Deck 6: Social Groups and Organizations

Question

When Anthony was an undergraduate student, he bonded with many of his professors and modeled his own behavior and values after theirs. For Anthony, what group best describes these undergraduate professors?

A) They were Anthony's out-group.
B) They were Anthony's reference group.
C) They were Anthony's dyad.
D) They were Anthony's personal bureaucracy.

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Question

Which sociological perspective takes the position that it is people, not organizations, which have goals?

A) the structural functionalist approach
B) the conflict perspective
C) the symbolic interactionist approach
D) the neo-conflict perspective

Question

Based on Charles Horton Cooley's classifications of groups, what classification best applies to cybergroups?

A) Cybergroups are ideally classified as primary groups.
B) Cybergroups are ideally classified as secondary groups.
C) Cybergroups cannot be appropriately classified as primary or secondary groups.
D) Cybergroups can be classified as either primary or secondary groups but do not fit either group very well.

Question

Forty people are on a bus traveling to various destinations. Other than sharing seats on this bus these people have nothing in common. Such a group is best described as being a[n] ________.

A) aggregate
B) category
C) social group
D) clique

Question

What type of social organization best describes a soccer club, a little league baseball team, and Mothers Against Drunk Driving?

A) utilitarian organizations
B) coercive organizations
C) civil organizations
D) voluntary organizations

Question

Who were the two social scientists responsible for presenting the "Peter Principle," the notion that in a bureaucracy people are promoted to their level of incompetence?

A) Peter Berger and Peter Noonan
B) John R. Peters and Peter Graves
C) Laurence Peter and Raymond Hull
D) Peter Berger and Michael Burawoy

Question

Which sociological perspective is most aligned with the belief that formal organizations are necessary for the proper operation of large and complex societies?

A) the symbolic interactionist perspective
B) the structural functionalist perspective
C) the conflict perspective
D) the neo-conflict perspective

Question

Army insignias, gang colors, and fraternity jackets are devices used to identify who is inside or outside a group. In view of this they are called ________.

A) identification tags
B) personal identity kits
C) reference points
D) social boundaries

Question

Which set of qualities is MOST APPLICABLE to a primary group?

A) large number of members, impersonal, goal-oriented
B) small number of members, intimate, informal
C) formal social control, limited duration, impersonal
D) long-term, large number of members, formal social control

Question

Which sociological perspective is most aligned with the belief that formal organizations are necessary for the proper operation of large and complex societies?

A) the symbolic interactionist perspective
B) the structural functionalist perspective
C) the conflict perspective
D) the neo-conflict perspective

Question

Based on all age groups, which of the following organizations has the highest percentage of adult membership?

A) labor unions
B) PTA
C) environmental organizations
D) church, temple, or synagogue

Question

All Boston Red Sox fans, left-handed golfers, and other people with similar social characteristics or a common status no matter where they may be are called a[n] ________.

A) aggregate
B) category
C) social group
D) reference group

Question

Based on the research of Robert Putnam and his colleagues, which of the following organizations was the only one to see an increase in membership in the 1990s?

A) the American Medical Association
B) the Parent Teacher Association
C) the Knights of Columbus and other religious groups
D) the Elks and other civic groups

Question

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony that may result in disastrous consequences is called ________.

A) group polarization
B) risky shift
C) group think
D) bureaucratic ritualism

Question

What term would Charles Horton Cooley use to classify a formal organization?

A) It is a secondary group.
B) It is a primary group.
C) It is an in-group.
D) It is an out-group.

Question

Pat is running for Congress. His original grass roots election committee was close-knit. As the campaign grew in size a number of people began to slack off in their commitment. Some seemed to "be along for the ride" and were participating because they hoped to get government jobs when Pat was elected. In view of this, which of the following explanations best describes what has happened to Pat's election committee?

A) The committee is becoming a bureaucracy.
B) Some members of the committee are engaged in social loafing.
C) The committee is an example of laissez-faire leadership.
D) The committee is suffering from the phenomenon of groupthink.

Question

When Mike decides to have a few beers at home he will drink a six pack watching the game or a movie. When he is out on the town with his fraternity pals he may drink twenty or more beers simply because he doesn't want his frat brothers to think he is a teetotaler. Which sociological concept is the best description of Mike's behavior?

A) Mike is experiencing risky shift.
B) Mike is engaged in groupthink.
C) Mike is suffering from group polarization.
D) Mike is having difficulty determining social boundaries.

Question

Gangs, fraternities, and other groups that create a sense of "we-ness," group loyalty, and have a tendency to generate feelings of superiority resulting in prejudice and discrimination are called a[n] ________.

A) reference group
B) primary group
C) significant group
D) in-group

Question

Of all contemporary bureaucracies, which group seems to present more examples of irrationality than any other kind?

A) fast-food restaurants
B) Fortune 500 corporations
C) the government
D) colleges and universities

Question

Five members of Dr. Murphy's sociology class have formed a study group. They meet twice a week and study for two hours each time in a relaxed, informal setting. They enjoy their group so much that the five students have agreed to take several of the same courses next semester and continue their joint effort. What term would Charles Horton Cooley use to describe the study group?

A) secondary group
B) in-group
C) primary group
D) reference group

Question

What type of social organization best describes the PTA, church choir, and Shriners?

A) utilitarian organizations
B) coercive organizations
C) civil organizations
D) voluntary organizations

Question

What corporations did sociologist Nicole Biggart study and came to the conclusion that some corporations were successful because they violated, not followed, traditional bureaucratic principles?

A) Mary Kay Cosmetics, Amway, and Avon
B) Alcoa, General Dynamics, and Exxon
C) Walmart, Sears, and Macys
D) Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler

Question

In bureaucracies, the work tends to expand to fill the time allotted for its completion. This is called ________.

A) the Peter Principle
B) goal displacement
C) bureaucratic ritualism
D) Parkinson's Law

Question

Which of the following descriptions is MOST applicable to the bureaucracy?

A) personal involvement, specialization of labor, merit and career
B) division of labor, hierarchical structure, formal rules
C) flexible structure, formal rules, personal involvement
D) master of many skills, informal rules, impersonality

Question

In primary groups, relationships are not valued for what they can do for the individual member but for the relationships themselves.

Question

People who happen to share specific characteristics or a common status, such as being left-handed or wearing glasses, qualify as being an aggregate.

Question

Max Weber described the bureaucracy as an organization "that shrinks a person's moral capacity into a mere duty to obey."

Question

Reference groups have both positive and negative functions.

Question

Who was the sociologist who addressed small group dynamics and wrote the book The Human Group?

A) Kai Erikson
B) Max Weber
C) George Homans
D) Theodor Adorno

Question

What was the award initially issued by Senator William Proxmire that brought public attention to foolish government spending?

A) the Golden Fleece Award
B) the Peter Principle Award
C) the Taxpayers-in-Chaos Award
D) the Terminator Award

Question

What was the major point made by C. Northcote Parkinson in "Parkinson's Law"?

A) Bureaucracies have a tendency to change their goals once they have been achieved to perpetuate their existence.
B) Individuals are promoted through the ranks until they reach their level of incompetence.
C) Conforming to procedure is more important than the goal of the organization.
D) In bureaucracies work expands to fill the time available for its completion.

Question

Which sociological perspective is aligned with the belief that formal organizations emerged to offer elites greater ability to meet the challenges of competitors and control subordinates?

A) the symbolic interactionist perspective
B) the structuralist perspective
C) the conflict perspective
D) the functionalist perspective

Question

John just graduated from college and is making $35,000 a year as an elementary school teacher. Although he desires to make a six-figure salary within the next ten years he has a feeling of relative gratification when he compares himself to people in other groups. Based on this, which group would create this feeling of relative gratification that John is experiencing when he uses it as a reference group?

A) homeless people
B) college professors
C) elementary school principals
D) CEOs of major companies

Question

Primary groups are usually based on expressive relationships whereas secondary groups are usually based on instrumental behavior.

Question

Secondary groups that are formally organized to achieve specific goals are called ________.

A) reference groups
B) social institutions
C) primary groups
D) formal organizations

Question

Who was the sociologist who developed the concept of primary and secondary groups?

A) George Herbert Mead
B) Kai Erikson
C) Art Shostak
D) Charles Horton Cooley

Question

Based on Etzioni's typology of organizations, what typology do sociologists normally classify media organizations?

A) coercive organizations
B) utilitarian organizations
C) voluntary organizations
D) civil organizations

Question

Leo was required to submit "the green form" to apply for student teaching. Because the teaching office only had one form left, they made a copy of the "green form" on white copy paper. When Leo submitted the completed white copy to the Dean's office, the secretary refused to accept it because it wasn't "the green form." Such a situation, where the process (submitting the "green form") becomes more important than the goal (to apply for student teaching), is an example of ________.

A) the Peter Principle
B) goal displacement
C) bureaucratic ritualism
D) phantom acceptance

Question

What prediction did economist Lester Thurow make regarding bureaucracies in the twenty-first century?

A) He predicted bureaucracies will expand and take over every aspect of life.
B) He predicted bureaucracies will disappear and be replaced by "the New World Order."
C) He predicted a debureaucratization process at an accelerated rate.
D) He predicted there will be no change in the extent bureaucracies exist.

Question

Prisons, mental hospitals, and elementary schools are most appropriately classified as what type of organization?

A) utilitarian organizations
B) coercive organizations
C) voluntary organizations
D) political organizations

Question

All New York Yankee fans, women in graduate schools, and other people with similar social characteristics or a common status no matter where they may be is called a[n] ________.

Question

One of the advantages of a bureaucracy over other types of formal organizations is that bureaucracies provide greater personal attention to employees and clients of the organization.

Question

Most of us will never experience membership in a coercive organization.

Question

Weber and his contemporaries who have studied bureaucracies were most impressed by the bureaucracy's ability to coordinate the activities of large groups of people and to outperform and outproduce all other forms of organizations.

Question

Two or more people who interact in patterned ways, have a feeling of unity, and share interests and expectations are called a[n] ________.

Question

Senator William Proxmire developed the Golden Fleece Award to honor members of the government who made the best suggestions on how to save money.

Question

The concept of a meritocracy benefits both the organization and the worker by providing greater worker identification and a greater commitment to the organization.

Question

Bureaucratic ritualism improves the efficiency of an organization.

Question

When workers conform to rules and procedures in such a way that the rules become more important than the goals of the organization, it is referred to as the Peter Principle.

Question

The concept of debureaucratization refers to the decrease in the number of bureaucracies, along with a decrease in their importance and even their existence.

Question

In the "network society" it is believed there will be a feminization of labor and the rise of the "flexible woman" that will gradually replace the "organizational man."

Question

Formal organizations are classified as primary groups because of their importance to the functioning of society.

Question

The European sociologist who addressed the bureaucracy and called it an iron cage was ________.

Question

The most unstable and most intimate group is the dyad.

Question

As groups become larger they become more intimate and informal.

Question

Material or symbolic devices that identify who is inside or outside a group are called ________.

Question

Groupthink expands group options, stimulates discussion, and results in more effective decision making.

Question

From a symbolic interactionist perspective, it is people, not organizations, that have goals.

Question

Mel was an energetic and dedicated employee and was rapidly promoted by the firm. Within a few years, however, he reached a level of incompetency that halted his rise on the corporate ladder and jeopardized the firm. Such a situation in the bureaucracy is called ________.

Question

The space shuttle disasters in 1986 and 2003 are examples of a phenomenon in group decision making called groupthink.

Question

What is leadership? Name the three types of group leadership, identifying their key features and the situations in which each is most important.

Question

Discuss how cybergroups qualify as both primary and secondary groups and the threat they pose to traditional small group dynamics.

Question

The type of group discussed in this chapter that is most responsible for creating a feeling of relative gratification or relative deprivation is the ________ group.

Question

Discuss what aggregates, categories, and social groups have in common and how they are different.

Question

What are small group dynamics and how are they affected by group size?

Question

The smallest possible group, composed of ________ members is called a ________.

Question

The economist who predicted that bureaucracies will become smaller and more manageable in the twenty-first century was ________.

Question

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational world view to achieve maximum efficiency is called a[n] ________.

Question

Identify and describe the five basic characteristics that Weber believed were most responsible for the technical superiority of bureaucracies.

Question

The phenomenon that occurs when people take greater risks in a group than they may have taken if they had acted independently is called ________.

Question

Match between columns

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

Solomon Asch

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

George Homans

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

primary group

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

out-group

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

triad

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

groupthink

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

voluntary organizations

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

bureaucracy

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

bureaucratic ritualism

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

Charles Horton Cooley

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

Georg Simmel

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

C. Northcote Parkinson

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

Irving Janis

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

Max Weber

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

Lester Thurow

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

Solomon Asch

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

George Homans

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

primary group

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

out-group

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

triad

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

groupthink

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

voluntary organizations

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

bureaucracy

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

bureaucratic ritualism

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

Charles Horton Cooley

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

Georg Simmel

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

C. Northcote Parkinson

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

Irving Janis

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

Max Weber

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

Lester Thurow

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

Solomon Asch

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

George Homans

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

primary group

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

out-group

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

triad

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

groupthink

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

voluntary organizations

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

bureaucracy

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

bureaucratic ritualism

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

Charles Horton Cooley

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

Georg Simmel

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

C. Northcote Parkinson

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

Irving Janis

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

Max Weber

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

Lester Thurow

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

Solomon Asch

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

George Homans

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

primary group

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

out-group

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

triad

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

groupthink

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

voluntary organizations

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

bureaucracy

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

bureaucratic ritualism

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

Charles Horton Cooley

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

Georg Simmel

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

C. Northcote Parkinson

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

Irving Janis

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

Max Weber

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

Lester Thurow

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

Solomon Asch

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

George Homans

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

primary group

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

out-group

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

triad

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

groupthink

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

voluntary organizations

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

bureaucracy

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

bureaucratic ritualism

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

Charles Horton Cooley

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

Georg Simmel

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

C. Northcote Parkinson

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

Irving Janis

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

Max Weber

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

Lester Thurow

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

Solomon Asch

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

George Homans

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

primary group

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

out-group

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

triad

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

groupthink

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

voluntary organizations

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

bureaucracy

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

bureaucratic ritualism

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

Charles Horton Cooley

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

Georg Simmel

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

C. Northcote Parkinson

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

Irving Janis

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

Max Weber

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

Lester Thurow

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

Solomon Asch

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

George Homans

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

primary group

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

out-group

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

triad

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

groupthink

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

voluntary organizations

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

bureaucracy

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

bureaucratic ritualism

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

Charles Horton Cooley

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

Georg Simmel

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

C. Northcote Parkinson

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

Irving Janis

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

Max Weber

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

Lester Thurow

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

Solomon Asch

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

George Homans

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

primary group

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

out-group

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

triad

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

groupthink

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

voluntary organizations

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

bureaucracy

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

bureaucratic ritualism

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

Charles Horton Cooley

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

Georg Simmel

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

C. Northcote Parkinson

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

Irving Janis

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

Max Weber

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

Lester Thurow

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

Solomon Asch

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

George Homans

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

primary group

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

out-group

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

triad

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

groupthink

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

voluntary organizations

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

bureaucracy

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

bureaucratic ritualism

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

Charles Horton Cooley

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

Georg Simmel

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

C. Northcote Parkinson

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

Irving Janis

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

Max Weber

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

Lester Thurow

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

Solomon Asch

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

George Homans

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

primary group

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

out-group

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

triad

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

groupthink

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

voluntary organizations

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

bureaucracy

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

bureaucratic ritualism

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

Charles Horton Cooley

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

Georg Simmel

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

C. Northcote Parkinson

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

Irving Janis

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

Max Weber

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

Lester Thurow

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

Solomon Asch

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

George Homans

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

primary group

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

out-group

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

triad

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

groupthink

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

voluntary organizations

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

bureaucracy

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

bureaucratic ritualism

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

Charles Horton Cooley

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

Georg Simmel

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

C. Northcote Parkinson

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

Irving Janis

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

Max Weber

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

Lester Thurow

Developed the concept of groupthink.

Solomon Asch

Developed the concept of groupthink.

George Homans

Developed the concept of groupthink.

primary group

Developed the concept of groupthink.

out-group

Developed the concept of groupthink.

triad

Developed the concept of groupthink.

groupthink

Developed the concept of groupthink.

voluntary organizations

Developed the concept of groupthink.

bureaucracy

Developed the concept of groupthink.

bureaucratic ritualism

Developed the concept of groupthink.

Charles Horton Cooley

Developed the concept of groupthink.

Georg Simmel

Developed the concept of groupthink.

C. Northcote Parkinson

Developed the concept of groupthink.

Irving Janis

Developed the concept of groupthink.

Max Weber

Developed the concept of groupthink.

Lester Thurow

A three-person group.

Solomon Asch

A three-person group.

George Homans

A three-person group.

primary group

A three-person group.

out-group

A three-person group.

triad

A three-person group.

groupthink

A three-person group.

voluntary organizations

A three-person group.

bureaucracy

A three-person group.

bureaucratic ritualism

A three-person group.

Charles Horton Cooley

A three-person group.

Georg Simmel

A three-person group.

C. Northcote Parkinson

A three-person group.

Irving Janis

A three-person group.

Max Weber

A three-person group.

Lester Thurow

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

Solomon Asch

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

George Homans

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

primary group

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

out-group

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

triad

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

groupthink

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

voluntary organizations

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

bureaucracy

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

bureaucratic ritualism

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

Charles Horton Cooley

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

Georg Simmel

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

C. Northcote Parkinson

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

Irving Janis

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

Max Weber

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

Lester Thurow

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

Solomon Asch

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

George Homans

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

primary group

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

out-group

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

triad

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

groupthink

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

voluntary organizations

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

bureaucracy

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

bureaucratic ritualism

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

Charles Horton Cooley

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

Georg Simmel

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

C. Northcote Parkinson

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

Irving Janis

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

Max Weber

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

Lester Thurow

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Deck 6: Social Groups and Organizations

A) They were Anthony's out-group.
B) They were Anthony's reference group.
C) They were Anthony's dyad.
D) They were Anthony's personal bureaucracy.

Which sociological perspective takes the position that it is people, not organizations, which have goals?

A) the structural functionalist approach
B) the conflict perspective
C) the symbolic interactionist approach
D) the neo-conflict perspective

Based on Charles Horton Cooley's classifications of groups, what classification best applies to cybergroups?

Forty people are on a bus traveling to various destinations. Other than sharing seats on this bus these people have nothing in common. Such a group is best described as being a[n] ________.

A) aggregate
B) category
C) social group
D) clique

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What type of social organization best describes a soccer club, a little league baseball team, and Mothers Against Drunk Driving?

A) utilitarian organizations
B) coercive organizations
C) civil organizations
D) voluntary organizations

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Who were the two social scientists responsible for presenting the "Peter Principle," the notion that in a bureaucracy people are promoted to their level of incompetence?

A) Peter Berger and Peter Noonan
B) John R. Peters and Peter Graves
C) Laurence Peter and Raymond Hull
D) Peter Berger and Michael Burawoy

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Which sociological perspective is most aligned with the belief that formal organizations are necessary for the proper operation of large and complex societies?

A) the symbolic interactionist perspective
B) the structural functionalist perspective
C) the conflict perspective
D) the neo-conflict perspective

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Army insignias, gang colors, and fraternity jackets are devices used to identify who is inside or outside a group. In view of this they are called ________.

A) identification tags
B) personal identity kits
C) reference points
D) social boundaries

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Which set of qualities is MOST APPLICABLE to a primary group?

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Which sociological perspective is most aligned with the belief that formal organizations are necessary for the proper operation of large and complex societies?

A) the symbolic interactionist perspective
B) the structural functionalist perspective
C) the conflict perspective
D) the neo-conflict perspective

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Based on all age groups, which of the following organizations has the highest percentage of adult membership?

A) labor unions
B) PTA
C) environmental organizations
D) church, temple, or synagogue

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All Boston Red Sox fans, left-handed golfers, and other people with similar social characteristics or a common status no matter where they may be are called a[n] ________.

A) aggregate
B) category
C) social group
D) reference group

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Based on the research of Robert Putnam and his colleagues, which of the following organizations was the only one to see an increase in membership in the 1990s?

A) the American Medical Association
B) the Parent Teacher Association
C) the Knights of Columbus and other religious groups
D) the Elks and other civic groups

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Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony that may result in disastrous consequences is called ________.

A) group polarization
B) risky shift
C) group think
D) bureaucratic ritualism

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What term would Charles Horton Cooley use to classify a formal organization?

A) It is a secondary group.
B) It is a primary group.
C) It is an in-group.
D) It is an out-group.

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A) Mike is experiencing risky shift.
B) Mike is engaged in groupthink.
C) Mike is suffering from group polarization.
D) Mike is having difficulty determining social boundaries.

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A) reference group
B) primary group
C) significant group
D) in-group

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Of all contemporary bureaucracies, which group seems to present more examples of irrationality than any other kind?

A) fast-food restaurants
B) Fortune 500 corporations
C) the government
D) colleges and universities

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A) secondary group
B) in-group
C) primary group
D) reference group

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What type of social organization best describes the PTA, church choir, and Shriners?

A) utilitarian organizations
B) coercive organizations
C) civil organizations
D) voluntary organizations

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What corporations did sociologist Nicole Biggart study and came to the conclusion that some corporations were successful because they violated, not followed, traditional bureaucratic principles?

A) Mary Kay Cosmetics, Amway, and Avon
B) Alcoa, General Dynamics, and Exxon
C) Walmart, Sears, and Macys
D) Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler

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In bureaucracies, the work tends to expand to fill the time allotted for its completion. This is called ________.

A) the Peter Principle
B) goal displacement
C) bureaucratic ritualism
D) Parkinson's Law

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Which of the following descriptions is MOST applicable to the bureaucracy?

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In primary groups, relationships are not valued for what they can do for the individual member but for the relationships themselves.

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People who happen to share specific characteristics or a common status, such as being left-handed or wearing glasses, qualify as being an aggregate.

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Max Weber described the bureaucracy as an organization "that shrinks a person's moral capacity into a mere duty to obey."

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Reference groups have both positive and negative functions.

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Who was the sociologist who addressed small group dynamics and wrote the book The Human Group?

A) Kai Erikson
B) Max Weber
C) George Homans
D) Theodor Adorno

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What was the award initially issued by Senator William Proxmire that brought public attention to foolish government spending?

A) the Golden Fleece Award
B) the Peter Principle Award
C) the Taxpayers-in-Chaos Award
D) the Terminator Award

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What was the major point made by C. Northcote Parkinson in "Parkinson's Law"?

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Which sociological perspective is aligned with the belief that formal organizations emerged to offer elites greater ability to meet the challenges of competitors and control subordinates?

A) the symbolic interactionist perspective
B) the structuralist perspective
C) the conflict perspective
D) the functionalist perspective

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A) homeless people
B) college professors
C) elementary school principals
D) CEOs of major companies

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Primary groups are usually based on expressive relationships whereas secondary groups are usually based on instrumental behavior.

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Secondary groups that are formally organized to achieve specific goals are called ________.

A) reference groups
B) social institutions
C) primary groups
D) formal organizations

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Who was the sociologist who developed the concept of primary and secondary groups?

A) George Herbert Mead
B) Kai Erikson
C) Art Shostak
D) Charles Horton Cooley

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Based on Etzioni's typology of organizations, what typology do sociologists normally classify media organizations?

A) coercive organizations
B) utilitarian organizations
C) voluntary organizations
D) civil organizations

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A) the Peter Principle
B) goal displacement
C) bureaucratic ritualism
D) phantom acceptance

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What prediction did economist Lester Thurow make regarding bureaucracies in the twenty-first century?

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Prisons, mental hospitals, and elementary schools are most appropriately classified as what type of organization?

A) utilitarian organizations
B) coercive organizations
C) voluntary organizations
D) political organizations

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All New York Yankee fans, women in graduate schools, and other people with similar social characteristics or a common status no matter where they may be is called a[n] ________.

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One of the advantages of a bureaucracy over other types of formal organizations is that bureaucracies provide greater personal attention to employees and clients of the organization.

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Most of us will never experience membership in a coercive organization.

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Two or more people who interact in patterned ways, have a feeling of unity, and share interests and expectations are called a[n] ________.

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Senator William Proxmire developed the Golden Fleece Award to honor members of the government who made the best suggestions on how to save money.

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The concept of a meritocracy benefits both the organization and the worker by providing greater worker identification and a greater commitment to the organization.

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Bureaucratic ritualism improves the efficiency of an organization.

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When workers conform to rules and procedures in such a way that the rules become more important than the goals of the organization, it is referred to as the Peter Principle.

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The concept of debureaucratization refers to the decrease in the number of bureaucracies, along with a decrease in their importance and even their existence.

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In the "network society" it is believed there will be a feminization of labor and the rise of the "flexible woman" that will gradually replace the "organizational man."

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Formal organizations are classified as primary groups because of their importance to the functioning of society.

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The European sociologist who addressed the bureaucracy and called it an iron cage was ________.

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The most unstable and most intimate group is the dyad.

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As groups become larger they become more intimate and informal.

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Material or symbolic devices that identify who is inside or outside a group are called ________.

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Groupthink expands group options, stimulates discussion, and results in more effective decision making.

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From a symbolic interactionist perspective, it is people, not organizations, that have goals.

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The space shuttle disasters in 1986 and 2003 are examples of a phenomenon in group decision making called groupthink.

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What is leadership? Name the three types of group leadership, identifying their key features and the situations in which each is most important.

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Discuss how cybergroups qualify as both primary and secondary groups and the threat they pose to traditional small group dynamics.

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The type of group discussed in this chapter that is most responsible for creating a feeling of relative gratification or relative deprivation is the ________ group.

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Discuss what aggregates, categories, and social groups have in common and how they are different.

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What are small group dynamics and how are they affected by group size?

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The smallest possible group, composed of ________ members is called a ________.

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The economist who predicted that bureaucracies will become smaller and more manageable in the twenty-first century was ________.

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A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational world view to achieve maximum efficiency is called a[n] ________.

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Identify and describe the five basic characteristics that Weber believed were most responsible for the technical superiority of bureaucracies.

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The phenomenon that occurs when people take greater risks in a group than they may have taken if they had acted independently is called ________.

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Match between columns

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

Solomon Asch

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

George Homans

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

primary group

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

out-group

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

triad

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

groupthink

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

voluntary organizations

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

bureaucracy

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

bureaucratic ritualism

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

Charles Horton Cooley

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

Georg Simmel

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

C. Northcote Parkinson

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

Irving Janis

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

Max Weber

Groups composed of like-minded people who pursue shared goals because they find them personally and socially rewarding.

Lester Thurow

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

Solomon Asch

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

George Homans

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

primary group

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

out-group

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

triad

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

groupthink

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

voluntary organizations

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

bureaucracy

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

bureaucratic ritualism

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

Charles Horton Cooley

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

Georg Simmel

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

C. Northcote Parkinson

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

Irving Janis

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

Max Weber

People who regularly interact and have close and enduring relationships.

Lester Thurow

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

Solomon Asch

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

George Homans

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

primary group

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

out-group

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

triad

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

groupthink

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

voluntary organizations

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

bureaucracy

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

bureaucratic ritualism

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

Charles Horton Cooley

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

Georg Simmel

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

C. Northcote Parkinson

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

Irving Janis

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

Max Weber

The sociologist who believed there will be a debureaucratization of society in the 21st century.

Lester Thurow

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

Solomon Asch

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

George Homans

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

primary group

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

out-group

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

triad

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

groupthink

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

voluntary organizations

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

bureaucracy

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

bureaucratic ritualism

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

Charles Horton Cooley

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

Georg Simmel

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

C. Northcote Parkinson

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

Irving Janis

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

Max Weber

When workers conform to rules and procedures to such a degree that the rules become more important than the goals.

Lester Thurow

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

Solomon Asch

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

George Homans

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

primary group

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

out-group

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

triad

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

groupthink

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

voluntary organizations

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

bureaucracy

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

bureaucratic ritualism

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

Charles Horton Cooley

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

Georg Simmel

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

C. Northcote Parkinson

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

Irving Janis

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

Max Weber

Observed that bureaucracies waste time and money by expanding the work to fill the time allotted for its completion.

Lester Thurow

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

Solomon Asch

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

George Homans

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

primary group

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

out-group

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

triad

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

groupthink

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

voluntary organizations

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

bureaucracy

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

bureaucratic ritualism

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

Charles Horton Cooley

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

Georg Simmel

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

C. Northcote Parkinson

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

Irving Janis

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

Max Weber

The early sociologist who studied bureaucracies and the characteristics they have in common.

Lester Thurow

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

Solomon Asch

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

George Homans

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

primary group

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

out-group

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

triad

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

groupthink

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

voluntary organizations

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

bureaucracy

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

bureaucratic ritualism

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

Charles Horton Cooley

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

Georg Simmel

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

C. Northcote Parkinson

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

Irving Janis

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

Max Weber

The researcher who cited the importance of small groups and wrote The Human Group.

Lester Thurow

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

Solomon Asch

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

George Homans

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

primary group

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

out-group

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

triad

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

groupthink

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

voluntary organizations

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

bureaucracy

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

bureaucratic ritualism

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

Charles Horton Cooley

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

Georg Simmel

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

C. Northcote Parkinson

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

Irving Janis

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

Max Weber

A group that people do not identify with and consider less worthy and less desirable than their own.

Lester Thurow

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

Solomon Asch

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

George Homans

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

primary group

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

out-group

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

triad

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

groupthink

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

voluntary organizations

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

bureaucracy

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

bureaucratic ritualism

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

Charles Horton Cooley

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

Georg Simmel

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

C. Northcote Parkinson

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

Irving Janis

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

Max Weber

Decision making that ignores alternative solutions in order to maintain group harmony.

Lester Thurow

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

Solomon Asch

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

George Homans

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

primary group

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

out-group

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

triad

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

groupthink

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

voluntary organizations

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

bureaucracy

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

bureaucratic ritualism

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

Charles Horton Cooley

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

Georg Simmel

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

C. Northcote Parkinson

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

Irving Janis

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

Max Weber

A large-scale organization that uses rules, hierarchical ranking, and a rational worldview to achieve maximum efficiency.

Lester Thurow

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

Solomon Asch

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

George Homans

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

primary group

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

out-group

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

triad

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

groupthink

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

voluntary organizations

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

bureaucracy

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

bureaucratic ritualism

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

Charles Horton Cooley

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

Georg Simmel

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

C. Northcote Parkinson

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

Irving Janis

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

Max Weber

Conducted the classic experiment on group conformity to demonstrate the power of peer pressure.

Lester Thurow

Developed the concept of groupthink.

Solomon Asch

Developed the concept of groupthink.

George Homans

Developed the concept of groupthink.

primary group

Developed the concept of groupthink.

out-group

Developed the concept of groupthink.

triad

Developed the concept of groupthink.

groupthink

Developed the concept of groupthink.

voluntary organizations

Developed the concept of groupthink.

bureaucracy

Developed the concept of groupthink.

bureaucratic ritualism

Developed the concept of groupthink.

Charles Horton Cooley

Developed the concept of groupthink.

Georg Simmel

Developed the concept of groupthink.

C. Northcote Parkinson

Developed the concept of groupthink.

Irving Janis

Developed the concept of groupthink.

Max Weber

Developed the concept of groupthink.

Lester Thurow

A three-person group.

Solomon Asch

A three-person group.

George Homans

A three-person group.

primary group

A three-person group.

out-group

A three-person group.

triad

A three-person group.

groupthink

A three-person group.

voluntary organizations

A three-person group.

bureaucracy

A three-person group.

bureaucratic ritualism

A three-person group.

Charles Horton Cooley

A three-person group.

Georg Simmel

A three-person group.

C. Northcote Parkinson

A three-person group.

Irving Janis

A three-person group.

Max Weber

A three-person group.

Lester Thurow

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

Solomon Asch

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

George Homans

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

primary group

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

out-group

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

triad

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

groupthink

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

voluntary organizations

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

bureaucracy

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

bureaucratic ritualism

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

Charles Horton Cooley

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

Georg Simmel

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

C. Northcote Parkinson

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

Irving Janis

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

Max Weber

One of the first sociologists to examine the impact of group size on the nature of social interaction.

Lester Thurow

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

Solomon Asch

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

George Homans

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

primary group

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

out-group

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

triad

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

groupthink

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

voluntary organizations

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

bureaucracy

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

bureaucratic ritualism

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

Charles Horton Cooley

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

Georg Simmel

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

C. Northcote Parkinson

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

Irving Janis

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

Max Weber

Coined the terms "primary group" and "secondary group."

Lester Thurow

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