Deck 18: Blood

Question 1

Blood plasma

A) is approximately 90% water.
B) is only 3 different molecules.
C) is considered a formed element of blood.
D) plays an important role in carrying oxygen through the blood.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

An average female has approximately ________ of blood.

A) 0.5 liter
B) 1 liter
C) 4 liters
D) 8 liters

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Plasma is called ________ when the clotting factors have been removed.

A) hematocrit
B) buffy coat
C) serum
D) albumin
E) myeloid

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Together, leukocytes and platelets constitute roughly which percentage of whole blood volume?

A) 45%
B) 55%
C) 1%
D) 10%

Question 5

The blood protein that contributes osmotic pressure, keeping water from leaking out of the vessels, is called the

A) hematocrit.
B) buffy coat.
C) serum.
D) albumin.
E) myeloid.

Question 6

The unusual shape of the erythrocyte is important because

A) It is the best shape for preventing clotting of blood cells in arteries.
B) It allows each cell to hold a maximum amount of hemoglobin.
C) It increases surface area for respiratory exchange across the plasma membrane.
D) It reflects the fact that erythrocytes are degenerating.

Question 7

The blood's globulins include

A) albumin.
B) antibodies.
C) fibrinogen.
D) hemoglobin.

Question 8

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the formed element of the blood that is packed with molecules of hemoglobin.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

The percentage of erythrocytes in a normal volume of blood is about

A) 10%.
B) 30%.
C) 45%.
D) 90%.

Question 10

In the body, erythrocytes are red because of the oxidized iron they contain. In stained blood smears, erythrocytes are

A) also red from iron.
B) light blue from methylene blue.
C) purple from hematoxylin stain.
D) pink from eosin.

Question 11

When centrifuged, blood separates into the following sequence of layers, from lightest to heaviest

A) buffy coat, hematocrit, plasma.
B) buffy coat, plasma, hematocrit.
C) hematocrit, plasma, buffy coat.
D) plasma, buffy coat, hematocrit.

Question 12

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the formed element of the blood that develops into phagocytic cells called macrophages.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the formed element of the blood that produces antibodies.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Most abundant formed element in the blood is the

A) erythrocyte.
B) myeloid.
C) eosinophil.
D) monocyte.
E) basophil.

Question 15

Which of the following cells lack mitochondria?

A) neutrophils
B) platelets
C) basophils
D) erythrocytes

Question 16

Hematocrit measures the percentage of blood volume that consists of

A) neutrophils.
B) erythrocytes.
C) platelets.
D) plasma.

Question 17

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the most abundant class of leukocyte.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

A plasma protein involved in blood clotting is

A) a platelet.
B) globulin.
C) fibrin (and fibrinogen).
D) albumin.

Question 19

The formed element that is flattened, circular, lacks a nucleus, lacks mitochondria or ribosomes, and is red because of the presence of hemoglobin is

A) an eosinophil.
B) a basophil.
C) an erythrocyte.
D) a lymphocyte.

Question 20

Erythrocytes

A) are over 97% hemoglobin.
B) contain an abundance of mitochondria.
C) can survive for years in the blood.
D) function to fight against foreign antigens in the blood.

Question 21

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents eosinophils.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 22

Which white blood cells contain granules of histamine?

A) eosinophils
B) basophils
C) neutrophils
D) lymphocytes

Question 23

The most abundant white blood cell type is the

A) neutrophil.
B) monocyte.
C) eosinophil.
D) lymphocyte.

Question 24

Which of the following statements concerning the various leukocytes is false?

A) All perform diapedesis.
B) All are active in connective tissues but not in blood.
C) All fight disease.
D) All have distorted, lobed nuclei.

Question 25

Cell containing a large, dark purple-staining spherical nucleus that almost completely fills the cell volume.

A) myeloid
B) eosinophil
C) reticulocyte
D) lymphoid
E) lymphocyte

Question 26

This leukocyte is a cell mediator of inflammation.

A) erythrocyte
B) lymphocyte
C) eosinophil
D) neutrophil
E) basophil

Question 27

Leukocytes, ordered from most to least abundant, are the

A) basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils.
B) basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils.
C) neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
D) neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes.

Question 28

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents lymphocytes.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 29

The least abundant white blood cell type is the

A) monocyte.
B) eosinophil.
C) basophil.
D) lymphocyte.

Question 30

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents neutrophils.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 31

Diapedesis is

A) the process by which eosinophils attack worms.
B) the ingestion of bacteria by macrophages.
C) the exit of leukocytes from capillaries.
D) amoeboid motion.

Question 32

Leukocyte primarily responsible for destroying bacteria.

A) erythrocyte
B) lymphocyte
C) eosinophil
D) neutrophil
E) basophil

Question 33

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents basophils.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 34

Which of the following is the correct ranking of formed elements of blood by longevity (life span), from longest-lived to shortest-lived?

A) neutrophils, basophils, erythrocytes
B) basophils, erythrocytes, eosinophils
C) erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils
D) monocytes, neutrophils, erythrocytes

Question 35

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the fraction that of leukocytes that represents monocytes.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 36

What type of white blood cell increases dramatically during parasitic infections or allergic reactions?

A) neutrophil
B) monocyte
C) basophil
D) eosinophil

Question 37

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates formed elements of the blood that are important in blood clotting.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 38

Which of the following is not phagocytic?

A) lymphocyte
B) neutrophil
C) eosinophil
D) basophil

Question 39

An eosinophil can be distinguished from a basophil because the eosinophil

A) has a lobed (versus nonlobed) nucleus.
B) contains cytoplasmic granules.
C) has pink (versus dark purple) granules.
D) is smaller.

Question 40

Which of the following groups of cells are most structurally related?

A) basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes
B) eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils
C) lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and basophils
D) monocytes, platelets, and macrophages

Question 41

Which of the following is true regarding T cells and B cells?

A) T cells are lymphocytes while B cells are neutrophils.
B) B cells are directly attack bacteria while T cells attack parasites only.
C) B cells have no nucleus while T cells have a large nucleus.
D) T cells directly attack foreign cells while B cells produce antibodies.

Question 42

Which of the following do not remain in red bone marrow after hematopoiesis?

A) lymphoid stem cells
B) fat cells
C) myeloid stem cells
D) reticulocytes

Question 43

All of the following are true regarding the anatomy of red bone marrow except

A) It contains sinusoids that carry new blood cells out of the marrow and into the rest of the blood stream.
B) It contains macrophages that remove antigens in the blood sinusoids.
C) It contains mesenchymal stem cells.
D) it contains an abundance of adipose cells.

Question 44

The stem cell from which eosinophils and basophils develop is called a(n)

A) erythrocyte.
B) myeloid.
C) eosinophil.
D) monocyte.
E) basophil.

Question 45

T cells function to

A) produce antibodies.
B) destroy body cells infected with viruses.
C) respond primarily to bacteria and bacterial toxins in body fluids.
D) phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes.

Question 46

Which type of connective tissue occurs in the bone marrow?

A) cartilage
B) loose areolar
C) dense irregular
D) reticular

Question 47

All blood cells arise from ________ stem cells.

A) hemopoietic
B) lymphoid
C) myeloid
D) mesenoid

Question 48

The functions of platelets include all of the following except

A) secretion of chemicals that call more platelets to the site of injury.
B) formation of a temporary patch in the walls of damaged blood vessels.
C) release of chemical signals that trigger the immune response.
D) release of molecules that initiate clotting.

Question 49

Which of the following is not a committed cell in a blood cell line?

A) hemopoietic stem cell
B) proerythroblast
C) myeloblast
D) megakaryoblast

Question 50

The replacement of red bone marrow with yellow bone marrow in the limbs occurs

A) in fetal life.
B) by 2 years of age.
C) before 8 years of age.
D) between 8 and 18 years of age.

Question 51

Which of the following cells develop into macrophages?

A) monocytes
B) neutrophils
C) basophils
D) lymphocytes

Question 52

Cell fragments, also called thrombocytes, involved in clotting are called

A) basophils
B) globulins
C) fibrinogen
D) albumin
E) platelets

Question 53

Along with leukocytes, these contribute less than 1% of whole blood.

A) reticulocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) albumin
D) platelets
E) lymphocytes

Question 54

Hemopoiesis is

A) different from hematopoiesis.
B) a disease of erythrocytes.
C) a stain for blood smears.
D) blood cell production.

Question 55

Megakaryocytes

A) circulate freely in the blood.
B) give rise to platelets.
C) are small compared to erythrocytes.
D) are phagocytic.

Question 56

In the cell line that forms erythrocytes in red bone marrow, all of the following occur except that

A) the cytoplasm goes from basophilic (blue-staining) to eosinophilic (pink-staining).
B) the nucleus is lost.
C) hemoglobin accumulates in the cells.
D) lysosome-like granules accumulate.

Question 57

Which of the following is not a phase of erythropoiesis?

A) production of ribosomes
B) synthesis of hemoglobin
C) ejection of the erythrocyte's nucleus
D) production of vacuoles

Question 58

In adults, blood cells are manufactured in the marrow of all of the following bones except the

A) pelvis.
B) forearm bones (radius and ulna).
C) clavicle.
D) sternum.

Question 59

B cells fight infections by

A) acting as killer cells.
B) engulfing foreign pathogens.
C) killing off body cells.
D) producing antibodies.

Question 60

Yellow bone marrow gets its color from

A) the bone trabeculae in the center of this colorless marrow.
B) the early stages of red blood cells being made there.
C) low densities of red blood cells.
D) fat cells.

Question 61

Leukocytes function primarily within the bloodstream.

Question 62

Blood cells form from

A) mesoderm
B) ectoderm
C) endoderm
D) myeloderm

Question 63

The defining characteristic of a reticulocyte in the blood is

A) collagen (reticular) fibers.
B) dark-staining nucleus.
C) numerous endocytic vesicles.
D) dark staining masses that represent degrading ribosomes.

Question 64

Which of the following organs does not form blood cells in the fetus?

A) liver
B) lung
C) spleen
D) yolk sac

Question 65

In polycythemia, there is an abnormal excess of erythrocytes in the blood. What could be a consequence of having two many red blood cells in the blood?

A) The blood is more viscous, and the red blood cells could block flow through small vessels.
B) Less oxygen could be carried in the blood.
C) The body would be better able to fight infection.
D) The blood would be come thinner, increasing the risk for excessive bleeding.

Question 66

The most abundant type of leukocyte is the neutrophil.

Question 67

Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which there is an abnormally low concentration of platelets in the blood. What would be a consequence of this condition?

A) increased viscosity of the blood
B) reduced oxygen-carrying capacity
C) increased risk of infection
D) diminished clot formation

Question 68

The precursors of neutrophils, listed in their proper order from the least to the most differentiated cells, are

A) band cell, myeloblast, and myelocyte.
B) metamyelocyte, myeloblast, and neutrophil.
C) myeloblast, metamyelocyte, and band cell.
D) metamyelocyte, neutrophil, and band cell.

Question 69

Leukemia can be divided into two subtypes based on the stem cell line it originates from. All of the following cells could be involved in myeloblastic leukemia (from the myeloid stem cell line) except

A) monocytes
B) eosinophils
C) neutrophils
D) lymphocytes

Question 70

Blood serum is plasma from which albumin has been removed.

Question 71

Giant cells located just outside of marrow sinusoids are called

A) megakaryocytes.
B) monoblasts.
C) myeloblasts.
D) reticulocytes.

Question 72

All granulocytes have lobed nuclei and are phagocytic in function.

Question 73

Disorders of red blood cells can be detected by obtaining counts of these immature erythrocytes.

A) myeloid
B) eosinophil
C) reticulocyte
D) lymphoid
E) lymphocyte

Question 74

A young erythrocyte is called a

A) myeloid.
B) eosinophil.
C) reticulocyte.
D) lymphoid.
E) lymphocyte.

Question 75

Hematocrit is the percentage of blood consisting of erythrocytes.

Question 76

Throughout embryonic development, nearly all blood cells are formed in the

A) yolk sac
B) liver
C) spleen
D) bone marrow

Question 77

In the differentiating cell line that leads to neutrophils, which of the following events occurs?

A) The nucleus assumes a horseshoe shape.
B) Hemoglobin accumulates in the cytoplasm.
C) Metamyelocytes become myeloblasts.
D) The cells temporarily have the specific granules of eosinophils.

Question 78

All of the following cell types are derived from the same precursor cell that generates neutrophils except the

A) blood stem cell.
B) plasma cell.
C) myeloblast.
D) myelocyte.

Question 79

Oxygen levels are lower at higher altitudes. Why would you expect to see increased numbers of reticulocytes in the blood at high altitudes?

A) Erythrocyte production is being stimulated to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
B) More reticulocytes would increase the capacity of blood to fight infections, which are common at high altitude.
C) Monocyte production is being stimulated in order to deal with the low oxygen levels.
D) Reticulocytes become megakaryocytes, which produce more platelets for clotting at high altitudes.

Question 80

Anemia is a condition in which the blood's capacity for carrying oxygen is diminished. Which type of blood cell would be affected in anemia?

A) Monocyte
B) Neutrophil
C) Erythrocyte
D) Basophil