Deck 20: Blood Vessels

Question 1

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the subendothelial layer associated with larger blood vessels.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Fenestrated capillaries

A) are located in the central nervous system.
B) have pores in their walls.
C) permit the movement of very few molecules.
D) occur in most of the organs of the body.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the blood vessel layer that is comprised of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the layer common to all blood vessels regardless of their size.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Which layer of blood vessels contains smooth muscle tissue?

A) tunica intima
B) tunica media
C) tunica externa
D) tunica adventitia

Question 6

Most small molecules pass through a capillary wall through which route?

A) via direct diffusion through the endothelium
B) via pinocytotic vesicles
C) through intercellular clefts
D) through tight junctions

Question 7

Blood pressure is highest in the

A) elastic arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) veins.
D) capillaries.

Question 8

The diameter of a typical capillary is similar to that of

A) a venule.
B) a sinusoid.
C) an erythrocyte.
D) a fat cell.

Question 9

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a connective tissue layer consisting of longitudinal collagen fibers.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Capillaries consist of only this layer.

A) tunica intima
B) subendothelial layer
C) tunica media
D) tunica externa
E) vasa vasorum

Question 11

Which of the following statements about arterioles is false?

A) They regulate the flow of blood to capillary beds through contraction and relaxation of the tunica media.
B) They redirect blood flow to skeletal muscle in a sympathetic response.
C) They can lead into metarterioles.
D) They have the largest content of smooth muscle in their tunica media.

Question 12

The layer of blood vessels innervated by sympathetic vasomotor fibers is called the

A) tunica intima
B) subendothelial layer
C) tunica media
D) tunica externa
E) vasa vasorum

Question 13

The vasa vasorum

A) supply the outer half of the walls of larger arteries and veins with oxygen and nutrients.
B) are located in the tunica media.
C) disrupt the collagen and weaken the walls of large vessels.
D) are only found in small blood vessels.

Question 14

The largest molecules that pass through the walls of typical capillaries are thought to use which route?

A) direct diffusion through the endothelium
B) pinocytotic vesicles
C) intercellular clefts
D) tight junctions

Question 15

Wide leaky capillaries found in bone marrow and spleen.

A) sinusoids
B) fenestrated capillaries
C) continuous capillaries
D) metarterioles
E) none of the above

Question 16

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that is indicating the lumen.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Present in most capillaries, these structures are absent in those of the blood-brain barrier.

A) tight junctions
B) endothelial cells
C) basement membrane
D) intercellular clefts
E) pericytes

Question 18

Vessels of the small intestines, renal glomerulus, and synovial membranes that allow passage of fluid and solutes through "windows" in the endothelium.

A) sinusoids
B) fenestrated capillaries
C) continuous capillaries
D) metarterioles
E) none of the above

Question 19

Microvasculature that provides nourishment to the outer walls of the aorta is called the

A) tunica intima
B) subendothelial layer
C) tunica media
D) tunica externa
E) vasa vasorum

Question 20

A blood vessel that ranges from 0.3 mm to about 1 cm in diameter and has a large tunica media relative to the size of the lumen is

A) an elastic artery.
B) a muscular artery.
C) an arteriole.
D) a capillary.

Question 21

In the pulmonary circuit

A) the right and left pulmonary arteries carry blood directly from the right ventricle.
B) the pulmonary veins carry deoxygenated blood.
C) the pulmonary veins drain into the right ventricle.
D) the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood.

Question 22

What artery enters the skull through the foramen spinosum and supplies the inner surface of the parietal bone, dura mater, and parts of the temporal bone?

A) internal carotid artery
B) middle cerebral artery
C) middle meningeal artery
D) basilar artery

Question 23

A "coming together" of alternate pathways of blood vessels.

A) thoroughfare channel
B) vasa vasorum
C) metarterioles
D) vascular anastomosis
E) converging veins

Question 24

By definition, veins are

A) vessels that carry blood toward the heart.
B) vessels that always carry nutrient-poor blood.
C) the only vessels that lead from capillaries.
D) vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood.

Question 25

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the brachial artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 26

In a capillary bed, relaxation of the precapillary sphincters causes more blood to flow

A) into the thoroughfare channels.
B) into the arterioles.
C) through the true capillaries.
D) through the metarterioles.

Question 27

Why do the arteries and veins of the pulmonary circuit have thinner walls than arteries and veins of the systemic circuit?

A) The pressure against the walls of the vessels is much lower in the pulmonary circuit than the systemic circuit.
B) The pulmonary arteries lack a tunica externa.
C) The systemic arteries have fewer elastic fibers than the pulmonary arteries.
D) The tunica media is significantly thinner in the systemic circuit than the pulmonary circuit.

Question 28

The cerebral arterial circle forms a loop around which structures?

A) the great vessels at the base of the heart
B) the internal and external carotid arteries
C) the cerebellum
D) the pituitary gland and the optic chiasma

Question 29

What prevents the backflow of blood in veins?

A) valves
B) the narrowed lumen
C) thick smooth muscle and elastic layers
D) increased blood pressure

Question 30

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the renal artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 31

The correct proximal to distal sequence of the three vessels branching from the aortic arch is

A) brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian.
B) brachiocephalic, left subclavian, left common carotid.
C) left common carotid, left subclavian, brachiocephalic.
D) left subclavian, left common carotid, brachiocephalic.

Question 32

The pulmonary circuit

A) supplies oxygenated blood to the brain.
B) supplies deoxygenated blood to the abdominal organs
C) supplies oxygenated blood to the lung tissue.
D) supplies deoxygenated blood to the lungs so it can become oxygenated.

Question 33

Functionally, there are no valves in arteries (as opposed to in veins) because

A) valves direct blood only toward the heart and arterial blood passes away from the heart.
B) valves would tear apart from the high arterial pressure.
C) arteries get more atherosclerosis, so valves would cause lethal blood clotting.
D) the blood pressure in arteries is high enough that there is no backflow of blood.

Question 34

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the common iliac artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 35

Structure that regulates blood flow into true capillaries.

A) metarteriole
B) thoroughfare channel
C) precapillary sphincter
D) sinusoids
E) fenestrations

Question 36

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the common carotid arteries.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 37

Which of the following statements about arteries is false?

A) Arterial walls are thicker than venous walls.
B) Arteries have a smaller lumen than veins of similar size.
C) Arteries carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
D) Arteries have more elastin than veins.

Question 38

The systemic circuit supplies all of the following except

A) oxygenated blood to the brain.
B) oxygenated blood to the tissue of the lungs.
C) oxygenated blood to the muscles of the upper extremity.
D) deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange.

Question 39

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the ulnar artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 40

Precapillary sphincters allow blood to leave this structure and enter true capillaries.

A) sinusoids
B) fenestrated capillaries
C) continuous capillaries
D) metarterioles
E) none of the above

Question 41

The dorsalis pedis artery pulse is located by

A) finding the head of the fibula and palpating inferior to its neck.
B) palpating between the first and second metatarsal.
C) placing the fingers behind the knee.
D) placing a finger behind the medial malleolus.

Question 42

The abdominal aorta divides at its distal end into which arteries?

A) the femoral arteries
B) the internal iliac arteries
C) the external iliac arteries
D) the common iliac arteries

Question 43

Which of the following is not a branch of the celiac trunk?

A) left gastric artery
B) common hepatic artery
C) sigmoidal artery
D) splenic artery

Question 44

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the internal jugular vein.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 45

The internal carotid artery branches to form the

A) anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and ophthalmic arteries.
B) facial, maxillary, and superficial temporal arteries.
C) middle meningeal and middle cerebral arteries.
D) posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries.

Question 46

Which artery arises from the inferior part of the abdominal aorta and supplies the distal half of the large intestine?

A) gonadal artery
B) median sacral artery
C) superior phrenic artery
D) inferior mesenteric artery

Question 47

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the vessel that arises from the union of the left and right brachiocephalic veins.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 48

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the vessel that is easy to find in most people and is used to obtain blood.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 49

Which arteries connect the basilar artery and the internal carotid artery forming the posterior aspect of the cerebral arterial circle?

A) genicular arteries that encircle the knee
B) posterior communicating arteries
C) ulnar artery that encircles the elbow joint
D) anterior communicating arteries

Question 50

The main arteries of the sole of the foot-the medial and lateral plantar arteries-arise behind the ankle from which artery?

A) posterior tibial
B) fibular
C) saphenous
D) dorsalis pedis

Question 51

Which branch (or branches) of the abdominal aorta supplies the stomach?

A) celiac trunk
B) superior mesenteric artery
C) inferior phrenic arteries
D) suprarenal arteries

Question 52

Of the following, the only unpaired dural sinus is the

A) cavernous sinus.
B) superior sagittal sinus.
C) transverse sinus.
D) carotid sinus.

Question 53

The pulse of the facial artery is palpated

A) anterior to the auricle of the ear near the temple.
B) anterior to the masseter muscle at the inferior margin of the mandible.
C) anterior to the sternocleidomastoid.
D) in the anterior triangle of the neck.

Question 54

The extensor muscles of the forearm are supplied by which artery?

A) radial
B) posterior interosseous
C) ulnar
D) deep palmar arch

Question 55

The ________ delivers arterial blood to the rotator cuff muscles and thyroid gland.

A) axillary artery
B) costocervical trunk
C) thyrocervical trunk
D) vertebral artery

Question 56

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the cephalic vein.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 57

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the longest vein in the body.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 58

The collective name for the structures that drain the cranium is

A) vascular anastomosis
B) dural sinuses
C) internal jugular vein
D) cavernous sinuses
E) inferior vena cava

Question 59

Two large arteries that have relatively superficial locations and are, therefore, vulnerable to injury the

A) aorta and the popliteal artery.
B) right and left coronary arteries.
C) brachial artery and posterior intercostal arteries.
D) common carotid artery and the femoral artery (in the superior thigh).

Question 60

If a physician cannot feel a pulse in the popliteal fossa, the ________ artery is most likely narrowed by atherosclerosis.

A) dorsalis pedis
B) femoral
C) fibular
D) greater saphenous

Question 61

Arterioles and venules have a vasa vasorum to provide nutrients to their outer walls, whereas the inner walls receive nutrients from blood in the lumen.

Question 62

In atherosclerosis, the walls of arteries become thicker, stiffer, and can protrude into the lumen. Why would this lead to an increase in blood pressure?

A) The loss of recoil of the arterial wall due to hardening makes it more difficult for the arteries to help blood move downstream away from the heart.
B) The artery lumen becomes wider, making it harder for the blood to move away from the heart.
C) The hardened artery wall itself requires less blood supply, which increases the amount of blood in the lumen and increases the blood pressure.
D) The thickened, hard artery recoils stronger than a normal artery, increasing the blood pressure.

Question 63

Which of the following is most likely to become a varicose vein?

A) the femoral vein
B) the saphenous vein
C) the popliteal vein
D) the fibular (peroneal) vein

Question 64

Why are aneurisms, or a sac-like outpocketing of a vessel wall, much more common in arteries than veins?

A) Pressure against the walls of arteries is higher than the pressure against the walls of veins.
B) Arteries have a thicker tunica media, making them more vulnerable than veins.
C) Arteries have a thinner tunica externa than veins.
D) Arteries have more vasa vasorum than veins, making the tunica externa weaker in arteries.

Question 65

Which vessel is most commonly used to bypass a damaged coronary artery in coronary bypass surgery?

A) azygos vein
B) great saphenous vein
C) femoral artery
D) internal carotid artery

Question 66

Most systemic venous blood is both oxygen-poor and nutrient-poor. However, systemic venous blood that is nutrient-rich occurs in

A) the renal vein.
B) superficial veins of the limbs.
C) the hepatic portal vein.
D) the pulmonary veins.

Question 67

All types of blood vessels contain a tunica intima.

Question 68

The lumbar veins drain the inferior posterior abdominal wall and direct oxygen-poor blood into the

A) superior vena cava.
B) internal iliac vein.
C) external iliac vein.
D) inferior vena cava.

Question 69

A dural sinus that contains a major artery and some cranial nerves within it is the

A) superior sagittal.
B) inferior sagittal.
C) cavernous.
D) transverse.

Question 70

The hepatic portal system has two distinct capillary beds separated by a portal vein. What are the functions of these two capillary beds?

A) The first picks up digested nutrients, and the second delivers these nutrients to liver cells.
B) The first nourishes the digestive tube, and the second picks up nutrients from the digestive tube.
C) The first provides oxygen to the liver, and the second picks up nutrients from the liver.
D) The first picks up toxins from the liver, and the second delivers them to the digestive tube for detoxification.

Question 71

Systemic venous blood that is oxygen-poor but contains the lowest concentration of nitrogenous wastes occurs in the

A) renal veins.
B) hepatic portal vein.
C) pulmonary veins.
D) umbilical veins of the fetus.

Question 72

The right suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into the inferior vena cava, whereas the left suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into the

A) superior vena cava.
B) other side of the inferior vena cava.
C) hepatic portal system.
D) left renal vein.

Question 73

In the adult, the hepatic portal system carries nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract to the liver. In the fetus, nutrients are absorbed at the placenta, and the vessel that carries these nutrients to the liver is the

A) hepatic portal vein.
B) placental vein.
C) umbilical vein.
D) internal iliac vein.

Question 74

Which vessel is missing in the following statement? "Tracing venous blood from the inferior left side of the posterior abdominal wall to the heart, we find that blood enters the posterior intercostal veins, the hemiazygos vein, the superior vena cava, and the right atrium."

A) the azygos vein
B) the hepatic portal vein
C) the inferior vena cava
D) the right brachiocephalic vein

Question 75

The foramen ovale in the heart normally closes

A) in the 2-month fetus.
B) in the 7-month fetus.
C) shortly after birth.
D) never.

Question 76

Blood passing through the fetal ductus arteriosus bypasses the

A) lungs, left atrium, and ventricle.
B) pulmonary trunk and lungs.
C) right atrium and ventricle.
D) right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, and lungs.

Question 77

Which vessel is missing from the following statement? "Tracing blood that drains from the large intestine, we find that blood drains from the distal colon is collected in the inferior mesenteric vein, merges with the splenic vein then directed to the hepatic portal vein, the liver sinusoids, and the inferior vena cava."

A) celiac vein
B) umbilical vein
C) hepatic vein
D) azygos vein

Question 78

The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called

A) coronary circulation.
B) pulmonary circulation.
C) hepatic portal circulation.
D) cerebral circulation.

Question 79

What vessel in the fetus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch so that most of the blood bypasses the immature lungs?

A) ductus venosus
B) foramen ovale
C) ductus arteriosus
D) umbilical vein

Question 80

With aging of the vascular system

A) the arteries walls tend to harden and thicken.
B) blood pressure tends to decrease.
C) the tunica media becomes stronger.
D) the endothelium facing the lumen becomes smoother.