Deck 2: Cells: the Living Units

Question 1

Hormones are secreted by

A) phagocytosis.
B) pinocytosis.
C) exocytosis.
D) osmosis.
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the plasma membrane?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Materials that are to be exocytosed by cells are enclosed in vesicles synthesized by the

A) nucleosome.
B) ribosome.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) mitochondrion.
E) lysosome.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The endocytotic process in which small vesicles of fluid are brought into the cell is called

A) phagocytosis.
B) pinocytosis.
C) exocytosis.
D) xenocytosis.
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 5

Embedded in the plasma membrane of cells, cholesterol molecules act to

A) stabilize the membrane.
B) make the membrane more resistant to freezing.
C) destabilize the membrane, leading to heart attacks.
D) participate in pinocytosis.
E) allow water to easily pass through the plasma membrane.

Question 6

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the mitochondrion?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Which type of endocytosis ingests the most specific type of molecule?

A) fluid-phase endocytosis
B) phagocytosis
C) pinocytosis
D) receptor-mediated endocytosis
E) vesiclcytosis

Question 8

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane?

A) protect the internal aspect of the cell from substances outside the cell.
B) breaking down and digesting unwanted substances within the cell.
C) binding specific molecules arriving from outside of the cell.
D) selectively controlling the substances that enter or leave the cell.
E) moving specific substances from outside the cell to inside the cell.

Question 9

Hypercholesterolemia is an inherited disease in which the body's cells lack protein receptors that bind to cholesterol-delivering low-density lipoproteins. Based on your knowledge of cell anatomy, what do you think a consequence of the lack of this receptor may be?

A) Cholesterol will not bind to the receptor and enter the cell.
B) Cholesterol will not exit the cell via exocytosis.
C) The lipids in the plasma membrane will break down, resulting in death of the cell.
D) Ribosomes will not be able to make proteins.
E) Rough endoplasmic reticulum will not be able to break down lipids.

Question 10

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the Golgi apparatus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Membrane-bound organelles have the same type of membrane as the plasma membrane except

A) for the absence of a glycocalyx.
B) for the absence of cholesterol.
C) the nonpolar tails face outward.
D) they are all covered with ribosomes.

Question 12

Which of the following is associated with protein synthesis?

A) mitochondria
B) ribosomes
C) chloroplasts
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E) Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Phospholipids of the plasma membrane are arranged

A) around a central layer of cholesterol.
B) in a single layer with polar heads facing outwards.
C) as a bilayer with their nonpolar tails sandwiched between the polar heads.
D) as a bilayer with their polar heads sandwiched between the nonpolar tails.
E) as a bilayer with the polar heads facing the nonpolar tails.

Question 14

The plasma membrane is important for all the following reasons except

A) it determines what substances enter and exit the cell.
B) it separates the extracellular fluid from the intracellular fluid.
C) it acts as a site for cell-to-cell interaction and recognition.
D) it is an important site for DNA transcription.

Question 15

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the nucleolus?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

The plasma membrane is

A) a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell.
B) a single-layered membrane enclosing the plasma.
C) the membrane surrounding the cell.
D) a membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae.
E) a double-layered membrane surrounding the mitochondria of the cell.

Question 17

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Which of the following statements about integral proteins in the plasma membrane is false?

A) Most extend all the way through the membrane.
B) Some attach to the glycocalyx.
C) They determine which molecules are transported through the membrane.
D) They are more abundant by volume than the membrane phospholipids.
E) They are involved in the transport of some water-soluble or charged molecules across the membrane.

Question 19

Each cell performs all of the function necessary to sustain life. Those functions include all of the following except

A) obtaining nutrients from the surrounding body fluids.
B) dispose of wastes.
C) replicate itself.
D) use nutrients to make the molecules it needs.
E) phagocytosing other cells.

Question 20

The plasma membrane is composed of all of the following except

A) glycoproteins.
B) tubulin protein.
C) cholesterol.
D) phospholipids.
E) integral proteins

Question 21

Which organelle is characterized by folded inner membranes called cristae?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 22

Peroxisomes function to

A) synthesize and degrade hydrogen peroxide.
B) store cellular free radicals.
C) produce pigments.
D) regulate membrane permeability.
E) synthesize integral proteins.

Question 23

Functions of the Golgi apparatus include all of the following except

A) preparing proteins for inclusion in lysosomes.
B) DNA replication.
C) plasma membrane formation.
D) production of secretory granules.
E) modifying proteins created by the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 24

Which organelle sorts, processes, and packages products made by the rough ER?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 25

Peroxisomes

A) are the toxic waste removal system of the cell.
B) are involved in the production of ATP.
C) contain some of the code necessary for their own duplication.
D) synthesize proteins for use outside the cell.
E) provide support to the cell skeleton.

Question 26

Which organelle is primarily a sac of powerful digestive enzymes called acid hydrolases?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 27

Which organelle produces ATP molecules?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 28

When a phagocytic white blood cell ingests a foreign bacterial cell, which organelle fuses with the vesicle?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 29

Which of these organelles is involved in production of cellular energy?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 30

Which organelle contains some DNA and is capable of self-replication?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 31

In the process of phagocytosis, the organelles whose enzymes break down ingested foreign cells are the

A) nucleoli.
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
C) peroxisomes.
D) lysosomes.
E) centrosomes.

Question 32

Which organelle is numerous in cells of the liver and kidney, organs involved in removing toxic substances from the body?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 33

Which membranous organelle stores calcium and is a primary site of lipid metabolism?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) mitochondrion
D) peroxisome
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

Of the following, the only organelle that has a double membrane structure is the

A) centriole.
B) Golgi apparatus.
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D) mitochondrion.
E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 35

Which organelle has both a cis and a trans face?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 36

Which of the following statements about the rough endoplasmic reticulum is false?

A) It consists of stacked envelopes called cisternae.
B) It makes the digestive enzymes contained in the lysosomes.
C) It stores lipids as inclusions.
D) It makes the integral proteins of the cell membrane.
E) It contains ribosomes on the external face of its membranes.

Question 37

Which membranous organelle contains oxidase and catalase enzymes?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 38

Ribosomes may be either free within the cytoplasm or bound to a membrane system known as the

A) Golgi apparatus.
B) microtubule organizing center.
C) cytoskeleton.
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
E) plasma membrane.

Question 39

The ________ face of the Golgi apparatus is ________ to receive spherical vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A) cis; convex
B) trans; concave
C) cis; flattened
D) trans; convex

Question 40

Which membranous organelle is the site of protein synthesis for proteins that are secreted by the cell?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 41

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates a nucleosome?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 42

Which of the following is an inclusion, not an organelle?

A) lysosome
B) microtubule
C) mitochondrion
D) glycosome
E) peroxisome.

Question 43

The mitotic spindle forms from the

A) nucleus.
B) Golgi apparatus.
C) centrosome matrix.
D) nucleolus.

Question 44

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the DNA molecule?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 45

The temporary structures in the cytoplasm include all of the following except

A) pigments.
B) glycosomes.
C) lipid droplets.
D) the Golgi apparatus.
E) protein crystals.

Question 46

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the chromatid?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 47

The elements of the cytoskeleton that are stiff but bendable, analogous to the bones of the human body, are the

A) microtubules.
B) microfilaments.
C) intermediate filaments.
D) the cytosol.

Question 48

Which of the following cytoskeleton elements are the largest in diameter?

A) microtubules
B) microfilaments
C) intermediate filaments
D) centrioles
E) actin

Question 49

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates histones?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 50

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the rough ER, but it differs from the rough ER in that it

A) is not associated with ribosomes.
B) has unique pores.
C) consists of two membranes separated by a space.
D) consists of tubes, like the smooth ER.

Question 51

The cytoskeletal elements which generate pseudopodia and contractile forces in conjunction with myosin are

A) microtubules.
B) microfilaments.
C) intermediate filaments.
D) integral proteins.

Question 52

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of the nuclear envelope?

A) separation of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm
B) regulation of passage of substances into and out of the cell membrane
C) transcription of DNA
D) protein synthesis
E) waste removal from the nucleus

Question 53

Which organelle is important in neutralizing free radicals?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) mitochondrion
D) peroxisome
E) centrioles

Question 54

In chromatin, the DNA molecule wraps around proteins called

A) nucleotides.
B) codons.
C) integral protein.
D) histones.
E) SNARE proteins

Question 55

Dyneins and kinesins are motor proteins that

A) enable a cell to send out and retract extensions called pseudopods.
B) move organelles along microtubules through the cytoplasm.
C) are molecular components of telomeres.
D) resist pulling forces that are placed on cells.
E) stabilize the cell in its location in the tissue.

Question 56

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Which letter indicates the metaphase chromosome?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 57

Which of the following does not pass through nuclear pores?

A) chromatin
B) messenger RNA
C) proteins
D) ribosomal RNA

Question 58

The nuclear envelope is continuous with which organelle?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosome
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria
E) peroxisome

Question 59

Which of the following is true regarding cytoplasmic inclusions?

A) Lipid droplets are found in all cells in the body.
B) Glycosomes store sugar in the form of glycogen.
C) Crystals of protein contain enzymes that degrade glycogen into glucose subunits.
D) Lysosomes are considered cytoplasmic inclusions.
E) Pigments are cytoplasmic inclusions that store fat.

Question 60

Which of the following is not a cytoskeleton element?

A) microtubule
B) microfilament
C) intermediate filament
D) centriole
E) myosin

Question 61

Ribosomes consist of two subunits, each surrounded by a membrane.

Question 62

Mitosis refers only to nuclear division. Separation of the entire cell following mitosis is ___.

A) meiosis.
B) karyokinesis.
C) cytokinesis.
D) telophase.
E) anaphase

Question 63

During anaphase, motor proteins attached to mitotic spindle fibers serve to

A) pull the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell.
B) pull together the replicated chromosomal strands.
C) re-form the nuclear envelope.
D) form the aster.

Question 64

The cytoskeletal elements that form a ring to "squeeze" the two daughter cells apart during cytokinesis are

A) microtubules.
B) microfilaments.
C) intermediate filaments.
D) the microtrabecular lattice.

Question 65

The longest arrays of microtubules that assemble from each centrosome during prophase form filaments called

A) mitotic spindles.
B) kinetochores.
C) asters.
D) the nuclear envelope.
E) histones.

Question 66

Chromatin is composed of DNA wound around proteins known as actin.

Question 67

Peroxisomes are important in detoxification of a number of toxic substances, for instance, hydrogen peroxide.

Question 68

The process of cellular aging may involve all of the following except

A) accumulated damage by free radicals.
B) decreased production of lysosomes.
C) excessive metabolic rate.
D) progressive shortening of telomeres.

Question 69

The smooth ER contains its own molecules of DNA.

Question 70

Transcription of DNA requires the presence of

A) centrosomes.
B) extended chromatin.
C) histones.
D) nucleosomes.

Question 71

The theory proposing that aging results from the effects of free radicals is the

A) mitochondrial theory of aging.
B) genetic theory of aging.
C) immunity theory of aging.
D) cross-linking of glucose theory of aging.

Question 72

Which cell type is correctly matched with its function?

A) erythrocyte - cell that produces movement
B) epithelial cell - cell that covers and lines organs
C) macrophages - cell that stores nutrients
D) fibroblast - cell that fights disease
E) neuron - cell of reproduction

Question 73

Which is not part of interphase?

A) G₁
B) G₂
C) M
D) S

Question 74

During mitosis, the kinetochore microtubules of the mitotic spindle

A) attach to chromatids and align them at the metaphase plate.
B) push on the chromatids.
C) anchor the centriole to the cell membrane.
D) push the two poles of the cell apart.

Question 75

During what phase of the cell cycle is the DNA duplicated?

A) metaphase
B) anaphase
C) interphase
D) prophase

Question 76

The cell that gathers information and controls body functions is a

A) macrophage.
B) fat cell.
C) sperm cell.
D) neuron.
E) muscle cell.

Question 77

During what phase of mitosis does the mitotic spindle break down and disappear?

A) metaphase
B) anaphase
C) telophase
D) late prophase

Question 78

Extended chromatin is tightly wound around histones.

Question 79

Microtubules are composed of actin.

Question 80

In the cell life cycle, DNA is replicated during

A) interphase G₁.
B) interphase S.
C) prophase I.
D) prophase II.
E) interphase G2.