Deck 15: Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the Workplace

Question 1

Who is often referred to as the founder of applied psychology?

A) Lillian Gilbreth
B) Lightner Witmer
C) Frederick Taylor
D) Hugo Münsterberg

Answer 1

Hugo Münsterberg

Question 2

All of the following factors underlay clinical psychologists' early motivation to establish a professional organization,except:

A) the upsurge of psychological testing jobs in public schools.
B) they wanted to improve the status of clinical psychology.
C) clinical psychologists did not feel their needs were being met by the major scientific organization of psychologists.
D) they needed a way to increase their fees for service.

Answer 2

they needed a way to increase their fees for service.

Question 3

The formal organization of clinical psychology shortly after World War II occurred in large part because:

A) industrial psychology was not proving to be useful.
B) there were too many applied psychologists.
C) the need for mental health services and trained professionals became a national priority.
D) the American Psychological Association insisted that clinical psychology was not a profession unless there was a formal training and credentialing program.

Answer 3

the need for mental health services and trained professionals became a national priority.

Question 4

Witmer's Clinical Method consisted of:

A) using motion studies to better understand worker stress and fatigue.
B) doing psychotherapy on patients suffering from emotional and psychological distress.
C) examining the mental and physical abilities of children with behavioral and learning difficulties, in consultation with other professionals.
D) doing personality tests to discover the characteristics of workers and children with special needs.

Question 5

"Psychotechnics" refers to:

A) a technique Münsterberg used to detect lying in court cases.
B) the application of psychology to business and industry.
C) a technique used in creating motion studies.
D) Harry Hollingworth's technique used in the Coca Cola studies.

Question 6

Gilbreth Inc.consulted in all of the following areas except

A) sanitary napkin packaging.
B) kitchen engineering.
C) military consulting.
D) toothbrush engineering.

Question 7

While Münsterberg embraced a relatively strict form of Taylorism,Lillian Gilbreth took a more ___________________ view.

A) personalistic
B) humanistic
C) analytical
D) dynamic

Question 8

Some academic psychologists looked down upon early applied psychologists because:

A) they believed their theories and techniques were underdeveloped.
B) they feared applied psychologists would undermine the profession.
C) they were concerned that applied psychologists would take academic jobs.
D) both a and b above

Question 9

Hugo Münsterberg did all of the following except:

A) create an early form of the polygraph test.
B) create a system called scientific management.
C) apply psychology to industry.
D) participate in designing and promoting psychology at the 1893 World's Fair.

Question 10

"Taylorism" is synonymous with:

A) scientific management.
B) motion study research.
C) the scientist-practitioner model.
D) German nationalism.

Question 11

The "rest cure," as a treatment for neurasthenia,was promoted by:

A) Lightner Witmer.
B) S. Weir Mitchell.
C) Leta Stetter Hollingworth.
D) Lillian Gilbreth.

Question 12

The Gilbreths' Motion Studies were used to:

A) promote the field of scientific management.
B) gain insight into research on psychotechnics.
C) study workers' Therbligs.
D) both a and b above

Question 13

"Therbligs" refers to:

A) a unique form of psychotechnics.
B) a unit referring to the 18 independent motions of the hand.
C) a polygraph machine mechanism.
D) a key concept underlying the belief in functional periodicity.

Question 14

Who is often referred to as the mother of industrial psychology?

A) Leta Stetter Hollingworth
B) Lillian Gilbreth
C) Augusta Fox Brunner
D) Mary Whiton Calkins

Question 15

"The Psychology Clinic" refers to:

A) the name of Lightner Witmer's journal.
B) the first workshop on Witmer's clinical method.
C) the first clinic opened by the American Psychological Association.
D) an article by Hugo Münsterberg denouncing Witmer's work.

Question 16

One biographical factor that played a role in Witmer's focus on children with special needs was:

A) his early work as a teacher.
B) his own childhood upbringing.
C) his work with Wundt at Leipzig.
D) the fact that he had a sibling with a learning disability.

Question 17

Three foci of Leta Stetter Hollingsworth's work were:

A) clinical psychology, the psychology of women, and professionalization.
B) purposive psychology, industrial psychology, and the psychology of women.
C) motion study research, clinical psychology, and the psychology of women.
D) professionalization, opening the first psychology clinic, and the psychology of women.

Question 18

The goal of scientific management was to:

A) increase efficiency and productivity in factories.
B) overtake Taylorism.
C) allow scientists to profit from business.
D) bring German nationalism to the United States.

Question 19

The pneumograph and the sphygmograph were used by:

A) the Gilbreths in their motion studies.
B) a colleague of Münsterberg in his work on lie detection.
C) the Hollingworths in their work on the effects of caffeine.
D) Lightner Witmer in his assessment of children.

Question 20

The birth of the "scientist-practitioner model" of training in clinical psychology emerged from:

A) Witmer's work on the clinical method.
B) the Boulder conference.
C) the Vail conference.
D) Gilbreth, Incorporated.

Question 21

To Leta Hollingworth,the professionalization of clinical psychology involved:

A) specifying a doctoral degree as the minimum requirement for clinical practice.
B) working to develop advertising campaigns so the public would know the difference between psychologists and psychiatrists.
C) creating a professional degree that would emphasize clinical training.
D) both a and c above

Question 22

In considering applied psychology and training requirements for psychology degrees today,the Psy.D or Doctor of Psychology degree differs from the PhD degree in what following way?

A) The Psy.D degree programs are more research focused.
B) The PhD degree programs more closely follow the scientist-practitioner model.
C) The PhD degree programs have more practical and professional training than research training.
D) The Psy.D degree programs more closely follow the scientist-practitioner model.

Question 23

_______'s life story was the basis for the popular book and movie Cheaper by the Dozen.

A) Lillian Gilbreth
B) Naomi Norsworthy
C) Leta Stetter Hollingworth
D) Augusta Fox Bronner

Question 24

The Boulder Conference is significant because of:

A) its role in the development of the scientist-practitioner model.
B) its role in the legitimization of psychology as a science.
C) its role in the creation of the American Psychological Association.
D) both b and c above

Question 25

The variability hypothesis posited that:

A) men were more variable than women in their reactions to the levels of caffeine in Coca Cola.
B) men were more variable than women on both physical and psychological characteristics.
C) women were more variable than men on both physical and psychological characteristics.
D) both a and b above

Question 26

The Hollingworths helped to raise the profile of applied psychology through their influential research on:

A) the effects of caffeine in Coca Cola.
B) the effects of nicotine in cigarettes.
C) the effects of cocaine in the original Coca Cola.
D) both a and b above

Question 27

Hugo Münsterberg was a well-known proponent of applied psychology,but he opposed:

A) psychotherapy.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) intentional and conscious forgetting in therapy.
D) psychotechnics.

Question 28

"Psychotherapeutics" in American culture in the early 20?? century included all of the following,except:

A) psychophysics.
B) faith healing.
C) Christian science.
D) the Emmanuel Movement.

Question 29

World War II played a significant role the development of clinical psychology for all of the following reasons,except:

A) it pushed psychologists in greater numbers into providing new kinds of clinical services.
B) it created a national need for more mental health services for returning veterans.
C) it catalyzed the Veteran's Administration and the United States Public Health Service to work with the APA to develop training programs.
D) it eroded public confidence in psychiatry, thus giving psychologists greater public visibility.

Question 30

The following quotation - "The tradition emanating from the mystic and romantic novelists,that woman is a mysterious being,half hysteric,half angel,has found its way into scientific writing.Through the centuries gone those who wrote were men,and since the phenomenon of periodicity was foreign to them,they not unnaturally seized upon it as a probable source of the alleged 'mystery' and 'caprice' of womankind" - represents:

A) Lillian Gilbreth's assessment of scientists' belief in functional periodicity.
B) Leta Stetter Hollingworth's assessment of scientists' belief in functional periodicity.
C) a view supported by anthropologist Robert Lowie.
D) both b and c above