Deck 2: Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in Assessment

Question 1

Which association "is an organization of counselors, educators, and other professionals that advances the counseling profession by promoting best practices in assessment, research, and evaluation in counseling"?

A) Division 5 of the American Psychological Association
B) The Assessment Division of the National Association of Social Workers
C) The National Organization of Human Service Education and Assessment
D) The Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling (AARC)

Answer 1

The Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling (AARC)

Question 2

The following quote refers to what level test: "[This level] require[s] technical knowledge of test construction and use and appropriate advanced coursework in psychology and related courses (e.g., statistics, individual differences, and counseling). "

A) Level A
B) Level B
C) Level C
D) Level D

Answer 2

Level B

Question 3

The purpose of this standard is to assure that tests are "fair to all test takers regardless of age, gender, disability, race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, linguistic background, or other personal characteristics."

A) The Standards for the Qualifications of Tests Users
B) Responsibilities of Users of Standardized Tests
C) Competencies in Assessment and Evaluation for School Counselors
D) The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education

Answer 3

The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education

Question 4

Corey, Corey, & Callanan's Model does which of the following?

A) Offers a framework for problem-solving when confronted with difficult ethical dilemmas.
B) Demonstrates which aspects of ethical codes to address when making ethical decisions.
C) Offers a mechanism for dualists to become relativists in their ethical decision-making process.
D) Provides a moral model of ethical decision-making.

Question 5

Which of the following resulted in assuring that tests for hiring and advancement show ability to predict job performance?

A) Griggs v. Duke Power Company
B) FERPA
C) The IDEA
D) Carl Perkins Act
E) PL94-142

Question 6

In addition to ethical codes, other standards in testing exist. Which of the following is NOT a well-known standard?

A) The Standards for the Qualifications of Tests Users
B) Responsibilities of Users of Standardized Tests
C) Assessment Standards for Human Services Practitioner
D) The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education
E) Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing

Question 7

This document speaks to the qualifications of the individual giving tests in the following areas: qualifications needed, technical knowledge, test selection, test administration, test scoring, interpreting test results, and communicating test results.

A) The Standards for the Qualifications of Tests Users
B) Responsibilities of Users of Standardized Tests
C) Standard for Educational and Psychological Testing
D) The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education

Question 8

This act or law assures the confidentiality of a conversation conducted with someone that the state or federal law has identified as having the legal right to confidentiality (i.e., attorney-client, doctor-patient, therapist-patient, clergy- penitent, etc.).

A) FERPA
B) Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
C) Freedom of Information Act
D) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
E) Privileged communication laws

Question 9

This act or law assures the privacy of client records, including testing records, and the sharing of such information.

A) FERPA
B) Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
C) Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
D) Freedom of Information Act
E) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Question 10

This act or law affirms the right of all individuals to their school records, including test records.

A) FERPA
B) Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
C) Freedom of Information Act
D) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
E) PL94-142 and IDEA

Question 11

Relative to assessment, which of the following is NOT addressed in ethical codes?

A) The use of diagnosis in the assessment process
B) Proper test administration
C) The importance of test security
D) Proper test scoring and interpretation
E) Specific ethical decision making models (e.g., Corey, Remley & Herlihy)

Question 12

As per ethical codes, which is the most likely case in which one can break confidentiality?

A) Your client admits to occasionally smoking marijuana.
B) The parents of a college student you are counseling demand to speak with you about their son.
C) Your supervisor wants to talk to you about a difficult case you are having.
D) Your client's psychiatrist calls because it is time for the client's Xanax refill and wants to know about her status.
E) A lawyer demands that you provide them the client's records for a child custody case.

Question 13

As noted in the text, relative to choosing appropriate tests, which of the following does NOT need to be considered?

A) The validity of the test
B) The reliability of the test
C) The practicality of the test
D) The cross-cultural fairness of the test
E) All of these need to be considered.

Question 14

This act or law applies to all federally-funded programs receiving financial assistance and was established to create a "level playing field." Any instrument used to measure appropriateness for a program or service must be measuring the individual's ability, not be a reflection of his or her disability.

A) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
B) Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
C) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
D) PL94-142 and IDEA
E) Privileged communication laws

Question 15

This law assures the right of individuals to access their federal records, including test records. Most states have similar laws that assure the right to access of state records.

A) Americans with Disabilities Act
B) FERPA
C) Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
D) Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
E) Freedom of Information Act

Question 16

Relative to Kitchener's Ethical Decision-Making Model, which is NOT a value a test examiner should consider when making ethical decisions?

A) Automony
B) Beneficence
C) Nonmalfiecense
D) Empathy
E) Justice

Question 17

This act or law assures that a number of disenfranchised groups (e.g., economically disadvantaged, single parents, incarcerated, disabled) have access to vocational assessment, counseling, and placement.

A) Americans with Disabilities Act
B) FERPA
C) Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
D) Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
E) Freedom of Information Act

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a reason a counselor can break confidentiality?

A) If a client is in danger of harming self or another person
B) If a parent asks for information about his or her young child
C) If the client gives the counselor permission to break confidentiality
D) For purposes of supervision
E) A counselor can break confidentiality for all these reasons.

Question 19

This act or law assures proper test administration, that accommodations be made for individuals with disabilities who are taking tests for employment and that testing be shown to be relevant to the job in question.

A) FERPA
B) Americans with Disabilities Act
C) Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
D) Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
E) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.

Question 20

This act or law asserts that if a student is found to have a disability, schools must assure the student is given accommodations for his or her disability and taught within the "least restrictive environment," which often is a regular classroom.

A) FERPA
B) Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
C) Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
D) PL94-142 and IDEA
E) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Question 21

Due to confidentiality guidelines, therapists are not allowed to discuss their client's issues; however, test data does not apply to those codes.

Question 22

All tests likely carry some gender and cultural bias.

Question 23

The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education was developed for testing in education in the following areas: admissions, educational assessment, educational diagnosis, and student placement.

Question 24

For Corey, Corey, and Callanan's ethical decision making model, match the step with the correct sequence of events.
Identifying the potential issues involved

A)1st step
B)2nd step
C)3rd step
D)4th step
E)5th step
F)6th step
G)7th step
H)8th step

Question 25

Generally, testing should not be in a holistic framework because of its narrow focus.

Question 26

All counselors can give "Level C" tests.

Question 27

Confidentiality is an ethical guideline, not a legal right.

Question 28

To some degree, all tests are an invasion of privacy.

Question 29

To act as an expert witness in a child custody lawsuit, it is best to have specialized training in:

A) divorce law and child custody litigation.
B) forensic evaluations.
C) high stakes testing.
D) Child Protective Services.

Question 30

Forensic psychology primarily involves the evaluation of the deceased.

Question 31

The Jaffe v. Redmond case assured the right of licensed therapists to privileged communication.

Question 32

It is permissible to change test content of purchased tests as long as you consider the client being assessed.

Question 33

Test worthiness is generally only an issue in the selection of a test, not the scoring and interpretation of a test.

Question 34

HIPAA restricts the amount of information that a client can give to a clinician.

Question 35

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Jaffe v. Redmond case?

A) Licensed therapists have a right to privileged communication.
B) Licensed social workers has a right to have her case notes kept confidential.
C) Licensed therapists have protection against having their records brought to federal court against their wishes.
D) Licensed therapists have the right to reveal information in federal court against the client's wishes.

Question 36

Which association promotes high standards in both research and practical application of psychological assessment, evaluation, measurement, and statistics?

A) Division 5 of the American Psychological Association
B) The Assessment Division of the National Association of Social Workers
C) The National Organization of Human Service Education and Assessment
D) The Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling (AARC)

Question 37

Which association certifies counselors and social workers as forensic health evaluators?

A) The NASW and ACA Evaluator Service
B) The American Board of Forensic Psychologists
C) The National Board of Certified Counselors
D) The National Board of Forensic Evaluators

Question 38

Forensic evaluations often include interviewing, assessment, knowledge of ethical and legal issues, and writing forensic reports.

Question 39

Due to the nature of testing and the need for sometimes justifiable deception, informed consent is not required for administration of tests.

Question 40

Which of the following does NOT offer an accreditation standard that helps to drive curriculum guidelines in assessment?

A) American Psychological Association
B) CACREP
C) American Board of Forensic Psychology
D) National Association of School Psychologists

Question 41

Match the law or act with the most appropriate description.
Upheld the right that licensed professionals would not need to reveal information in their case notes.

A)Americans with Disabilities Act
B)The Buckley Amendment (FERPA)
C)Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
D)Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
E)Freedom of Information Act
F)Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
G)PL94-142 and IDEA
H)Privileged communication laws
I)Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
J)Jaffe v. Redmond

Question 42

For Corey, Corey, and Callanan's ethical decision making model, match the step with the correct sequence of events.
Reviewing the relevant ethical guidelines

A)1st step
B)2nd step
C)3rd step
D)4th step
E)5th step
F)6th step
G)7th step
H)8th step

Question 43

Match the law or act with the most appropriate description.
Asserts that if a student is found to have a disability, schools must assure that the student is given accommodations for his or her disability and taught within the "least restrictive environment," which often is a regular classroom.

A)Americans with Disabilities Act
B)The Buckley Amendment (FERPA)
C)Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
D)Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
E)Freedom of Information Act
F)Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
G)PL94-142 and IDEA
H)Privileged communication laws
I)Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
J)Jaffe v. Redmond

Question 44

Match the law or act with the most appropriate description.
Assures that a number of disenfranchised groups (e.g., economically disadvantaged, single parents, incarcerated, disabled) have access to vocational assessment, counseling, and placement.

A)Americans with Disabilities Act
B)The Buckley Amendment (FERPA)
C)Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
D)Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
E)Freedom of Information Act
F)Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
G)PL94-142 and IDEA
H)Privileged communication laws
I)Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
J)Jaffe v. Redmond

Question 45

For Corey, Corey, and Callanan's ethical decision making model, match the step with the correct sequence of events.
Identifying the problem

A)1st step
B)2nd step
C)3rd step
D)4th step
E)5th step
F)6th step
G)7th step
H)8th step

Question 46

Match the law or act with the most appropriate description.
This law assures the right of individuals to access their federal records, including test records. Most states have similar laws that assure the right to access state records.

A)Americans with Disabilities Act
B)The Buckley Amendment (FERPA)
C)Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
D)Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
E)Freedom of Information Act
F)Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
G)PL94-142 and IDEA
H)Privileged communication laws
I)Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
J)Jaffe v. Redmond

Question 47

For Corey, Corey, and Callanan's ethical decision making model, match the step with the correct sequence of events.
Listing the consequences of various decisions

A)1st step
B)2nd step
C)3rd step
D)4th step
E)5th step
F)6th step
G)7th step
H)8th step

Question 48

Match the law or act with the most appropriate description.
This act applies to all federally-funded programs receiving financial assistance and was established to create a "level playing field." Any instrument used to measure appropriateness for a program or service must be measuring the individual's ability, not be a reflection of his or her disability.

A)Americans with Disabilities Act
B)The Buckley Amendment (FERPA)
C)Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
D)Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
E)Freedom of Information Act
F)Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
G)PL94-142 and IDEA
H)Privileged communication laws
I)Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
J)Jaffe v. Redmond

Question 49

For Corey, Corey, and Callanan's ethical decision making model, match the step with the correct sequence of events.
Deciding on what appears to be the best course of action

A)1st step
B)2nd step
C)3rd step
D)4th step
E)5th step
F)6th step
G)7th step
H)8th step

Question 50

Match the law or act with the most appropriate description.
Asserts that any test used for employment or promotion must be shown to be suitable and valid for the job in question.

A)Americans with Disabilities Act
B)The Buckley Amendment (FERPA)
C)Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
D)Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
E)Freedom of Information Act
F)Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
G)PL94-142 and IDEA
H)Privileged communication laws
I)Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
J)Jaffe v. Redmond

Question 51

Match the law or act with the most appropriate description.
Assures the confidentiality of a conversation conducted with someone that the state or federal law has identified as having the legal right to confidentiality (i.e. attorney-client, doctor-patient, therapist-patient, clergy-penitent, etc.).

A)Americans with Disabilities Act
B)The Buckley Amendment (FERPA)
C)Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
D)Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
E)Freedom of Information Act
F)Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
G)PL94-142 and IDEA
H)Privileged communication laws
I)Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
J)Jaffe v. Redmond

Question 52

For Corey, Corey, and Callanan's ethical decision making model, match the step with the correct sequence of events.
Considering possible and probable courses of action

A)1st step
B)2nd step
C)3rd step
D)4th step
E)5th step
F)6th step
G)7th step
H)8th step

Question 53

For Corey, Corey, and Callanan's ethical decision making model, match the step with the correct sequence of events.
Obtaining consultation

A)1st step
B)2nd step
C)3rd step
D)4th step
E)5th step
F)6th step
G)7th step
H)8th step

Question 54

Match the law or act with the most appropriate description.
Affirms the right of all individuals to their school records, including test records.

A)Americans with Disabilities Act
B)The Buckley Amendment (FERPA)
C)Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
D)Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
E)Freedom of Information Act
F)Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
G)PL94-142 and IDEA
H)Privileged communication laws
I)Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
J)Jaffe v. Redmond

Question 55

Match the law or act with the most appropriate description.
Assures proper test administration, the accommodations be made for individuals with disabilities who are taking tests for employment, and that testing be shown to be relevant to the job in question.

A)Americans with Disabilities Act
B)The Buckley Amendment (FERPA)
C)Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
D)Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
E)Freedom of Information Act
F)Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
G)PL94-142 and IDEA
H)Privileged communication laws
I)Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
J)Jaffe v. Redmond

Question 56

Match the law or act with the most appropriate description.
Assures the privacy of client records, including testing records, and the sharing of such information.

A)Americans with Disabilities Act
B)The Buckley Amendment (FERPA)
C)Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
D)Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
E)Freedom of Information Act
F)Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
G)PL94-142 and IDEA
H)Privileged communication laws
I)Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
J)Jaffe v. Redmond

Question 57

For Corey, Corey, and Callanan's ethical decision making model, match the step with the correct sequence of events.
Knowing relevant laws and regulations

A)1st step
B)2nd step
C)3rd step
D)4th step
E)5th step
F)6th step
G)7th step
H)8th step