Deck 4: Lifes Home: the Cell

Question 1

Many antibiotics work by blocking the function of ribosomes. Therefore, these antibiotics will:

A) block DNA synthesis.
B) block protein synthesis.
C) block RNA synthesis.
D) prevent the movement of proteins through nuclear pores.
E) make the two nuclear membranes fuse into one.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A secretory protein that exits from the ER within a vesicle will head directly to the:

A) nucleus.
B) cytosol.
C) mitochondria.
D) Golgi complex.
E) plasma membrane.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The function of the nucleus is to:

A) contain the DNA.
B) contain the cytoplasm.
C) produce proteins.
D) add sugars to proteins.
E) organize the cytoskeleton.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The outer lining of a cell is the:

A) cytosol.
B) plasma membrane.
C) cytoskeleton.
D) nucleus.

Question 5

Prokaryotic cells lack:

A) DNA.
B) proteins.
C) internal compartmentalization.
D) ribosomes.

Question 6

Which choice below correctly matches organelle with function?

A) lysosome-energy generation
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum-lipid production
C) mitochondria-food generation
D) cytoskeleton-recycling of materials

Question 7

What determines whether a protein will be produced on a "free ribosome" or on one attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?

A) a chemical signal on the protein being produced
B) a special sequence of nucleotides on the mRNA molecule
C) a special sequence of amino acids on the protein being produced
D) whether the mRNA first binds to a "free ribosome" or one attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

You isolate a cell with the following characteristics: (1) no nucleus, (2) only a single type of organelle, and (3) 2 μm in size. This cell could be a/an:

A) bacterium.
B) plant cell.
C) animal cell.
D) bacterial cell or a plant cell.
E) plant cell or an animal cell.

Question 9

Which of the following is involved in modifying, sorting, and shipping proteins?

A) mitochondria
B) lysosomes
C) the Golgi complex
D) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

Cells contain organized structures that perform a specific function. These are known as:

A) organs.
B) organelles.
C) cytoplasm.
D) prokaryotes.
E) tissues.

Question 11

Which of the following expresses an accurate difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A) Eukaryotes have a nucleus, but prokaryotes do not.
B) Prokaryotes have organelles, but eukaryotes do not.
C) Prokaryotes can be multicellular, but eukaryotes cannot.
D) Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotes.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the nucleolus?

A) to allow mRNA to leave the nucleus
B) to act as the site of DNA synthesis
C) to attach polysaccharides to protein molecules
D) to synthesize ribosomal RNA
E) to synthesize messenger RNA

Question 13

The function of ribosomes is to synthesize:

A) RNA.
B) lipids.
C) DNA.
D) proteins.
E) polysaccharides.

Question 14

Which of the following describes the difference between the cytoplasm and the cytosol?

A) The cytoplasm is the region inside the plasma membrane but outside the nucleus, whereas the cytosol is the fluid medium inside the cell.
B) The cytoplasm is the region inside the plasma membrane that includes the nucleus, whereas the cytosol is the fluid medium inside the cell.
C) The cytoplasm is the fluid medium inside the cell, whereas the cytosol is the region outside the nucleus.
D) The cytoplasm is the region only outside the nucleus, and the cytosol is the region only inside the nucleus.

Question 15

________ are the fundamental units of life.

A) Organelles
B) Tissues
C) Cells
D) Organisms

Question 16

Prokaryotic cells include:

A) bacteria and animal cells.
B) bacteria and plant cells.
C) bacteria and archaea.
D) archaea and fungi.

Question 17

Proteins destined to be secreted by the cell are produced:

A) by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
B) in the cytosol.
C) on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D) by the Golgi complex.
E) by free ribosomes.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct order of events in a cell?

A) DNA makes protein; protein makes RNA.
B) Protein makes DNA; DNA makes RNA.
C) RNA makes DNA; DNA makes protein.
D) RNA makes protein; protein makes DNA.
E) DNA makes RNA; RNA makes protein.

Question 19

Cells can increase the number or size of some organelles in response to new demands. The amount of one organelle often is increased dramatically in the livers of alcoholics. Based on what you know of organelle function, this organelle is the:

A) mitochondrion.
B) ribosome.
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
D) nucleus.
E) Golgi apparatus.

Question 20

Insulin is a protein made in large amounts in cells of the pancreas. These cells secrete insulin into the blood, where it controls the uptake of sugar by body cells. How is insulin transported from the ER to the surface of the cell?

A) Insulin is sent through the cavities (lumen) of the endoplasmic reticulum that attach directly to the plasma membrane.
B) Insulin moves along tracks of cytoskeleton proteins.
C) Insulin moves through plasmodesmata to the surface of the cell.
D) Insulin is carried in small sacs of membrane (vesicles) that move from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and then to the plasma membrane.
E) Insulin is carried by lysosomes that empty their contents outside the cell.

Question 21

An important by-product of photosynthesis is:

A) glucose.
B) oxygen.
C) protein.
D) starch.
E) water.

Question 22

What maintains cell shape, anchors organelles in place, and moves materials within a cell?

A) cytoskeleton
B) hydrogen bonds
C) cilia
D) Golgi complex

Question 23

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to one another in that both:

A) capture the energy of the sun during photosynthesis and store it as sugar.
B) have their own DNA and their own ribosomes.
C) convert the energy of the sugar into ATP for use by the cell.
D) are present in all eukaryotic cells.

Question 24

The most common form of cystic fibrosis, a fatal genetic disease, occurs when a protein destined for the plasma membrane of the cell is destroyed. The protein is destroyed by one of the cell's organelles because the protein is not shaped correctly. Which organelle recognizes the misshaped protein?

A) nucleus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) Golgi complex
E) ribosome

Question 25

People with oxidative phosphorylation disorders suffer a lack of energy that can lead to diminished function of nerve and muscle cells. The organelle most likely to be altered in oxidative phosphorylation disorders is the:

A) chloroplast.
B) cytoskeleton.
C) cell wall.
D) mitochondrion.
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 26

Which of the following are associated with energy transfer in eukaryotic cells?

A) chloroplasts and mitochondria
B) mitochondria and rough ER
C) mitochondria and smooth ER
D) chloroplasts and the cell wall
E) lysosomes and Golgi complex

Question 27

Which organelles are believed to have originated from free-standing bacteria ingested by ancient eukaryotic cells?

A) mitochondria and Golgi complex
B) lysosomes and ribosomes
C) chloroplasts and ribosomes
D) chloroplasts and lysosomes
E) mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 28

You owe your life to chloroplasts. The reason for this is that:

A) chloroplasts supply all the ATP needed by living organisms.
B) when we eat plants, it is the chloroplasts that are the nutritious part of plant cells.
C) chloroplasts produce all the water and carbon dioxide essential for life.
D) chloroplasts produce the oxygen we breathe and ultimately are the source of most nutrients we consume.
E) like the ancestors of mitochondria, the ancestors of chloroplasts were once bacteria taken up by a eukaryotic cell.

Question 29

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

A) intermediate filaments-actin
B) microfilaments-permanent
C) microtubules-tubulin
D) endomembrane system-cilia

Question 30

Tay-Sachs disease results from the accumulation of fatty deposits within neurons, when normally they should be broken down within these cells. The organelle that would be defective in Tay-Sachs would most likely be the:

A) lysosome.
B) Golgi complex.
C) ribosome.
D) endoplasmic reticulum.
E) mitochondrion.

Question 31

The large central vacuole of plants:

A) may make up as much as 90 percent of the internal volume of the cell.
B) replaces the nucleus.
C) allows the plant to produce its own food.
D) produces proteins.

Question 32

Which of the following would you find in a plant cell but not an animal cell?

A) lysosome
B) microtubule
C) a central vacuole
D) mitochondrion

Question 33

The cytoskeleton is composed of:

A) microtubules, intermediate filaments, and cilia.
B) microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
C) microfilaments, microtubules, and lysosomes.
D) microfilaments, cilia, and intermediate filaments.
E) microfilaments, mitochondria, and intermediate filaments.

Question 34

Microfilaments:

A) stabilize the position of the nucleus.
B) act as "monorails" along which organelles move.
C) help cells move or capture prey.
D) form the structure of cilia and flagella.

Question 35

Cell walls can be found as part of:

A) animal cells, fungi, and protists.
B) plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and protists.
C) protists and animal cells.
D) bacterial cells.
E) plant cells.

Question 36

Animal cells need oxygen most directly to:

A) produce ATP.
B) secrete enzymes.
C) produce DNA.
D) produce protein.

Question 37

The 1992 film Lorenzo's Oil told the true story of Lorenzo Odone who suffered from the disease adrenoleukodystrophy. This disease affected an organelle in his cells called a peroxisome. The peroxisome lacked an enzyme that controls the breakdown of a long chain fatty acid that resulted in a buildup of the fatty acid in his brain and spinal cord. The function of peroxisomes must be similar to the function of what other organelle?

A) mitochondrion
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) lysosome
D) Golgi complex
E) chloroplast

Question 38

Smoker's cough results from damage to the external structure of lung cells by tobacco smoke. What part of the cell would you predict is damaged?

A) the Golgi complex
B) plasmodesmata
C) the mitochondria
D) cilia
E) the lysosome

Question 39

Eukaryotic cilia and flagella:

A) are only found in single-celled organisms.
B) are both involved in sweeping the lungs clean of foreign matter.
C) occur in large numbers on the surface of the cell.
D) both have microtubules forming their underlying structure.
E) may also act as receptors for hormones.

Question 40

Both cilia and flagella are involved in which of the following functions?

A) energy production
B) production of proteins
C) movement of cells or movement of material around a cell
D) expelling waste
E) division of the cell

Question 41

Which of the following would be found as part of a plant cell but not an animal cell?

A) gap junction
B) ribosomes
C) chloroplasts
D) cytoskeleton

Question 42

Plasmodesmata permit cell-to-cell communication in plants. Similar structures found in animals are:

A) lysosomes.
B) mitochondria.
C) cell walls.
D) vacuoles.
E) gap junctions.

Question 43

Proteins can be modified in either the rough endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi complex.

Question 44

Every form of life is either a single cell or is composed of cells.

Question 45

Plasmodesmata and gap junctions are similar in that they:

A) provide structural support to cells.
B) are both involved in protein synthesis.
C) form a protective lining around cells.
D) allow cells to communicate with each other.

Question 46

Ribosomes are found only in plant cells.

Question 47

The typical animal cell is 25 micrometers in diameter.

Question 48

Vesicles that contain digestive enzymes are called lysosomes.

Question 49

It is estimated that there are more bacteria in your mouth than the number of people who have ever lived.

Question 50

Lysosomes are responsible for producing ATP from the metabolism of food.

Question 51

Tiny holes that are channels between animal cells are called gap junctions.

Question 52

Animal cells contain centrioles and chloroplasts.

Question 53

Gap junctions are found in plant cells.

Question 54

Animal cells are surrounded by a cell wall.

Question 55

The cytoskeleton is an internal scaffolding used for cellular movement.

Question 56

Without photosynthesis, most animal life on the Earth could not survive.

Question 57

Only eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

Question 58

Plasmodesmata allow plant cells to communicate with each other.

Question 59

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site where lipid synthesis occurs in an animal cell.

Question 60

The central vacuole is used for nutrient storage and photosynthesis in plant cells.

Question 61

Name three organelles involved in the synthesis of proteins in a cell, and describe the role each organelle plays in the process.

Question 62

The organelles of a eukaryotic cell are suspended in its ________.

Question 63

A man was under treatment for infertility. Examination of his sperm showed that his sperm could not swim. He also suffered from chronic bronchitis and other respiratory problems in which mucus with trapped particles was not being cleared from his lungs. From this you might infer he has a genetic defect affecting which structures inside his cells?

Question 64

Actin forms cytoskeletal fibers called ________.

Question 65

Label the parts of the plant cell.

Question 66

List the sequence of organelles a protein would pass through as it moves through the endomembrane system to the exterior of the cell.

Question 67

The compartment that holds most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA is the ________.

Question 68

Name and describe three organelles that are common to animal and plant cells.

Question 69

Label the parts of the animal cell.

Question 70

Compare and contrast cilia and flagella.

Question 71

Most of the volume of a mature plant cell is taken up by the ________.

Question 72

Nerve cells have long thin extensions of their cell membrane called axons. The cell has to get mitochondria from the body of the cell all the way down to the end of the axon to provide energy for nerve signal transmission. What structure in a nerve cell would be involved in moving the mitochondria, and how would it work?

Question 73

You are camping and decide you will sample some wild berries. You soon start to feel ill and realize these berries have a toxic substance in them. On your way to the hospital, explain to your friends which organelles, in which organ of your body, are detoxifying the toxin.

Question 74

Viruses reproduce as do cells, but viruses are not considered living things. Explain why this is the case.

Question 75

Harmful substances are detoxified within the cell by the ________.

Question 76

Which structures are in a plant cell and not in an animal cell? Which organelle would you find in an animal cell but not a plant cell?

Question 77

Which organelles would not be considered part of the endomembrane system? Explain your answer.

Question 78

mRNA carries a code from the ________ to make a particular polypeptide.