Deck 16: The Special Senses

Question 1

Filaments that pass through the olfactory foramina of the cribriform plate belong to

A) axons of the olfactory sensory neurons.
B) dendrites of the olfactory sensory neurons.
C) axons of the olfactory bulb mitral cells.
D) dendrites of the olfactory bulb mitral cells.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Scientists who are trying to find a way to make neurons divide to heal nerve injuries often study the body's few mitotic neurons. These neurons include the

A) photoreceptors.
B) olfactory stem cells.
C) basal cells in the taste buds.
D) auditory hair cells.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Sensory receptors for taste are called

A) taste buds.
B) taste pores.
C) tongue papillae.
D) olfactory bulbs.
E) gustatory epithelial cells.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex?

A) hypothalamic appetite centers
B) solitary nucleus of the medulla oblongata
C) thalamic nuclei
D) vagus nerve

Question 5

Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid.

A) palpebrae
B) tarsal glands
C) lacrimal apparatus
D) conjunctiva
E) lacrimal caruncle

Question 6

The superior oblique muscle turns the eye both laterally and

A) medially.
B) superiorly.
C) inferiorly.
D) laterally.

Question 7

The sensation of taste involves

A) bending of cilia.
B) chemicals binding to microvilli.
C) movement of crystals embedded in gelatinous masses.
D) photons altering pigment molecules.

Question 8

The eyelids house all of the following except the

A) tarsal glands.
B) superior tarsal muscle.
C) orbicularis oculi muscles.
D) lacrimal sac.

Question 9

Microvilli from gustatory cells project through this structure.

A) taste bud
B) taste pore
C) tongue papilla
D) olfactory bulb
E) gustatory epithelial cells

Question 10

Which cranial nerve does not innervate the extrinsic eye muscles?

A) abducens
B) facial
C) oculomotor
D) trochlear

Question 11

Where do tears drain?

A) into the Eustachian tube
B) into the nasal cavity
C) into the lacrimal gland
D) into the pharynx

Question 12

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the transparent portion of the fibrous layer.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Gustatory cells are located in all of the following areas except

A) on the apical surface of vallate papillae on the tongue.
B) on the fungiform papillae of the anterior tongue.
C) on the inner surface of the cheeks.
D) on the posterior wall of the pharynx.

Question 14

Filaments of the olfactory nerve synapse with these cells of the olfactory tract.

A) mitral cells
B) glomeruli
C) support epithelial cells
D) olfactory stem cells
E) cells in the lamina propria

Question 15

Which of the following would not be associated with strabismus, or double vision that occurs because the eyes do not move together to view the same point in the visual field?

A) damage to the oculomotor nerve
B) paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye
C) damage to the optic nerve
D) damage to the abducens nerve

Question 16

The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the

A) hypoglossal.
B) glossopharyngeal.
C) olfactory.
D) facial.

Question 17

Region of the forebrain overlying the cribriform plate of the ethmoid.

A) olfactory epithelium
B) temporal lobe
C) olfactory bulb
D) thalamus
E) insula

Question 18

The muscle that opens the eye is the

A) superior rectus.
B) orbicularis oculi.
C) frontalis on forehead.
D) levator palpebrae superioris.

Question 19

Of the following glands, which does not help keep the anterior part of the eye from drying out?

A) lacrimal caruncle
B) tarsal glands
C) goblet cells in the conjunctiva
D) lacrimal gland

Question 20

The oil component found in tears is produced by the

A) lacrimal glands.
B) tarsal glands.
C) conjunctiva.
D) endocrine glands.

Question 21

The ora serrata is a

A) type of papilla that houses taste buds.
B) part of the modiolus.
C) part of the choroid layer.
D) part of the retina.

Question 22

Which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones?

A) the optic disc
B) the macula lutea
C) the fovea centralis
D) the ora serrata retinae

Question 23

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the ciliary body.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 24

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the region of the retina that contains only cones and provides maximal visual acuity.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 25

Another name for the ciliary zonule is

A) olfactory glomerulus.
B) cochlear duct.
C) the bitter taste zone on the tongue.
D) the suspensory ligament of the lens.

Question 26

The melanin-containing layer of the eye's vascular tunic is called the

A) sclera.
B) choroid.
C) ciliary body.
D) cornea.
E) lens.

Question 27

What axons decussate in the optic chiasma?

A) the fibers in the optic radiation of white matter
B) all fibers from both eyes
C) those from the lateral half of each retina
D) axons from the medial half of each eye

Question 28

Which of the following structures in the eye are pigmented?

A) the cornea
B) sclera
C) the retina
D) lens

Question 29

Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers.

A) sclera
B) choroid
C) ciliary body
D) cornea
E) lens

Question 30

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the portion of the fibrous layer known as the sclera.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 31

Which of the following controls the amount of light entering the eye?

A) ciliary muscle
B) dilator/sphincter pupillae muscles
C) levator palpebrae
D) medial rectus

Question 32

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the anterior segment, which is filled with aqueous humor.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 33

Each of the following structures participates in bending of light entering the eye except the

A) cornea.
B) iris.
C) lens.
D) vitreous humor.

Question 34

Ordinarily, it is not possible to transplant tissues from one person to another without rejection, yet corneas can be transplanted without risk of rejection. This is because the cornea

A) is not a human structure.
B) has no nerve supply.
C) has no blood supply, except around the periphery.
D) is exposed and easily accessible.

Question 35

Which of the following lies closest to the anterior pole of the eye?

A) center of the lens
B) center of the cornea
C) tip of an eyelash
D) sclera

Question 36

Nerve axons from the lateral portion of each retina

A) cross over to the opposite side of the retina.
B) pass posteriorly without crossing over at the chiasma.
C) branch at the chiasma, some branches crossing and some not crossing.
D) carry information from the lateral half of the visual field.

Question 37

The first "way station" (relay nucleus) in the visual pathway from the eye, after there has been partial crossover of the fibers in the optic chiasma, is the

A) superior colliculi.
B) lateral geniculate nucleus.
C) primary visual cortex.
D) temporal lobe.

Question 38

There are three layers of neurons in the retina. Which of the following neurons have axons that form the optic nerves?

A) bipolar cells
B) ganglion cells
C) cone cells
D) rod cells

Question 39

In cataracts, the lens becomes cloudy and cannot function normally. What would be a consequence of this?

A) Vision would be distorted and unclear.
B) The retina wouldn't receive its nutrients.
C) The lens would not be able to accommodate for near or far vision.
D) The eye could not accommodate for bright or dim lighting.

Question 40

Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye.

A) aqueous humor
B) vitreous humor
C) synovial fluid
D) serous fluid
E) endolymph

Question 41

Endolymph is made

A) from perilymph.
B) from the dura mater.
C) in the scala vestibuli.
D) in the stria vascularis.

Question 42

Of the following structures, which is the only one that contains perilymph (instead of endolymph)?

A) scala media
B) saccule
C) scala tympani
D) semicircular ducts

Question 43

The external ear consists of each of the following structures except the

A) auricle.
B) helix.
C) lobule.
D) vestibule.

Question 44

The stapes attaches to a membrane called the

A) tympanic membrane
B) pharyngotympanic
C) oval window
D) round window
E) tectorial membrane

Question 45

During embryonic development, the retina of the eye develops from

A) the surface ectoderm.
B) an outpocketing of the diencephalon.
C) the mesoderm.
D) the mesoderm and the endoderm.

Question 46

The ossicle that is shaped like the stirrup of a saddle is the

A) tympanic membrane.
B) incus.
C) malleus.
D) stapes.

Question 47

The sclera of the eye develops from

A) the lens placode.
B) head mesenchyme.
C) the optic cup.
D) the optic stalk.

Question 48

Which of the following membranes is not part of the cochlea?

A) basilar
B) tectorial
C) tympanic
D) vestibular

Question 49

The oval window of the ear is connected directly to which passageway?

A) pharyngotympanic tube
B) external auditory canal
C) scala vestibuli
D) scala tympani

Question 50

Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing.

A) vestibule
B) saccule
C) utricle
D) cochlear duct
E) semicircular canals

Question 51

Abraham spoke so softly that Jason rolled a piece of paper into a funnel shape and put one end into his external auditory canal to signal Abraham to speak up. Abraham then shouted that a certain anatomical structure serves exactly the same function as Jason's paper funnel. That structure is the

A) round window.
B) pinna.
C) pharyngotympanic tube.
D) mastoid antrum.

Question 52

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that contains receptors for rotational acceleration.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 53

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is important in equalizing air pressure on both sides of the eardrum.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 54

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is the boundary between the external and middle ear.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 55

The transmission of sound vibrations through the external acoustic meatus occurs chiefly through

A) nerve fibers.
B) air.
C) fluid.
D) bone.

Question 56

The middle ear cavity is normally filled with

A) perilymph.
B) endolymph.
C) air.
D) mucus.

Question 57

The center for vision in the cerebral cortex is located in the

A) temporal lobe.
B) frontal lobe.
C) occipital lobe.
D) parietal lobe.

Question 58

The bony labyrinth is located in which portion of the temporal bone?

A) mastoid
B) petrous
C) squamous
D) tympanic

Question 59

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the middle ear ossicle that is known as the stirrup.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 60

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is called the cochlea.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 61

In conduction deafness, sound vibrations cannot travel from the external ear to the internal ear. Knowing the pathway of sound through the ear, which of these could cause conduction deafness?

A) damage to the tympanic membrane
B) loss of otoliths in the utricle and saccule
C) loss of hair cells in the cochlea
D) damage to the spiral organ

Question 62

All of these are true regarding the development of vision except

A) the cones and rods are fully formed by 25 weeks after conception.
B) the visual pathways are formed very early in prenatal development.
C) the lens becomes discolored and scatters light more as a person ages.
D) The dilator muscles in the iris become overactive with age, keeping the pupils partially dilated.

Question 63

Which of these is true regarding the development of the ear?

A) The internal aspect of the ear forms from the otic placode, a thickening of the surface ectoderm.
B) The ear begins to form in the 8^th week of development.
C) The external acoustic meatus develops from mesoderm.
D) The auricle develops from the otic pit.

Question 64

The basilar membrane supports the

A) spiral lamina.
B) modiolus.
C) spiral ganglion.
D) bony labyrinth.
E) spiral organ.

Question 65

Most of the special sensory receptors are free nerve endings.

Question 66

Which of these is true regarding the equilibrium pathway?

A) Equilibrium information travels on the cochlear nerve.
B) Most equilibrium information travels to the lower brain reflex centers rather than the cerebral cortex.
C) Vestibular nuclei are located in the midbrain and thalamus.
D) The superior olivary nuclei are a key relay point for equilibrium information.

Question 67

The difference between the membranous ampulla and cupula of the ear is that

A) the ampulla contains the crista ampullaris, which consists of hair cells and a cupula.
B) the ampulla contains the utricle and saccule, whereas the cupula contains the crista ampullaris.
C) the ampulla is the enlargement at the base of the semicircular canals, whereas the cupula is encrusted with otoliths and lies within the vestibule.
D) the ampulla is the opening to the cochlea, whereas the cupula is found within the vestibule.

Question 68

In Meniere's syndrome, excessive endolymph distorts the membranous labyrinth. Using your understanding of the anatomy of the inner ear, which of these would be true in Meniere's syndrome?

A) Vestibulation would be unaffected.
B) Hearing would be diminished or obstructed by a ringing or buzzing sound.
C) Hearing would remain intact but vestibulation would be severely affected.
D) The vestibulocochlear nerve would be damaged.

Question 69

Hair cells are receptor cells for

A) fine touch.
B) both hearing and equilibrium.
C) taste.
D) vision.

Question 70

The calcium carbonate crystals of the macula are called the

A) stapedius
B) modiolus
C) otoliths
D) helicotrema
E) scala tympani

Question 71

The gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells is called the

A) basilar membrane.
B) tectorial membrane.
C) tympanic membrane.
D) scala tympani.
E) scala vestibule.

Question 72

The bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule is called the

A) vestibule
B) macula lutea
C) macula densa
D) ora serrate
E) scala vestibule

Question 73

Receptors for hearing are located in the

A) cochlear duct.
B) middle ear.
C) semicircular canals.
D) tympanic membrane.

Question 74

Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ?

A) High-frequency sounds stimulate hair cells at the basal end of the basilar membrane.
B) The "hairs" of the receptor cells are embedded in the tectorial membrane.
C) The spiral organ is part of the cochlear duct, which is also called the scala media.
D) The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed.

Question 75

The cristae ampullares in the inner ear are located in the

A) saccule.
B) utricle.
C) semicircular ducts.
D) cochlear duct.

Question 76

Which of these is true regarding the chemical senses, olfaction and taste, throughout life?

A) Children have more taste buds than adults.
B) The number of olfactory cells increases throughout life, so the elderly have an exceptionally good sense of smell.
C) The sense of smell is very weak in young children.
D) The number of taste receptors stays constant throughout life.

Question 77

Along with the saccule, this structure senses linear acceleration.

A) vestibule
B) spiral organ
C) utricle
D) cochlear duct
E) semicircular canals

Question 78

An essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium is/are the

A) spiral organ.
B) cupula.
C) scala media.
D) otoliths.

Question 79

The cristae in the inner ear contain the receptors for

A) rotational equilibrium.
B) all aspects of hearing.
C) all aspects of equilibrium.
D) static equilibrium.

Question 80

In Chapter 12 on the CNS, we learned that the inferior olivary nucleus and medial lemniscus are a relay nucleus and a fiber tract in general somatic sensory pathways in the brain. The superior olivary nucleus and the lateral lemniscus are entirely different structures belonging to what sensory pathway?

A) taste
B) olfactory
C) visual
D) auditory