Deck 7: Statistical Concepts: Creating New Scores to Interpret Test Data

Question 1

A test to measure psychotic tendencies was given to a group of 1,000 potential air force cadets who wished to work in nuclear silos. Any cadet who scored at or over 64 would be eliminated. The mean of the test was 52 and the standard deviation was 12. Out of the 1,000 cadets how many were accepted?

A) 160
B) 340
C) 560
D) 840

Answer 1

840

Question 2

Joshua obtained a score of 550 on the SATs (M=500, SD=100) and a score of 95 on the WAIS-III (M=100, SD=15). On which test did he do better?

A) WAIS-III
B) SATs
C) He performed equally well on both tests.
D) This cannot be determined.

Answer 2

SATs

Question 3

Jill Jacobs receives a grade equivalent score of 10.6 on a national reading test. She is in the ninth grade. Which statement is most true about Jill?

A) Her reading ability is equal to students at the 10^th grade level.
B) Based on this score, no conclusions can be drawn.
C) Jill is doing better than the average student in her grade level.
D) Jill is doing worse than the average student in her grade level.
E) None of these are true.

Answer 3

Jill is doing better than the average student in her grade level.

Question 4

If z = −2.0, which of the following is NOT correct?

A) T = 30
B) DIQ = 70
C) Percentile = 2
D) SAT = 200
E) Stanine = 1

Question 5

If you have the raw scores of two individuals on a norm-referenced test, which of the following is important in terms of making meaning of those scores?

A) Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode)
B) The relative positions of the scores to the rest of the group
C) Whether higher scores are better than lower scores
D) How an individual feels about his or her score
E) All of these are important.

Question 6

A test to measure psychotic tendencies was given to a group of 1,000 potential air force cadets who wished to work in nuclear silos. Any cadet who scored at or over 64 would be eliminated. The mean of the test was 52 and the standard deviation was 12. Of the following scores, which is the highest z-score someone could receive and still be accepted to work in the silos?

A) 0
B) 1.5
C) 2
D) 2.5
E) 3

Question 7

An individual receives a T score of 73 on a test that measures empathic ability. Taking into account standard error of measurement (SEM), what is his "true score" 95 percent of the time if test-retest reliability is .75?

A) 25 points
B) 10 points
C) 5 points
D) 2.5 points
E) None of these

Question 8

If z = 3.0, which of the following is NOT correct?

A) T = 80
B) DIQ = 145
C) SAT = 800
D) NCE = 99
E) Sten = 9

Question 9

Which statement is usually NOT true about all norm-referenced standardized achievement tests?

A) About 50 percent of all those who take the test will be below the median.
B) The higher the standard error of measurement, the lower the reliability.
C) The standard deviations are always the same, regardless of test publishing company.
D) All of these are true.

Question 10

An individual receives a DIQ score of 73. Taking into account standard error of measurement (SEM), what is his "true score" 95 percent of the time if test-retest reliability is .96?

A) 12 points
B) 6 points
C) 3 points
D) 1.5 points
E) None of these

Question 11

Given N = 600, M = 40, SD = 10 (Normal Distribution), approximately how many individuals would you expect to score between 20 and 30?

A) 12
B) 204
C) 300
D) 84

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true about criterion-referenced testing?

A) They are used when one whishes to compare a test score to a predetermined value or a set criterion.
B) Many states have gone to using criterion-referenced testing as a result of the recent passing of No Child Left Behind legislation.
C) They are useful when one is wishing to compare a score to an individual's peer group.
D) As compared to norm-referenced testing, they are an alternative way of understanding test scores.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true?

A) DIQs are generally used with tests of intelligence.
B) T scores are generally used with personality tests.
C) Sten scores are generally used with personality inventories and questionnaires.
D) Stanines are generally used with achievement tests.
E) All of these are true.

Question 14

An individual receives a T score of 73 on a test that measures empathic ability. Taking into account standard error of measurement (SEM), what is his "true score" 68 percent of the time if test-retest reliability is .75?

A) 25 points
B) 10 points
C) 5 points
D) 2.5 points
E) None of these

Question 15

An individual receives a DIQ score of 73. Taking into account standard error of measurement (SEM), what is his "true score" 68 percent of the time if test-retest reliability is .96?

A) 61 - 85
B) 67 - 79
C) 70 - 76
D) 71.5 - 74.5
E) None of these

Question 16

A personality test that measures self-actualizing values uses T-scores. On the "self-awareness" scale, Bethany receives a score of 70 while Edwina obtains a score of 40. At approximately which percentiles do these scores fall?

A) Bethany: 98; Edwina: 34
B) Bethany: 95; Edwina: 16
C) Bethany: 95; Edwina: 34
D) Bethany: 98; Edwina: 16

Question 17

If you convert a group of z-scores to DIQ's, you will:

A) change the distribution on the curve.
B) decrease the mean.
C) decrease the median.
D) keep the original shape of the raw score distribution.

Question 18

On normally distributed curves, which of the following is NOT true?

A) The percentile rank mean is always p = 50.
B) The mean of z scores is always 0.
C) The mean of the standard deviation is 0.
D) The mean of standard scores vary as a function of the type of standard score .
E) The mean of the publisher type score varies as a function of the publisher.

Question 19

Which of the following represents the best description of a DIQ?

A) z(Mean) + SD (M = 15, SD = 100)
B) z(Mean) + SD (M = 100, SD = 15)
C) z(SD) + Mean (M = 15, SD = 100)
D) z(SD) + Mean (M = 100, SD = 15)

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT always true?

A) If you know the z score, you can determine a percentile by looking at a conversion chart.
B) If you know the z score, you can determine most common standard scores (e.g., T score, DIQ, SAT, NCE, etc.).
C) If you know the z score, you can determine the standard deviation of the test.
D) All of these are true.

Question 21

No Child Left Behind shows how norm-referenced testing can be used to increase student scores and shows the government's financial commitment to assuring that all children can achieve.

Question 22

Which scale of measurement would you use if measuring height and weight differences among ethnic groups?

A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio

Question 23

If your score on a test is 85 and the mean is 50, you have to have scored above the 84^th percentile.

Question 24

Which scale of measurement is being used when comparing achievement test scores of different school systems?

A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio

Question 25

A standard deviation of 2 is a percentile rank of about 98.

Question 26

A student received a score on a norm-referenced standardized test that was −2 z-scores below the mean. This person scored better than approximately 16 percent of his or her norm group.

Question 27

On a normally distributed curve, raw scores may become meaningful if you know the standard deviation and mean of the group.

Question 28

A stanine of 4 falls at the same percentile as a DIQ of 72.

Question 29

An individual being tested for a gifted program scores a 132 on the Cognitive Ability Test (CogAT), which has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 16. There is a .40 correlation between the CogAT score and success as measured by GPA in the gifted program, which has a weighted mean of 4.3 with a SD of .2. Use the Standard Error of the Estimate (SE_est) to predict where this students GPA will fall 95 percent of the time.

A) 4.7 ± .36
B) 4.3 ± .4
C) 4.5 ± .8
D) 4.7 ± .28
E) None of these

Question 30

In norm referencing, test scores are compared to a group of individuals called the norm group or peer group.

Question 31

Percentiles are a reflection of the distribution of scores along a curve.

Question 32

Which scale of measurement is being used if assigning numbers based on different professional affiliation (e.g., counselors, social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists)?

A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio

Question 33

An individual being tested for a gifted program scores a 132 on the Cognitive Ability Test (CogAT), which has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 16. There is a .40 correlation between the CogAT score and success as measured by GPA in the gifted program, which has a weighted mean of 4.3 with a SD of .2. Use the Standard Error of the Estimate (SE_est) to predict where this students GPA will fall 68 percent of the time.

A) 4.7 ± .18
B) 4.3 ± .2
C) 4.5 ± .4
D) 4.7 ± .15
E) None of these

Question 34

If a child is in grade 4.3 and receives a grade equivalent of 7.2 on an achievement test, he or she is achieving at the
7.2 grade level.

Question 35

Though the common usages of DIQs, percentiles, stanines, T-scores, and Grade Equivalents may imply a different type of test, they all measure the relative position of an individual as compared to the norm group.

Question 36

NCEs range from 1 to 99 along the bell-shaped curve, but as opposed to percentiles, they are in equal units along curve.

Question 37

Using z-scores gives an individual the potential of comparing test scores on different types of tests.

Question 38

If an individual's percentile rank is 84, he or she got 84 percent of the items correct.

Question 39

Age comparisons allow a person to compare his or her score at a specific age to the mean and standard deviation of individuals in his or her age peer group.

Question 40

The area between +1 and −1 standard deviations on a normal curve would include approximately 84 percent of the population.

Question 41

Assume a normal curve and that the mean of the raw scores is 8, the standard deviation is 2.65, and the test-retest reliability is .84. If an individual who is in grade 5.6 received a score of 10, answer the following questions:

Scores with this instrument correlate .50 with 6^th grade GPA. If the 6^th grade GPA has a mean of 3.0 and a SD of .3, predict the GPA range this students grades will fall 68 percent of the time.

Question 42

Assume a normal curve and that the mean of the raw scores is 8, the standard deviation is 2.65, and the test-retest reliability is .84. If an individual who is in grade 5.6 received a score of 10, answer the following questions:

What is the Deviation IQ?

Question 43

Assume a normal curve and that the mean of the raw scores is 8, the standard deviation is 2.65, and the test-retest reliability is .84. If an individual who is in grade 5.6 received a score of 10, answer the following questions:

Based on a person's Publisher Type Score (where the M = 80 and SD = 20), what range will this person's score likely fall 96 percent of the time?

Question 44

In order to evaluate a graduate program in psychology, a decision is made to compare the scores of the recent graduates on the national licensure exam to scores nationally. The internal consistency reliability of the test = .84. The program therefore follows up with their students and finds 24 students who have taken the exam in its most recent form. The scores of the students in the program are as follows:
Given information:
Mean = 144; Median = 142; Mode = 142; Range = 50
Find the interquartile range.

Question 45

Assume a normal curve and that the mean of the raw scores is 8, the standard deviation is 2.65, and the test-retest reliability is .84. If an individual who is in grade 5.6 received a score of 10, answer the following questions:

What is the Publisher Type Score (given that the M = 80 and SD = 20)?

Question 46

Assume a normal curve and that the mean of the raw scores is 8, the standard deviation is 2.65, and the test-retest reliability is .84. If an individual who is in grade 5.6 received a score of 10, answer the following questions:

What is the individual's approximate percentile?

Question 47

Assume a normal curve and that the mean of the raw scores is 8, the standard deviation is 2.65, and the test-retest reliability is .84. If an individual who is in grade 5.6 received a score of 10, answer the following questions:

What is the T score?

Question 48

Assume a normal curve and that the mean of the raw scores is 8, the standard deviation is 2.65, and the test-retest reliability is .84. If an individual who is in grade 5.6 received a score of 10, answer the following questions:

What is the National Curve Equivalent (NCE)?

Question 49

In order to evaluate a graduate program in psychology, a decision is made to compare the scores of the recent graduates on the national licensure exam to scores nationally. The internal consistency reliability of the test = .84. The program therefore follows up with their students and finds 24 students who have taken the exam in its most recent form. The scores of the students in the program are as follows:
Given information:
Mean = 144; Median = 142; Mode = 142; Range = 50
Knowing that the national mean is 134 with a SD of 19.0, write a statement as to how this school's students have done as compared to the national group.

Question 50

Assume a normal curve and that the mean of the raw scores is 8, the standard deviation is 2.65, and the test-retest reliability is .84. If an individual who is in grade 5.6 received a score of 10, answer the following questions:

What is the ACT Type Score?

Question 51

Assume a normal curve and that the mean of the raw scores is 8, the standard deviation is 2.65, and the test-retest reliability is .84. If an individual who is in grade 5.6 received a score of 10, answer the following questions:

What is the SAT Type Score?

Question 52

Assume a normal curve and that the mean of the raw scores is 8, the standard deviation is 2.65, and the test-retest reliability is .84. If an individual who is in grade 5.6 received a score of 10, answer the following questions:

Based on a person's Publisher Type Score (where the M = 80 and SD = 20), what range will this person's score likely fall within 68 percent of the time?

Question 53

In order to evaluate a graduate program in psychology, a decision is made to compare the scores of the recent graduates on the national licensure exam to scores nationally. The internal consistency reliability of the test = .84. The program therefore follows up with their students and finds 24 students who have taken the exam in its most recent form. The scores of the students in the program are as follows:
Given information:
Mean = 144; Median = 142; Mode = 142; Range = 50
Find the standard deviation of the students in the graduate program.

Question 54

Assume a normal curve and that the mean of the raw scores is 8, the standard deviation is 2.65, and the test-retest reliability is .84. If an individual who is in grade 5.6 received a score of 10, answer the following questions:

What is the stanine?

Question 55

In order to evaluate a graduate program in psychology, a decision is made to compare the scores of the recent graduates on the national licensure exam to scores nationally. The internal consistency reliability of the test = .84. The program therefore follows up with their students and finds 24 students who have taken the exam in its most recent form. The scores of the students in the program are as follows:
Given information:
Mean = 144; Median = 142; Mode = 142; Range = 50
Approximately what percentage of the group scored higher than this individual?

Question 56

Assume a normal curve and that the mean of the raw scores is 8, the standard deviation is 2.65, and the test-retest reliability is .84. If an individual who is in grade 5.6 received a score of 10, answer the following questions:

Make a statement about the individual's Grade Equivalent.

Question 57

Assume a normal curve and that the mean of the raw scores is 8, the standard deviation is 2.65, and the test-retest reliability is .84. If an individual who is in grade 5.6 received a score of 10, answer the following questions:

What is the z score?

Question 58

In order to evaluate a graduate program in psychology, a decision is made to compare the scores of the recent graduates on the national licensure exam to scores nationally. The internal consistency reliability of the test = .84. The program therefore follows up with their students and finds 24 students who have taken the exam in its most recent form. The scores of the students in the program are as follows:
Given information:
Mean = 144; Median = 142; Mode = 142; Range = 50
If a decision was made to use NCE type scores, what score would the individual who obtained a raw score of 142 receive?

Question 59

Assume a normal curve and that the mean of the raw scores is 8, the standard deviation is 2.65, and the test-retest reliability is .84. If an individual who is in grade 5.6 received a score of 10, answer the following questions:

What is the sten score?

Question 60

In order to evaluate a graduate program in psychology, a decision is made to compare the scores of the recent graduates on the national licensure exam to scores nationally. The internal consistency reliability of the test = .84. The program therefore follows up with their students and finds 24 students who have taken the exam in its most recent form. The scores of the students in the program are as follows:
Given information:
Mean = 144; Median = 142; Mode = 142; Range = 50
Use the national mean of 134 and national standard deviation of 19.0. If an individual received a raw score of 142, what is his or her standard score (publisher score) on the national test if the mean and standard deviation of the publisher score was 150 and 20 respectively?

Question 61

Match the type of scale with the definition.
Ordinal scale

A)This scale has a meaningful zero point and equal intervals; therefore, it can be manipulated by all mathematical principles.
B)In this scale, numbers are arbitrarily assigned to represent different categories or variables.
C)This scale establishes equal distances between measurements but has no absolute zero reference point.
D)With this scale, magnitude or rank order is implied; however, the distance between measurements is unknown.

Question 62

In order to evaluate a graduate program in psychology, a decision is made to compare the scores of the recent graduates on the national licensure exam to scores nationally. The internal consistency reliability of the test = .84. The program therefore follows up with their students and finds 24 students who have taken the exam in its most recent form. The scores of the students in the program are as follows:
Given information:
Mean = 144; Median = 142; Mode = 142; Range = 50
Considering the fact that all tests have error, what is this individual's standard score (publisher score; M = 150, SD = 20) 95 percent of the time?

Question 63

Fill in the blanks for the information listed below.
TRUST Test
(Test of Relationship Understanding Under Stress)
* Sten scores are generally rounded off, however, in this case, use the non-rounded number given.

Question 64

In order to evaluate a graduate program in psychology, a decision is made to compare the scores of the recent graduates on the national licensure exam to scores nationally. The internal consistency reliability of the test = .84. The program therefore follows up with their students and finds 24 students who have taken the exam in its most recent form. The scores of the students in the program are as follows:
Given information:
Mean = 144; Median = 142; Mode = 142; Range = 50
A graduate psychology student has a 3.65 GPA, where the psychology program's mean is 3.6 and SD is .1. Faculty have found a .60 correlation between students' GPA and their national licensure exam publisher score (M = 150, SD = 20). Knowing our students GPA, we could predict her score to fall in what range on the national licensure exam 68 percent of the time?

Question 65

Match the standard score with its mean and standard deviation.
Stanine

A)Mean = 21, SD = 5
B)Mean = 50, SD = 10
C)Mean = 50, SD = 21.06
D)Mean = 5, SD = 2
E)Mean = 5.5, SD = 2
F)Mean = 100, SD = 15
G)Mean = 500, SD = 100
H)Mean = ?, SD = ?

Question 66

Match the standard score with its mean and standard deviation.
DIQ

A)Mean = 21, SD = 5
B)Mean = 50, SD = 10
C)Mean = 50, SD = 21.06
D)Mean = 5, SD = 2
E)Mean = 5.5, SD = 2
F)Mean = 100, SD = 15
G)Mean = 500, SD = 100
H)Mean = ?, SD = ?

Question 67

Match the standard score with its mean and standard deviation.
T score

A)Mean = 21, SD = 5
B)Mean = 50, SD = 10
C)Mean = 50, SD = 21.06
D)Mean = 5, SD = 2
E)Mean = 5.5, SD = 2
F)Mean = 100, SD = 15
G)Mean = 500, SD = 100
H)Mean = ?, SD = ?

Question 68

In order to evaluate a graduate program in psychology, a decision is made to compare the scores of the recent graduates on the national licensure exam to scores nationally. The internal consistency reliability of the test = .84. The program therefore follows up with their students and finds 24 students who have taken the exam in its most recent form. The scores of the students in the program are as follows:
Given information:
Mean = 144; Median = 142; Mode = 142; Range = 50
Considering the fact that all tests have error, what is this individual's standard score (publisher score; M= 150, SD = 20) 68 percent of the time?

Question 69

Match the type of scale with the definition.
Ratio scale

A)This scale has a meaningful zero point and equal intervals; therefore, it can be manipulated by all mathematical principles.
B)In this scale, numbers are arbitrarily assigned to represent different categories or variables.
C)This scale establishes equal distances between measurements but has no absolute zero reference point.
D)With this scale, magnitude or rank order is implied; however, the distance between measurements is unknown.

Question 70

Match the standard score with its mean and standard deviation.
Publisher Type Score

A)Mean = 21, SD = 5
B)Mean = 50, SD = 10
C)Mean = 50, SD = 21.06
D)Mean = 5, SD = 2
E)Mean = 5.5, SD = 2
F)Mean = 100, SD = 15
G)Mean = 500, SD = 100
H)Mean = ?, SD = ?

Question 71

Match the standard score with its mean and standard deviation.
SAT

A)Mean = 21, SD = 5
B)Mean = 50, SD = 10
C)Mean = 50, SD = 21.06
D)Mean = 5, SD = 2
E)Mean = 5.5, SD = 2
F)Mean = 100, SD = 15
G)Mean = 500, SD = 100
H)Mean = ?, SD = ?

Question 72

Match the standard score with its mean and standard deviation.
NCE

A)Mean = 21, SD = 5
B)Mean = 50, SD = 10
C)Mean = 50, SD = 21.06
D)Mean = 5, SD = 2
E)Mean = 5.5, SD = 2
F)Mean = 100, SD = 15
G)Mean = 500, SD = 100
H)Mean = ?, SD = ?

Question 73

Fill in the blanks for the information listed below. Please note that the publisher uses the same mean and standard deviation for the three types of tests. For grade equivalent, simply state if Charlie Brown scored at his grade equivalent, or higher or lower than his grade equivalent. (Given: publisher mean = 120).
Name of Student: Charlie Brown Date of Birth: 1/8/80 Grade: 10.1

Question 74

Match the type of scale with the definition.
Nominal scale

A)This scale has a meaningful zero point and equal intervals; therefore, it can be manipulated by all mathematical principles.
B)In this scale, numbers are arbitrarily assigned to represent different categories or variables.
C)This scale establishes equal distances between measurements but has no absolute zero reference point.
D)With this scale, magnitude or rank order is implied; however, the distance between measurements is unknown.

Question 75

Match the type of scale with the definition.
Interval scale

A)This scale has a meaningful zero point and equal intervals; therefore, it can be manipulated by all mathematical principles.
B)In this scale, numbers are arbitrarily assigned to represent different categories or variables.
C)This scale establishes equal distances between measurements but has no absolute zero reference point.
D)With this scale, magnitude or rank order is implied; however, the distance between measurements is unknown.

Question 76

Match the standard score with its mean and standard deviation.
ACT

A)Mean = 21, SD = 5
B)Mean = 50, SD = 10
C)Mean = 50, SD = 21.06
D)Mean = 5, SD = 2
E)Mean = 5.5, SD = 2
F)Mean = 100, SD = 15
G)Mean = 500, SD = 100
H)Mean = ?, SD = ?

Question 77

Match the standard score with its mean and standard deviation.
Sten score

A)Mean = 21, SD = 5
B)Mean = 50, SD = 10
C)Mean = 50, SD = 21.06
D)Mean = 5, SD = 2
E)Mean = 5.5, SD = 2
F)Mean = 100, SD = 15
G)Mean = 500, SD = 100
H)Mean = ?, SD = ?