Deck 19: The Heart

Question 1

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates anchor points for chordae tendineae, composed of cells from the myocardium.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A penetrating stab wound to the heart wall that causes blood to leak into the pericardial cavity would result in

A) cardiac tamponade.
B) myocardial infarction.
C) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
D) endocarditis.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the left auricle.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the left coronary artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

The pericardial cavity lies between

A) the fibrous pericardium and the parietal pericardium.
B) the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium.
C) the serous pericardium and the epicardium.
D) the fibrous pericardium and the diaphragm.

Question 6

The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood to the systemic circuit is the

A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.

Question 7

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the location of the bundle branches.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the ligamentum arteriosum.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

Threadlike structures of the endocardium that prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves.

A) ligamentum arteriosum
B) pectinate muscles
C) trabeculae carneae
D) chordae tendineae
E) fossa ovalis

Question 10

The accumulation of pericardial fluid due to inflammation, or the accumulation of blood in the pericardial cavity, can lead to

A) pericarditis.
B) pleuritis.
C) cardiac tamponade.
D) fasciae adherens.
E) mitral valve prolapse.

Question 11

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the aortic arch.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Which of the following structures is not found in the left ventricle?

A) pectinate muscles
B) mitral valve
C) trabeculae carneae
D) papillary muscles

Question 13

The inner endothelial layer that lines the heart is the

A) epicardium.
B) pericardium.
C) myocardium.
D) endocardium.

Question 14

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the left atrioventricular valve.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the left common carotid artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

The region between the right and left pleural cavities is the

A) pulmonary cavity.
B) peritoneal cavity.
C) pericardial cavity.
D) vertebral cavity.
E) mediastinum.

Question 17

The right ventricle pumps blood into the

A) aorta.
B) pulmonary vein.
C) pulmonary trunk.
D) superior vena cava.

Question 18

The auricles are

A) earlike flaps on the surface of the ventricles.
B) earlike flaps on the surface of the atria.
C) projections of the endothelium into the ventricles.
D) modifications of the pectinate muscles on the inner surface of the atria.

Question 19

Internal C-shaped crest of the right atrium, which indicates the openings for the superior and inferior vena cavae.

A) ligamentum arteriosum.
B) crista terminalis.
C) trabeculae carneae.
D) pectinate muscles.
E) fossa ovalis.

Question 20

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the tissue layer of the heart known as the epicardium.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

Stenosis of the mitral valve may cause blood to back up into the

A) venae cavae.
B) pulmonary circulation.
C) right ventricle.
D) coronary circulation.

Question 22

Of the three layers of the heart wall, the layer that contains cardiac muscle is the

A) epicardium.
B) visceral layer of serous pericardium.
C) myocardium.
D) endocardium.

Question 23

To listen for the aortic semilunar valve on the chest wall, one would place the stethoscope in the

A) second intercostal space to the right of the sternum.
B) second intercostal space to the left of the sternum.
C) fifth intercostal space inferior to the left nipple.
D) fifth right intercostal space.

Question 24

Semilunar valves are located

A) between the atria and the ventricles.
B) between the ventricles and the great arteries.
C) between the great veins and the atria.
D) only between the left ventricle and the aorta.

Question 25

The tricuspid valve is closed

A) while the ventricle is in diastole.
B) by movement of blood from atrium to ventricle.
C) while the atrium is contracting.
D) when the ventricle is in systole.

Question 26

If "lub-dup" describes a heartbeat, the "dup" part of the sound is caused by

A) the apex of the heart hitting the anterior chest wall.
B) a stenotic atrioventricular valve.
C) the large force of the contracting ventricles.
D) vibrations that result from the semilunar valves slamming shut.

Question 27

Cardiac muscle cells are bound by connective tissue into long circular and spiral networks called

A) branches.
B) auricles.
C) chordae tendinae.
D) bundles.

Question 28

Contraction of these structures tightens the chordae tendineae, preventing valve prolapse.

A) trabeculae carneae
B) pectinate muscles
C) crista terminalis
D) papillary muscles
E) atrioventricular bundle

Question 29

The cusps of the valves of the heart are covered by

A) epicardium.
B) myocardium.
C) endocardium.
D) modified pericardium.

Question 30

Pericarditis can lead to all of the following except

A) excess fluid in the pericardial cavity.
B) pericardial friction rub.
C) adhesions.
D) a myocardial infarction.

Question 31

A drop of blood returning to the heart from the head region would enter the heart through which vessel?

A) a pulmonary vein
B) the inferior vena cava
C) the superior vena cava
D) the coronary sinus

Question 32

The superior corner of the right atrium of the heart is located at the

A) costal cartilage of the sixth rib, a finger's width lateral to the sternum.
B) costal cartilage of the third rib where it attaches to the sternum.
C) fifth intercostal space along a line extending inferiorly from the midpoint of the clavicle.
D) midpoint of the jugular notch.

Question 33

At which corner point of the heart does one listen for the sound of the closing aortic semilunar valve?

A) superior right
B) inferior right
C) superior left
D) inferior left

Question 34

Heart valve with two cusps.

A) mitral
B) pulmonary semilunar
C) aortic semilunar
D) fossa ovalis
E) crista terminalis

Question 35

The ________ returns most of the venous blood from the heart to the right atrium.

A) great cardiac vein
B) coronary sinus
C) anterior cardiac vein
D) posterior interventricular vein

Question 36

The "heartstrings" are the

A) cusps of the atrioventricular valves.
B) chordae tendineae.
C) trabeculae carneae.
D) papillary muscles.

Question 37

The epicardium is the same as the

A) visceral layer of serous pericardium.
B) pericardium.
C) endocardium.
D) fibrous pericardium.

Question 38

The crista terminalis can be used to locate all of the following structures except the

A) opening of the coronary sinus.
B) opening of the inferior vena cava.
C) opening of the pulmonary veins.
D) opening of the superior vena cava.

Question 39

Valve responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the lungs into the heart.

A) tricuspid
B) bicuspid
C) aortic semilunar
D) pulmonary semilunar
E) pectinate

Question 40

The ________ lies directly deep to the fibrous pericardium.

A) pericardial cavity
B) visceral layer of the serous pericardium
C) parietal layer of the serous pericardium
D) epicardium

Question 41

Cells of the conducting system located between the AV node and bundle branches.

A) trabeculae carneae
B) pectinate muscles
C) crista terminalis
D) papillary muscles
E) atrioventricular bundle

Question 42

During left ventricular systole, blood enters the

A) aorta.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) pulmonary vein.
D) venae cavae.

Question 43

The ________ receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus.

A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) left ventricle
E) left auricle

Question 44

The atrioventricular node is located in the

A) right atrium, just inferior to the opening of the superior vena cava.
B) inferior part of the interatrial septum.
C) interventricular septum, near the heart base.
D) walls of the ventricles, with the other Purkinje fibers.

Question 45

Parasympathetic impulses to the SA node are transmitted on this cranial nerve.

A) Glossopharyngeal
B) Accessory-spinal part
C) Vagus
D) Trigeminal
E) Hypoglossal

Question 46

Large cardiac cells of the conducting system embedded in the ventricular walls between the endocardium and myocardium.

A) atrioventricular bundle
B) atrioventricular branches
C) subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers)
D) sinoatrial node
E) atrioventricular node

Question 47

Destruction of which structure will result in electrical signals traveling to only one ventricle?

A) atrioventricular bundle
B) bundle branch
C) internodal pathway
D) sinoatrial node

Question 48

The heart chamber with the thickest wall is the

A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.

Question 49

Cells of the subendocardial conducting network

A) are larger and have fewer myofilaments than other cardiac cells.
B) are nonconducting cells that electrically insulate the bundle branches of the interventricular septum.
C) are pacemaker cells located in the SA node that initiate each heartbeat.
D) are sensory cells that monitor the stretch of the myocardium to prevent overexpansion by high blood pressure.

Question 50

The cardiac centers that control heart rate are located in the

A) cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe.
B) medulla oblongata of the brain stem.
C) pituitary gland of the diencephalon.
D) thoracic segments of the spinal cord.

Question 51

The ________ receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.

A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) left ventricle
E) right auricle

Question 52

Oxygen-poor blood returning to the heart enters the

A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) left ventricle.
D) right ventricle.

Question 53

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right ventricular wall, so it can

A) accommodate a greater volume of blood.
B) expand the thoracic cage during diastole.
C) pump blood with greater pressure.
D) pump blood through a smaller valve.

Question 54

Which heart chamber is most affected by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left ventricle
D) left atrium

Question 55

The parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve

A) speed up the heartbeat.
B) increase the force of cardiac contractions.
C) slow the heartbeat.
D) decrease the force of cardiac contractions.

Question 56

The semilunar valves are closed when the

A) ventricles are contracting.
B) ventricles are relaxed.
C) atrioventricular valves are closed.
D) blood moves into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

Question 57

During ventricular systole, blood is

A) flowing from the systemic and pulmonary circuits into both the atria and ventricles.
B) forced from the atria into the ventricles.
C) forced from the ventricles into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
D) not flowing into or out of the heart.

Question 58

Blood in the pulmonary veins returns to the

A) right atrium.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.

Question 59

Which of the following vessels does not carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart?

A) the superior vena cava
B) the inferior vena cava
C) the pulmonary vein
D) the coronary sinus

Question 60

The desmosome-like structures that attach adjacent cardiac muscle cells are called

A) fasciae adherens.
B) gap junctions.
C) intercalated disks.
D) T tubules.

Question 61

Which of these blood vessels is located in the anterior interventricular sulcus?

A) anterior cardiac vein
B) great cardiac vein
C) middle cardiac vein
D) small cardiac vein

Question 62

The correct sequence of heart wall layers from superficial to deep is epicardium, endocardium, and myocardium.

Question 63

In atrial fibrillation, random waves of impulses within the atrial myocardium cause irregular stimulation of the ________, leading to irregular ventricular systole.

A) AV node
B) cardiac skeleton
C) SA node
D) AV valves

Question 64

Papillary muscles are horizontal ridges in the walls of the atrium.

Question 65

Which of the following is not an age-related change in the heart?

A) thinning of the valve cusps
B) decline in cardiac reserve
C) fibrosis of cardiac muscle
D) atherosclerosis

Question 66

The ________ develops from the embryological chamber called the sinus venosus.

A) sinoatrial (SA) node
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) pulmonary trunk

Question 67

The small cardiac vein lies on the

A) right ventricle.
B) left ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) left atrium.

Question 68

Clinically, the posterior interventricular artery is referred to as the

A) left artery ascending.
B) left artery descending.
C) posterior descending artery.
D) posterior ascending artery.

Question 69

Insertion of a stent to treat coronary artery disease (CAD)

A) involves grafting a portion of the saphenous vein that contains the stent into the occluded artery.
B) is accomplished by laparoscopic incision at the jugular notch.
C) occurs through a catheter inserted in the femoral artery.
D) requires open heart surgery.

Question 70

The ________ artery nourishes the walls of the left atrium.

A) anterior interventricular.
B) circumflex.
C) posterior interventricular.
D) right coronary.

Question 71

A specific coronary vessel that lies in the coronary sulcus is the

A) posterior interventricular artery.
B) right coronary artery.
C) small cardiac vein.
D) right marginal artery.

Question 72

The term for pain caused by deficient blood delivery to the heart wall is

A) ischemia.
B) angina pectoris.
C) myocardial infarct.
D) pericarditis.

Question 73

The most common congenital heart defects occur during the ________ month of development.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) sixth

Question 74

Enlargement of the heart with progressive decline in pumping efficiency.

A) cardiac tamponade
B) congestive heart failure
C) heart block
D) myocardial infarction
E) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 75

Condition in which the ventricles are unable to pump blood efficiently because of rapid, random contraction of cardiac muscle fibers is called

A) atrial fibrillation.
B) ventricular fibrillation.
C) pulmonary arterial hypertension.
D) congestive heart failure.

Question 76

Which structure develops from the embryological chamber called the bulbus cordis?

A) the left atrium
B) the right ventricle
C) the left ventricle
D) the sinoatrial node

Question 77

Which of the following veins does not deliver blood directly to the right atrium?

A) superior vena cava
B) inferior vena cava
C) coronary sinus
D) the great cardiac veins

Question 78

Which of the following statements about fetal heart development is false?

A) The four heart chambers first develop during the third trimester.
B) The heart begins as a pair of tubes in the midline of the thorax.
C) The heart develops from mesodermal mesenchyme.
D) The two atria are connected by a foramen ovale until birth.

Question 79

Death of heart musculature due to lack of oxygen.

A) cardiac tamponade
B) valve insufficiency
C) heart block
D) myocardial infarction
E) ventricular fibrillation

Question 80

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart gives rise to the

A) openings between the atria and ventricles.
B) openings between the ventricles.
C) fossa ovalis.
D) aortic semilunar valve.