marriage licenses and baptism certificates. Such a religious organization that is at odds with the mainstream religions and society is called a[n] ________.

A) ecclesia
B) denomination
C) new religious movement
D) civil religion

Question 21

Magic and religion are alike for the purpose for which they are employed but differ by those who employ them.

Question 22

What is the name of the movement that is based on the "foursquare" gospel of Christ as savior, baptizer, healer, and coming King?

A) the Evangelical Movement
B) the millenarian movement
C) the Holiness Movement
D) liberation theology

Question 23

What did Durkheim call an emblem or object that represents a clan's animal or plant ancestors from a dim mythical past?

A) totem
B) ritual
C) compensator
D) theodicy

Question 24

Animism is a religious type that relies heavily on ghosts, spirits, souls of the dead, animal spirits, guardian angels, fairies, and demons.

Question 25

What sociologist is credited with developing the Protestant work ethic and explaining how the spirit of capitalism was shaped by religion?

A) Émile Durkheim
B) Max Weber
C) Karl Marx
D) Talcott Parsons

Question 26

Roman Catholic, Episcopalian, and Presbyterian all fall into which organizational category in the United States based on their structure?

A) ecclesia
B) new religious movement
C) sect
D) denomination

Question 27

Based on Durkheim's research on religion, no object, person, place, or event is inherently sacred.

Question 28

Which theorist referred to religion as "the opiate of the people"?

A) Auguste Comte
B) Max Weber
C) Emile Durkheim
D) Karl Marx

Question 29

"Sacred" holidays in the United States, such as the Fourth of July, Memorial Day, and Thanksgiving, that associate divine favor with a nation's history are examples of ________.

A) new age religion
B) civil religion
C) new religious movements
D) ethical religion

Question 30

Based on its religious beliefs, which of the following qualifies as being an example of polytheism?

A) Christianity
B) Hinduism
C) Islam
D) Judaism

Question 31

What is the name of a religious movement, such as the Unification Church, that blends magic, religion, ancient and futuristic beliefs, and utilitarian and mystical ethics and philosophies?

A) liberation theology
B) the Evangelical Movement
C) the New Age Religious Movement
D) the Holiness Movement

Question 32

The concept of jinns is most affiliated with religions that are explained by the concept of animatism.

Question 33

What is the feminization of piety?

A) placing women in the forefront of new sect and religious movements
B) the imbalance of church membership being mostly women
C) the fact the women are more committed to religion than men
D) the expressive role women take in religious organizations

Question 34

Islam is the official state religion in Iran. This qualifies it as being a[n] ________.

A) denomination
B) ecclesia
C) new age religion
D) new religious movement

Question 35

Prior to the positive stage in which people understood the world in terms of scientific laws, what did Comte call the stage where the world was full of mysteries, ghosts, and spirits?

A) the ecclesiastic stage
B) the Dark Ages
C) the Enlightenment
D) the theological stage

Question 36

Who began the mass printing of Bibles five centuries ago?

A) Johannes Gutenberg
B) John Newcomer
C) Guido Sarducci
D) J. Casper Lavater

Question 37

What is the hypothesis on which the secularization thesis is based?

A) the destruction of the world and Armageddon
B) the second coming of Christ
C) how modernization has led to the decline of religion
D) the spread of one religion worldwide

Question 38

What is the "invisible institution"?

A) Satanism
B) atheists
C) black religion
D) agnostics

Question 39

New religious movements are large, formal, and stable.

Question 40

What is the thesis behind Jeff Zaleski's book The Soul of Cyberspace?

A) Religion will disappear within 500 years due to desecularization.
B) The end of the world will occur within the next 100 years.
C) New information technologies are altering almost every aspect of religion.
D) Religious scandals will come to the public's attention more often as the media becomes more powerful.

Question 41

George has abandoned Roman Catholicism to pursue his spiritual fulfillment through the study of psychology, the paranormal, and other "new age" practices. This is an example of ________.

Question 42

Karl Marx recognized the importance of religion as being one of the few opportunities for the poor to organize and protest against the wealthy, which is why he supported the concept of religion.

Question 43

The religion that emphasizes loyalty and devotion to one's parents, elders, ancestors, and authority figures and also meditation and selflessness as paths to spiritual enlightenment is Confucianism.

Question 44

A belief among Islamic suicide bombers that they will be greeted by Allah upon their death is an example of a ritual.

Question 45

The first mass religious revival in America that took place in the 1730s as a part of the Enlightenment was the Million Man March.

Question 46

A formal, stylized enactment of beliefs that detach people from the ordinary and focus their attention on the sacred is called a ritual.

Question 47

Philosophical ideals that show how people may achieve enlightenment, peace, and harmony in the world are referred to as New Age religion.

Question 48

The New Age Religious Movement offers a novel blend of magic and religion, ancient and futuristic beliefs, and utilitarian and mystical ethics and philosophies.

Question 49

The first black national church was established in Philadelphia in 1816.

Question 50

The Christian men's movement, aimed at renewing families and the male leadership role in the family that arose in 1990 at a Christian church in Boulder, Colorado, was called ________.

Question 51

A religion that has splintered from a mainstream religion or a cult that has gained momentum and respect but is still in a state of negative tension with the larger society is called a new religious movement.

Question 52

Satanism is a major threat to denominations because of its growing membership, diverse assortment of literature, and growing organizational structure.

Question 53

Evangelical movements flourished in the 19th century, then declined in popularity throughout the twentieth century.

Question 54

Proselytizing is the summoning of supernatural forces to the present to assist in a specific worldly need.

Question 55

Members of the millenarian movement look to the end of the world and the second coming of Christ.

Question 56

The name of the theorist who argued that religion is functional for society is ________.

Question 57

The rise of capitalism in non-Catholic countries can be traced to the acceptance of Calvinism.

Question 58

The second coming of Christ is called the ________.

Question 59

A "sacred" national holiday that associates divine favor with a nation's history, such as Memorial Day and the Fourth of July, is called ________.

Question 60

A form of religion that associates a nation's institutions, history, and values with divine favor or some ultimate plan are referred to as civil religion.

Question 61

A ritualized attempt to compel supernatural beings or forces to influence events in the natural world is called ________.

Question 62

Discuss the four ideal types of religion.

Question 63

Emotionally satisfying explanations for meaning-threatening experiences are called ________.

Question 64

Define religion and explain how it is similar to and different from magic.

Question 65

Why is it more appropriate to refer to transient and loosely organized religious organizations that may be novel and at odds with the mainstream religions as new religious movements rather than cults?

Question 66

The active recruitment of new members of a religion is called ________.

Question 67

Trace religious movements in the United States and the world.

Question 68

The diffuse and impersonal force that lends supernatural power to events, objects, places, and people, is called ________.

Question 69

Philosophical ideals that show how people may achieve enlightenment, peace, and harmony in this world are called ________.

Question 70

Discuss how religion is viewed from each of the sociological perspectives.