Deck 25: The Reproductive System

Question 1

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating the common passageway for semen and urine in men.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating the tissue layer which is shed during menstruation.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating the gland that secretes neutralizing mucus prior to ejaculation.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating the ejaculatory duct.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

All of the following are adaptations for keeping the testes cool except the

A) descent of the testes into the scrotum before birth.
B) pampiniform plexus of veins.
C) cremaster and dartos muscles.
D) testicular artery.

Question 6

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating the cervix.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Which of the following is the primary sex organ in the male?

A) prostate
B) testis
C) epididymis
D) penis

Question 8

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating the site of sperm maturation and storage.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

The correct sequence of sperm-transporting tubules that transport spermatozoa to the epididymis is

A) seminiferous tubule to efferent ductule to straight tubule to rete testis.
B) seminiferous tubule to rete testis to straight tubule to efferent ductule.
C) seminiferous tubule to rete testis to efferent ductule to straight tubule.
D) seminiferous tubule to straight tubule to rete testis to efferent ductule.

Question 10

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating where fertilization normally occurs.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating the organ commonly referred to as the birth canal.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Sperm become motile in the

A) ductus deferens.
B) epididymis.
C) seminiferous tubules.
D) prostate.

Question 13

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating the organ that directs sperm toward the seminal vesicles during ejaculation.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating the site where ectopic pregnancies most commonly occur.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating the gland that secretes lubricating mucus into the vaginal orifice.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating the female erectile tissue homologous to the male penis.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating the infundibulum.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating the region of the uterus known as the fundus.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter indicating the "neck" of the uterus.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 20

Tubular organ that is transected during a vasectomy.

A) epididymis
B) rete testis
C) ductus deferens
D) spermatic cord
E) pampiniform plexus

Question 21

Which of the following is not contained in the fluid secreted by the seminal glands?

A) a fluorescent pigment
B) fructose
C) macrophages
D) prostaglandins

Question 22

All of the following are located within the spermatic cord except the

A) superficial inguinal ring.
B) ductus deferens.
C) pampiniform plexus.
D) testicular artery.

Question 23

Of the following tubular structures, which is the only one that lies partly outside the testis?

A) tubulus rectus
B) seminiferous tubule
C) rete testis
D) efferent ductule

Question 24

The function of the pampiniform plexus of veins is to

A) help prevent hernias.
B) help cool blood.
C) form the outer wall of the spermatic cord.
D) form hydroceles.

Question 25

Inguinal hernias

A) always reach the scrotum.
B) always enter the inguinal canal.
C) occur with equal frequency in males and females.
D) are signs of old age and almost never congenital.

Question 26

The structural basis of the blood-testis barrier is

A) the basal lamina around the seminiferous tubules.
B) the endothelial cells of the continuous (non-fenestrated) capillaries that supply the seminiferous tubules.
C) the tight junctions between sustentocytes.
D) the thick basal lamina around the capillaries that supply the seminiferous tubules.

Question 27

All of the following are functions of the sustentocytes in the seminiferous tubules except

A) secretion of androgen-binding protein.
B) secretion of testicular fluid.
C) secretion of testosterone.
D) phagocytosis of excess cytoplasm from spermatids during spermiogenesis.

Question 28

The function of the cremaster muscle is to

A) squeeze semen from the urethra during ejaculation.
B) maintain erection in both sexes.
C) increase intra-abdominal pressure during childbirth.
D) alter the position of the testes in the scrotal sac with increases in ambient temperature.

Question 29

Sperm are moved from the testis into the epididymis by

A) swimming under their own power.
B) gravity.
C) suction.
D) testicular fluid moved by cilia and smooth muscle cells.

Question 30

Tubules that connect testicular lobules with the efferent ductules of the epididymis.

A) seminiferous tubules
B) rete testis
C) pampiniform plexus
D) ductus deferens
E) straight tubules

Question 31

The seminal vesicles

A) store sperm.
B) are glands that secrete most of the volume of the semen.
C) secrete digestive enzymes when cancerous.
D) empty into the epididymis.

Question 32

The cells that secrete estrogens in females are

A) oocytes.
B) cells in the pituitary gland.
C) granulosa cells.
D) germinal epithelium of the ovary.

Question 33

Erection is caused by

A) a jointed bone in the penis that unfolds.
B) the penis filling up with semen that is about to be ejaculated.
C) erectile bodies filling with blood.
D) impulses from the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 34

By undergoing meiosis, each primary spermatocyte ultimately gives rise to how many sperm cells?

A) two
B) four
C) eight
D) billions

Question 35

Which testicular cells help deliver sperm to the epididymis by contracting rhythmically?

A) interstitial
B) myoid
C) sustentocytes
D) type A spermatocytes

Question 36

Involuntary contraction of this smooth muscle layer wrinkles and thickens the walls of the scrotum to prevent heat loss.

A) tunica albuginea
B) tunica vaginalis
C) dartos muscle
D) cremaster muscle
E) internal spermatic fascia

Question 37

The typical (diploid) cells of the body have 46 chromosomes; how many chromosomes does each gamete have?

A) 23
B) 46
C) 46 pairs
D) 184

Question 38

The deep inguinal ring is formed by the

A) extension of the external oblique muscle.
B) extension of the internal oblique muscle.
C) fascia layer deep to the transversus abdominis muscle.
D) cremaster muscle.

Question 39

Which of the following organs does not contribute secretion(s) during the male sexual response?

A) prostate
B) seminal vesicles
C) bulbourethral glands
D) corpus cavernosum

Question 40

The epithelium lining the vagina is

A) simple columnar.
B) stratified squamous.
C) pseudostratified columnar.
D) simple squamous.

Question 41

The vaginal fornix

A) is in the superior part of the vestibule.
B) surrounds the tip of the cervix.
C) is in the middle layer of the vaginal wall.
D) surrounds the external vaginal orifice.

Question 42

The female uterine cycle begins

A) at ovulation.
B) on the first day of menstruation.
C) at the end of menstruation.
D) every six weeks.

Question 43

During the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle, these vessels grow and proliferate.

A) arcuate arteries
B) radial arteries
C) spiral arteries
D) straight arteries

Question 44

In an adult woman who has never been pregnant, the breasts have poorly developed or no

A) lobules of acini/alveoli.
B) lactiferous sinuses.
C) suspensory ligaments.
D) areolar glands.

Question 45

The prepuce of the clitoris is formed by the

A) fourchette.
B) hymen of the vagina.
C) labia minora.
D) the mons pubis.

Question 46

The most common site of ectopic pregnancy is the

A) uterus.
B) peritoneal cavity.
C) vagina.
D) uterine tube.

Question 47

Which of the following anchors the uterus into its anteverted position in the pelvis?

A) broad ligament
B) ovarian ligament
C) round ligament
D) suspensory ligament

Question 48

The ________ is the fluid-filled cavity in a mature ovarian follicle.

A) zona pellucidum
B) antrum
C) corona radiate
D) follicular theca
E) granulosa

Question 49

The ovarian cortex consists of

A) follicles and connective tissue.
B) the largest blood vessels of the ovary.
C) the hilus of the ovary.
D) the mesovarium.

Question 50

The ________ phase of the uterine cycle occurs after ovulation.

A) proliferative
B) secretory
C) luteal
D) menstrual

Question 51

The largest region of the uterus is its

A) fundus.
B) body.
C) cervix.
D) fornix.

Question 52

In addition to the remaining granulosa cells, which of the following cell types make up the corpus luteum?

A) oocyte
B) theca cells
C) cells of the corona radiata
D) interstitial cells

Question 53

One factor that propels an oocyte through the uterine tube is

A) pressure exerted by ovarian fluid.
B) smooth muscle contraction (peristalsis).
C) secretions of the non-ciliated cells.
D) amoeboid motion of the oocyte.

Question 54

The opening of the oviduct is surrounded by these structures.

A) internal os
B) external os
C) fimbriae
D) isthmus
E) transverse cervical (cardinal) ligaments

Question 55

The zona pellucida is

A) the portion of the placenta in which maternal blood contacts fetal tissues.
B) a protective shell around the oocyte that sperm must penetrate for fertilization to occur.
C) the region of the uterine tube where fertilization occurs.
D) the remnant of the vesicular follicle that becomes the corpus luteum.

Question 56

In which part of the uterine tube does fertilization usually occur?

A) ampulla
B) isthmus
C) infundibulum
D) It doesn't occur in the uterine tubes.

Question 57

Most support of the uterus is provided by the

A) mesometrium.
B) round ligament.
C) transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament.
D) muscles of the pelvic floor.

Question 58

A woman has developed a cancerous lump in each breast, and the skin of the breasts is dimpled. What structure(s) is/are causing the dimpling?

A) pectoralis major muscle
B) pectoralis minor muscle
C) smooth muscle cells around the ducts of the large glands in the breast
D) suspensory ligaments of the breast

Question 59

The milk-producing cells in the breast are

A) adipose cells (because milk contains 4% fat).
B) columnar epithelial cells in lobules.
C) simple cuboidal epithelial cells in alveoli.
D) endocrine cells.

Question 60

Which of the following statements about pelvic inflammatory disease is incorrect?

A) It can lead to sterility.
B) It is usually caused by chlamydia or gonorrhea.
C) It includes salpingitis.
D) It inhibits ovulation.

Question 61

A hydrocele

A) occurs in females only.
B) is a series of varicosities of the pampiniform plexus.
C) is an outpocketing of peritoneum and intestines that have pushed through the abdominal wall.
D) is excess serous fluid in the scrotum.

Question 62

This multinucleate embryonic structure invades the uterus, digesting cells and maternal blood vessels to make way for development of the placenta.

A) syncytiotrophoblast
B) morula
C) inner cell mass
D) decidua basalis
E) decidua capsularis

Question 63

This layer of the uterus contracts during parturition to expel the baby.

A) perimetrium
B) stratum functionalis
C) stratum basalis
D) myometrium
E) endometrium

Question 64

Fingerlike placental structures where oxygen and nutrients from the maternal blood supply diffuse into the embryonic blood.

A) syncytiotrophoblast
B) allantois
C) amnion
D) chorionic villi
E) extraembryonic membranes

Question 65

Which structure develops into the umbilical cord?

A) body stalk
B) chorionic villi
C) decidua capsularis
D) placenta

Question 66

Hypospadias

A) never occurs in females.
B) is characterized by the absence of a urethra.
C) cannot be detected through an examination of the outside of a baby's body.
D) has no effects until puberty, when males start producing sperm.

Question 67

The placenta consists of which two structures?

A) chorionic villi and amnion
B) chorionic villi and decidua basalis
C) cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
D) decidua basalis and decidua capsularis

Question 68

A difference between a primary follicle and a primordial follicle is that

A) one has an antrum and the other does not.
B) the oocyte is larger in the primordial follicle.
C) the primary follicle is an earlier stage than the primordial follicle.
D) the primordial follicle has only a single layer of flat follicular cells, whereas the primary follicle is comprised of cuboidal follicle cells which multiply.

Question 69

Which of the following pairs of structures is not derived from the same embryonic tissues?

A) ductus deferens, uterine tube
B) penis, clitoris
C) spongy urethra, labia minora
D) testes, ovaries

Question 70

In breast cancer, the cancer cells usually originate from the

A) lactiferous ducts.
B) cuboidal acinar cells.
C) fat cells in the breast.
D) endothelium of the lymph vessels in the breasts.

Question 71

The female homologue of the male scrotum is the

A) ovary.
B) labia majora.
C) penile urethra.
D) bulb of the vestibule.

Question 72

The capillaries within a chorionic villus of the placenta contain blood

A) from the fetus.
B) from the mother.
C) from both the fetus and the mother.
D) from the ovarian artery.

Question 73

The usual site of embryo implantation is the

A) uterus.
B) peritoneal cavity.
C) vagina.
D) uterine tube.

Question 74

The acrosomal reaction occurs

A) just before fertilization.
B) during meiosis of the sperm.
C) during spermiogenesis.
D) during placentation.

Question 75

Which of the following occurs when the testes do not descend into the scrotum before birth?

A) Male sex hormones will not circulate in the body.
B) Sperm will have no route of exit from the body.
C) Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes.
D) Viable sperm will not be produced.

Question 76

In females, the paramesonephric ducts give rise to the

A) ovaries.
B) vestibule in the vulva.
C) corpora cavernosa (erectile bodies).
D) uterine tubes and uterus.

Question 77

At what point during fetal development are the decidua basalis and chorionic villi collectively referred to as the placenta?

A) the first month
B) the ninth month
C) the start of fourth month
D) the end of second month

Question 78

An episiotomy during childbirth is performed to

A) save the baby's life.
B) minimize tearing of the central tendon and muscles of the pelvic floor.
C) prevent the anal canal from being crushed.
D) eliminate the pain to the mother.

Question 79

In the early fetus, all of the following are parts of the chorionic villi except the

A) syncytiotrophoblast.
B) cytotrophoblast.
C) extraembryonic mesoderm.
D) decidua.

Question 80

Which structure is not derived from the embryonic paramesonephric ducts?

A) cervix
B) clitoris
C) upper vagina
D) uterine tube