Deck 14: The Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

Structures that pick up environmental changes from inside or outside of the body are called

A) sensory receptors
B) nerves
C) ganglia
D) motor endings

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a lamellar corpuscle (Pacinian corpuscle) that rapidly adapts to deep pressure stimuli?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A receptor that monitors stretch of the stomach can be classified as a

A) mechanoreceptor and interoceptor.
B) mechanoreceptor and proprioceptor.
C) nociceptor and exteroceptor.
D) baroreceptor and proprioceptor.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Motor neurons to skeletal muscle belong to the ________ division of the peripheral nervous system.

A) somatic
B) autonomic
C) afferent
D) visceral

Question 5

Extrafusal muscle fibers that surround a muscle spindle and resist excessive muscle stretching are innervated by

A) primary sensory endings.
B) secondary sensory endings.
C) α efferent neurons.
D) γ efferent neurons.

Question 6

Which of the following subcategories of the peripheral nervous system is correctly matched with its description?

A) somatic sensory - innervation to skeletal muscles
B) visceral sensory - includes the sense of touch and proprioception
C) somatic motor - awareness of nausea, hunger, and chemical changes in the body
D) autonomic (visceral motor) - innervation of smooth and cardiac muscle

Question 7

An example of an encapsulated receptor is

A) a hair follicle receptor.
B) a tendon organ.
C) a tactile epithelial cell (Merkel disc).
D) a lamellar corpuscle (Pacinian corpuscle).

Question 8

Which of these receptors would not be found within a synovial joint capsule?

A) free nerve endings
B) tactile corpuscles (Meissner's corpuscles)
C) lamellar corpuscles (Pacinian corpuscles)
D) bulbous corpuscles (Ruffini endings)

Question 9

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a tactile corpuscle (Meissner's corpuscle) that is responsive to light pressure?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the cranial nerve that has three major branches?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Tactile corpuscles (Meissner's corpuscles)

A) occur in hairy skin.
B) occur in dermal papillae.
C) are nociceptors.
D) are free unencapsulated dendritic endings.

Question 12

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates receptors that respond chiefly to pain and temperature?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Ganglia

A) sense information and initiate impulses in sensory neurons.
B) are bundles of peripheral axons.
C) are clusters of peripheral cells.
D) are terminal boutons of motor neurons.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the peripheral nervous system?

A) It only involves efferent, motor neurons.
B) It only involves somatic neurons.
C) It includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
D) It includes neurons carrying the sense of touch but not special senses, such as taste or vision.

Question 15

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the structure where cranial nerve fibers from the retina cross to the opposite side of the brain?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the cranial nerve that transmits olfactory impulses?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

A receptor that monitors stretch of the patellar tendon can be classified as a

A) mechanoreceptor and interoceptor.
B) mechanoreceptor and proprioceptor.
C) nociceptor and exteroceptor.
D) baroreceptor and proprioceptor.

Question 18

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the cranial nerve with nerve fibers that pass through the hypoglossal canal?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a bulbous corpuscle (Ruffini ending) that slowly adapts to deep pressure stimuli?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 20

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates epithelial tactile complexes (Merkel discs), light pressure receptors found in the epidermis?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

The abducens nerve (CN VI)

A) innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.
B) relays sensory information from the taste buds on the tongue.
C) exits from the medulla.
D) if paralyzed, results in Bell's palsy.

Question 22

Which cranial nerves have fibers that relay somatic motor impulses to pharyngeal muscles during swallowing?

A) I and II
B) V and XII
C) VI and VII
D) IX and X

Question 23

Which of the cranial nerve listed below is the largest in diameter?

A) IV
B) V
C) VIII
D) XI
E) XII

Question 24

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Sensory fibers of which cranial nerve pair pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone?

A) I
B) II
C) IV
D) V
E) VIII

Question 25

The trigeminal nerve contains which class(es) of nerve fibers?

A) somatic sensory only
B) somatic motor and general somatic sensory
C) somatic sensory, visceral sensory, and visceral motor
D) somatic motor only

Question 26

Damage to which cranial nerve pair can cause deafness and problems with equilibrium?

A) IV
B) V
C) VIII
D) XI
E) XII

Question 27

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
All of the following are mixed cranial nerves, which contain both motor and sensory fibers, except the

A) facial.
B) optic.
C) trigeminal.
D) vagus.

Question 28

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Of the cranial nerve pairs listed below, which nerve, along with XI and XII, relays only somatic motor impulses?

A) I
B) II
C) IV
D) V
E) VIII

Question 29

Which cranial nerve, along with cranial nerve pair II, relays special somatic sensory impulses?

A) I
B) II
C) IV
D) VII
E) VIII

Question 30

Which foramen does not include a branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A) mandibular
B) ovale
C) rotundum
D) spinosum

Question 31

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the cranial nerve that has motor fibers that innervate muscles of facial expression?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 32

Which cranial nerve pair has two sensory branches which both pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

A) I
B) II
C) IV
D) V
E) VIII

Question 33

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Damage to which cranial nerve pair may result in anosmia, or a partial or total loss of the sense of smell?

A) I
B) II
C) IV
D) V
E) VIII

Question 34

To avoid double vision, which of the following groups of cranial nerves must be functioning correctly?

A) I, IX, and X
B) VII, VIII, and XII
C) V, XI, and XII
D) III, IV, and VI

Question 35

Which of the cranial nerves listed below provides innervation to one of the extrinsic eye muscles?

A) trigeminal
B) trochlear
C) optic
D) facial

Question 36

A person who cannot blink or smile could have damage to which cranial nerve?

A) I
B) III
C) V
D) VII

Question 37

Which cranial nerve pair has three major branches, the maxillary, mandibular, and ophthalmic divisions?

A) IV
B) V
C) VIII
D) XI
E) XII

Question 38

Which of these cranial nerve pairs do not pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A) abducens
B) oculomotor
C) optic
D) trochlear

Question 39

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which cranial nerve pair is characterized by somatic sensory fibers crossing at the ventral midline of the brain?

A) I
B) II
C) IV
D) V
E) VIII

Question 40

Which of the cranial nerves listed below is a special somatic sensory nerve?

A) facial
B) vestibulocochlear
C) accessory
D) trochlear

Question 41

Which cranial nerve pair is comprised of ventral rootlets from C₁-C₅?

A) abducens
B) accessory
C) glossopharyngeal
D) hypoglossal

Question 42

Spinal nerves are

A) present in 31 pairs.
B) located exclusively in the vertebral canal.
C) present only in the thoracic region where plexuses are absent.
D) purely sensory nerves.

Question 43

Damage to which cranial nerve pair can cause difficulties in speech and swallowing?

A) IV
B) VI
C) VIII
D) XI
E) XII

Question 44

Which of the following correctly matches the nerve of the cervical plexus with its function?

A) lesser occipital - innervates the skin of the shoulder and clavicular region
B) ansa cervicalis - innervates the infrahyoid muscles of the neck
C) greater auricular - innervates the skin of the posterolateral neck
D) supraclavicular - innervates the deep muscles of the neck

Question 45

Which cranial nerve, similar to cranial nerve II, runs through a canal with the same name?

A) IV
B) V
C) VIII
D) XI
E) XII

Question 46

The lateral cord of the brachial plexus forms directly from

A) the upper, middle, and lower trunks.
B) the posterior divisions of the middle and lower trunks.
C) the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks.
D) roots C₇-T₁.

Question 47

The muscles that initiate flexion at the elbow joint (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve from the lateral cord?

A) radial
B) median
C) ulnar
D) musculocutaneous

Question 48

The spinal root of which cranial nerve pair innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

A) IV
B) V
C) VIII
D) XI
E) XII

Question 49

The major nerve plexus to the upper limbs is the

A) brachial plexus.
B) sacral plexus.
C) cervical plexus.
D) lumbar plexus.

Question 50

Which of these nerves does not arise primarily from the brachial plexus?

A) median
B) phrenic
C) radial
D) ulnar

Question 51

Sensory impulses from the skin would be transmitted into the spinal cord on the

A) ventral root.
B) dorsal root.
C) sympathetic nerve pathway.
D) pathway of parasympathetic neurons.

Question 52

The cranial nerves innervate the tongue (sensory or motor) include all of the following except the

A) trigeminal.
B) facial.
C) glossopharyngeal.
D) accessory.

Question 53

If one likens a spinal nerve to the trunk of a tree, then the two roots of this tree are the dorsal and ventral roots. What would represent the two large branches of this tree? In other words, moving away from the spinal cord, the spinal nerve branches into the

A) rami communicantes.
B) dorsal and ventral root ganglia.
C) ventral and dorsal rami.
D) the brachial plexus.

Question 54

The only cranial nerve that travels into the abdomen is the

A) vagus.
B) hypoglossal.
C) glossopharyngeal.
D) vestibulocochlear.

Question 55

Contraction rate of the diaphragm is controlled by which nerve?

A) phrenic
B) vagus
C) trigeminal
D) trochlear

Question 56

Which of these statements about intercostal nerves is true?

A) They are part of a nerve plexus.
B) They innervate only the intercostal muscles.
C) They are the ventral rami of T₁-T₁₁ spinal nerves and lie just inferior to ribs 1-11.
D) They consist of 9 pairs.

Question 57

Which cranial nerve pair along with the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves, exits through the jugular foramen?

A) IV
B) V
C) VIII
D) XI
E) XII

Question 58

What is the only cranial nerve that has fibers that enter and leave the skull through different foramina? (Hint: It enters through the foramen magnum and leaves through the jugular foramen.)

A) VI
B) XII
C) XI
D) I

Question 59

Starting at the spinal cord and proceeding distally, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are

A) rami, trunks, divisions, cords.
B) rami, divisions, cords, trunks.
C) divisions, rami, trunks, cords.
D) trunks, divisions, cords, rami.

Question 60

The phrenic nerve receives fibers from

A) C₃-C₅.
B) T₁-T₇.
C) CN X.
D) CN XI.

Question 61

All of the special senses, taste, smell, vision, hearing, and equilibrium, are part of the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 62

The primary nerve to muscles of the anterior thigh is the

A) sciatic.
B) obturator.
C) sural.
D) femoral.

Question 63

In shingles, the virus lies within the cell bodies of a dorsal root (sensory) ganglion. When the virus is active, it causes painful blisters along a strip of skin on the trunk. Knowing your anatomy, why does it only affect a thin strip of skin?

A) The virus follows the dermatome associated with the spinal nerve connected to the affected dorsal root ganglion.
B) The virus only affects the skin of the back near the affected dorsal root ganglion.
C) The virus follows the lines of cleavage of the skin.
D) The virus only travels vertically along the trunk due to gravity.

Question 64

Which of these nerves arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A) median
B) musculocutaneous
C) radial
D) ulnar

Question 65

Which of the following regions is not innervated by nerves of the sacral plexus (L₄ - S₄)?

A) posterior thigh
B) medial thigh muscles
C) foot
D) external genitalia

Question 66

Which spinal nerve relays motor impulses to the muscles of the posterior forearm?

A) ulnar
B) median
C) axillary
D) radial

Question 67

A lesion/injury to the radial nerve causes

A) footdrop, or an inability to dorsiflex the foot
B) claw hand, or flexion of the fingers due to lack of innervation of the interossei muscles.
C) an inability to flex the wrist.
D) wrist-drop, or an inability to extend the wrist.

Question 68

The tibial and common fibular nerves branch from the ________ nerve.

A) sciatic
B) pudendal
C) axillary
D) femoral

Question 69

Anesthetic injection to which nerve may block pain in the perineum during childbirth?

A) sciatic
B) femoral
C) pudendal
D) obturator

Question 70

Hiltons law states that a joint is innervated by

A) any nerve that innervates the muscles that move it or skin over it.
B) a branch of the spinal nerve that travels directly to the joint.
C) no nerves, as joints aren't innervated.
D) branches of efferent nerves only.

Question 71

An injury to the ulnar nerve causes

A) weakness in hand movement and a lack of sensation long the medial aspect of the hand.
B) significant weakness with wrist flexion and movement of the thumb.
C) a lack of sensation along the lateral aspect of the forearm.
D) weakness with extension of the forearm and arm.

Question 72

A dermatome is

A) the muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve.
B) the region of skin innervated by a single terminal branch of the brachial plexus.
C) all organs innervated by a single spinal nerve.
D) the region of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve.

Question 73

A lesion to the common fibular nerve causes

A) footdrop, or the inability to dorsiflex the foot
B) paralysis of the peroneal muscles.
C) an inability to flex the great toe.
D) an inability to plantarflex the foot.

Question 74

Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions are part of the somatic motor nervous division.

Question 75

When you contract your Biceps brachii muscle, you are utilizing the somatic sensory portion of the nervous system.

Question 76

The peripheral nerves reach the organs or structures that they innervate during week ________ of development.

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 8

Question 77

The nerve that forms from fibers of both the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus is the

A) median.
B) axillary.
C) ulnar.
D) musculocutaneous.

Question 78

What specific dermatome lies at the level of the navel?

A) C₂
B) S₄
C) T₁₀
D) T₁

Question 79

The gastrocnemius muscle is innervated by the ________ nerve.

A) obturator
B) common peroneal
C) tibial
D) femoral

Question 80

Spinal nerves found at the level of L₄ to about S₄ form the

A) lumbar plexus.
B) femoral plexus.
C) sacral plexus.
D) thoracic plexus.