Deck 15: The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Sensory Neurons

Question 1

Which of these is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

A) production of goose bumps
B) constriction of the pupils
C) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
D) contraction of the bladder wall in urination

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the aortic plexus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system originate in the

A) thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.
B) higher brain centers.
C) chain and prevertebral ganglia.
D) brain stem and the sacral region of the spinal cord.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the left vagus nerve?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Postganglionic neurons in the pterygopalatine ganglion

A) are very active when you cry.
B) are adrenergic.
C) run from the head to the abdomen.
D) are primarily sympathetic fibers.

Question 6

The trunk ganglia contain what kind of cell bodies?

A) preganglionic parasympathetic
B) postganglionic parasympathetic
C) preganglionic sympathetic
D) postganglionic sympathetic

Question 7

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the pelvic sympathetic trunk?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the celiac ganglion and plexus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

Cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the

A) dorsal root ganglia.
B) intramural ganglia.
C) lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
D) sympathetic trunk.

Question 10

Division of the ANS most active when the body is at rest describes the

A) parasympathetic division.
B) sympathetic division.
C) autonomic nervous system.

Question 11

Another name for the ANS is the

A) general visceral motor system.
B) general somatic motor system.
C) branchial motor system.
D) general peripheral nervous system.

Question 12

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the cardiac plexus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Which autonomic division increases heart rate?

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) cranial

Question 14

Which of these characteristics definitively distinguishes the autonomic nervous system from the somatic motor system?

A) cell bodies outside the CNS
B) cell bodies within the CNS
C) cholinergic fibers
D) myelinated axons

Question 15

The ________ division of the ANS is most active during vigorous exercise.

A) parasympathetic
B) sympathetic
C) autonomic
D) somatic

Question 16

In which autonomic division do nerve cell bodies lie closest to the organs being innervated?

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) visceral sensory
D) somatic motor

Question 17

Which of these is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division?

A) branched fibers
B) cholinergic fibers
C) intramural ganglia
D) myelinated fibers

Question 18

Which of these is not innervated by the ANS?

A) cardiac muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) skeletal muscle
D) glands

Question 19

This division can also be called the craniosacral division.

A) parasympathetic division
B) sympathetic division
C) autonomic nervous system

Question 20

The ________ division of the ANS is responsible for the fight-or-flight response.

A) parasympathetic
B) sympathetic
C) autonomic
D) somatic

Question 21

Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers of the head travel within the

A) accessory nerve.
B) facial nerve.
C) trigeminal nerve.
D) vestibulocochlear nerve.

Question 22

Which of the following cranial nerves does not supply parasympathetic fibers to the head?

A) oculomotor
B) facial
C) vagus
D) glossopharyngeal

Question 23

A descriptive term that identifies the type of neurotransmitter released by sympathetic postganglionic fibers.

A) postganglionic neuron
B) adrenergic
C) medulla
D) cholinergic
E) cortical

Question 24

Over 90% of all preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are in cranial nerve

A) III.
B) V.
C) VII.
D) X.

Question 25

The cell bodies of postganglionic neurons that stimulate secretion of the parotid gland are in the

A) superior cervical ganglion.
B) submandibular ganglion.
C) otic ganglion.
D) sphenopalatine ganglion.

Question 26

All of the following plexuses contain fibers from the vagus nerve except the

A) otic.
B) esophageal.
C) celiac.
D) superior mesenteric.

Question 27

Focusing the eye on a nearby object in the field of vision is a function of which division of the ANS?

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) cranial

Question 28

Two of the named parasympathetic ganglia are the

A) celiac and superior mesenteric.
B) inferior and superior hypogastric.
C) ciliary and pterygopalatine.
D) chain and prevertebral.

Question 29

The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by

A) peripheral ganglia near the organs, and short postganglionic fibers.
B) peripheral ganglia near the organs, and long postganglionic fibers.
C) peripheral ganglia near the spinal cord, and short postganglionic fibers.
D) peripheral ganglia near the spinal cord, and long postganglionic fibers.

Question 30

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of respiratory bronchioles in the lungs?

A) constriction
B) dilation
C) decreased secretion of mucus
D) no effect

Question 31

Parasympathetic ganglia that are located within the walls of the innervated organs are called

A) collateral ganglia.
B) dorsal root ganglia.
C) intramural ganglia.
D) paravertebral ganglia.

Question 32

Division that is dominant during rest, digestion, and excretion.

A) parasympathetic
B) enteric
C) hypogastric
D) sympathetic
E) cholinergic

Question 33

Which one of these is solely innervated by the parasympathetic division?

A) adipose tissue
B) arrector pili muscle of the hair follicle
C) ciliary muscle of the eye
D) sweat glands

Question 34

Which division of the autonomic nervous system has preganglionic fibers within the facial nerve?

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) CNS

Question 35

All of the following, except for the ________, have only sympathetic innervation.

A) blood vessels.
B) sweat glands.
C) arrector pili.
D) salivary glands.

Question 36

Sacral nerves carrying parasympathetic innervation to the pelvic organs are called

A) pelvic splanchnic nerves.
B) sacral splanchnic nerves.
C) thoracic splanchnic nerves.
D) vagus nerve.
E) enteric nervous system.

Question 37

Cranial parasympathetic outflow is contained in all of the following cranial nerves except the

A) accessory.
B) facial.
C) glossopharyngeal.
D) vagus.

Question 38

Parasympathetic impulses to the stomach pass through the

A) celiac plexus.
B) esophageal plexus.
C) inferior hypogastric plexus.
D) superior mesenteric plexus.

Question 39

The ________ nerve provides the main parasympathetic innervation to the heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera.

A) trigeminal
B) celiac
C) vagus
D) phrenic

Question 40

A class of preganglionic fibers present in both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

A) celiac
B) adrenergic
C) medullary
D) cholinergic
E) cortical

Question 41

Which of these statements concerning the sympathetic division is incorrect?

A) The preganglionic cell bodies form the lateral gray horn in some areas of the spinal cord.
B) It does not include the collateral ganglia.
C) There is approximately one chain ganglion for each spinal nerve.
D) It is more complex than the parasympathetic system because it supplies more structures than the parasympathetic system does.

Question 42

The ANS stimulates cardiac muscle as well as smooth muscle and glands. Which of the following nerves carries autonomic fibers that increase the rate of cardiac muscle contraction?

A) phrenic nerves
B) sympathetic nerves from the thoracolumbar spinal cord
C) vagus nerves
D) sympathetic nerves from the middle and inferior cervical ganglion

Question 43

Identify the pathway that correctly traces the movement of preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

A) dorsal root to gray ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion
B) dorsal root to sympathetic trunk ganglion to gray ramus communicans
C) ventral root to sympathetic trunk ganglion to white ramus communicans
D) ventral root to white ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion

Question 44

The adrenal medulla is comprised of modified sympathetic neurons which secrete the excitatory hormones

A) acetylcholine and epinephrine.
B) epinephrine and norepinephrine.
C) acetylcholine and norepinephrine.
D) ADH and aldosterone.

Question 45

Network of autonomic axons giving rise to nerves of the pelvic organs.

A) aortic plexus
B) pulmonary plexus
C) inferior hypogastric plexus
D) stellate ganglion
E) dorsal root ganglion

Question 46

Which of these statements concerning gray rami communicantes is incorrect?

A) They carry postganglionic fibers to peripheral structures.
B) Their fibers are unmyelinated.
C) They contain all the preganglionic fibers traveling to the sympathetic chain.
D) They are associated with sympathetic trunk ganglia.

Question 47

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all of the following except

A) constriction of most blood vessels.
B) dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles.
C) increase in heart rate and force.
D) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera.

Question 48

Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion?

A) in the head
B) in the cervical region
C) in the armpit
D) alongside the vertebral column

Question 49

The sympathetic system causes

A) decreased blood glucose and peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure.
B) increased blood glucose and peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure.
C) increased blood glucose, heart rate, and blood pressure, and decreased peristalsis.
D) decreased blood glucose, heart rate, and blood pressure, and increased peristalsis.

Question 50

Cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the

A) dorsal root ganglia.
B) intramural ganglia.
C) lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord.
D) sympathetic trunk.

Question 51

Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the

A) craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.
B) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine.
C) craniosacral regions, and the postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine.
D) thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.

Question 52

Another name for a chain ganglion is ________ ganglion.

A) collateral
B) paravertebral
C) prevertebral
D) intramural

Question 53

What stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete its excitatory neurohormones?

A) postganglionic sympathetic neurons
B) preganglionic sympathetic neurons
C) preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
D) postganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Question 54

Which of these statements is not a characteristic of collateral ganglia of the sympathetic division?

A) They lie in the abdomen and pelvis.
B) They are paired and segmented.
C) They lie anterior to the vertebral column.
D) They are located mostly on the abdominal aorta.

Question 55

Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the sweat glands in the skin?

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) integumentary

Question 56

The adrenal medulla is stimulated by preganglionic neurons localized to gray matter of the spinal cord in the

A) cervical region.
B) upper thoracic region.
C) lower thoracic region.
D) lower lumbar region.

Question 57

Which of these statements concerning the glossopharyngeal nerve is incorrect?

A) The preganglionic fibers originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus.
B) The pre- and postganglionic fibers travel in this nerve.
C) The pre- and postganglionic fibers synapse in the otic ganglion.
D) Stimulation induces secretion from the parotid gland.

Question 58

Short nerve branches that connect the ventral rami or spinal nerves to the sympathetic ganglia.

A) hypothalamus
B) medulla
C) medulla oblongata
D) rami communicantes
E) sympathetic trunk

Question 59

Which division of the nervous system is characterized by highly branched postganglionic fibers that innervate multiple organs?

A) parasympathetic
B) somatic motor
C) sympathetic
D) visceral sensory

Question 60

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of

A) parasympathetic innervation.
B) sympathetic stimulation.
C) vagus nerve activity.
D) reflex control.

Question 61

Location in the brain of the cardiorespiratory and vasomotor control centers.

A) hypothalamus
B) medulla
C) medulla oblongata
D) rami communicantes
E) sympathetic trunk

Question 62

Which of the following autonomic plexuses does not lie on the aorta or on the main branches of the aorta?

A) celiac
B) superior mesenteric
C) inferior mesenteric
D) inferior hypogastric

Question 63

Parasympathetic stimulation of the pelvic organs causes defecation, voiding of urine, and erection.

Question 64

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions can be distinguished by the amount of branching of the post-ganglionic fibers.

Question 65

Disease or infection which causes damage to the sympathetic trunk on one side of the inferior neck can result in

A) Hirschsprung's disease.
B) mass reflex.
C) Horner's Syndrome.
D) Raynaud's disease.

Question 66

Three-neuron reflex arcs that exist entirely within the walls of the digestive tract.

A) rami communicantes
B) enteric nervous system
C) inferior hypogastric plexi
D) sympathetic trunks
E) cholinergic fibers

Question 67

The part of the brain that exerts the most control over autonomic functioning is the

A) hypothalamus.
B) thalamus.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) cerebellum.

Question 68

Control of temperature, of autonomic nervous reflexes, of hunger, and of sleep are functions associated with the

A) medulla.
B) cerebellum.
C) hypothalamus.
D) thalamus.

Question 69

The defecation and urination reflexes are integrated in the

A) brain stem.
B) cerebral cortex.
C) hypothalamus.
D) spinal cord.

Question 70

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers are relatively long compared to those of the parasympathetic division.

Question 71

Parasympathetic stimulation of blood vessels causes vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure.

Question 72

The micturition (urination) reflex is controlled by a parasympathetic reflex pathway in which

A) the preganglionic neurons are in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in the brain.
B) the preganglionic cell bodies are in the wall of the bladder.
C) the preganglionic axons occur in pelvic splanchnic nerves.
D) the postganglionic axons occur in the celiac plexus.

Question 73

Preganglionic fibers are myelinated, whereas postganglionic fibers are unmyelinated.

Question 74

The overall integrating center for the ANS.

A) hypothalamus
B) medulla
C) medulla oblongata
D) rami communicantes
E) sympathetic trunk

Question 75

A nurse encountered a patient 3 months after the patient had sustained a crushing injury to his cervical spinal cord at the level of C₆. Although the patient was paralyzed, his limbs were thrashing, his face was bright red, and he was sweating profusely. What was happening?

A) Horner's syndrome
B) vagotomy
C) mass reflex
D) Raynaud's disease

Question 76

Which of the following disorders of the sympathetic division does not involve a problem with blood vessels?

A) mass reflex reaction
B) congenital megacolon
C) Raynaud's disease
D) hypertension

Question 77

Adrenergic hormones are secreted into the bloodstream in this region of the adrenal gland.

A) hypothalamus
B) medulla
C) cortex
D) rami communicantes
E) sympathetic trunk

Question 78

This structure contains modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons that lack nerve processes.

A) adrenal medulla
B) collateral ganglion
C) stellate ganglion
D) sympathetic chain ganglion

Question 79

Fibers from the cranial and sacral regions of the spinal cord contribute to the sympathetic division.

Question 80

Visceral pain results from all the following except

A) cutting of an organ.
B) chemical irritation of an organ.
C) excessive stretch of an organ.
D) inflammation of an organ.