Deck 5: Perceiving Color

Question 1

Complementary colors are degrees apart on the color circle.

A)360
B)180
C)90

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Color

A)is in the wavelength of the light.
B)is in the reflectance of the object.
C)is a perceptual experience.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The color circle includes ,while the color solid includes .

A)hue;brightness
B)hue and saturation;hue,saturation,and brightness
C)hue;hue,saturation,and brightness

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Mixing blue and yellow paint gives the appearance of green because

A)blue paint absorbs the shorter wavelengths while yellow paint absorbs the longer wave- lengths.
B)blue paint absorbs the longer wavelengths while yellow paint absorbs the shorter wave- lengths.
C)blue paint and yellow paint both absorb the medium wavelengths.

Question 5

The absolute sensitivity of S-cones is

A)greater than it is for M-cones or L-cones.
B)less than it is for M-cones or L-cones.
C)is greater than it is for M-cones but less than it is for L-cones.

Question 6

Additive color mixture would entail mixing

A)marks from different crayons.
B)different light sources.
C)different inks with an inkjet printer.

Question 7

According to the principle of univariance,the absorption of one photon of light by a cone receptor

A)depends on the wavelength of the light.
B)results in the same response regardless of the wavelength of light.
C)results in a different response depending on the wavelength of light.

Question 8

With additive color mixing,an example of complementary colors would be

A)cyan and red.
B)red and green.
C)cyan and yellow.

Question 9

For a person with only two types of cones (say M-cones and L-cones),a metameric color match could

A)only be made between a 615 nm light and another 615 nm light.
B)only be made between complementary colors.
C)be made between a 615 nm light and a 525 nm light.

Question 10

Metamers are any two stimuli that are physically but are perceptually .

A)different;identical
B)identical;different
C)identical;identical

Question 11

The three independent dimensions of color experience are

A)hue,saturation,and brightness.
B)color,saturation,and brightness.
C)wavelength,saturation,and hue.

Question 12

The explains why night vision (i.e. ,with rods)is colorblind.

A)Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory
B)principle of unvariance
C)idea of complementary colors

Question 13

A medium wavelength cone (M-cone)contains a photopigment that

A)absorbs only 550 nm light.
B)absorbs only 650 nm light.
C)absorbs light across most of the visible spectrum.

Question 14

With an additive color mixture,mixing yellow and blue light on a white surface produces

A)green.
B)red.
C)white.

Question 15

When a source emits light that consists of a wide range of different wavelengths it

A)is called heterochromatic light.
B)is called monochromatic light.
C)cannot be described with a spectral power distribution.

Question 16

A heterochromatic light source that emits relatively more long wavelengths than either short or medium wavelengths is

A)sunlight.
B)fluorescent light.
C)incandescent light.

Question 17

______________ light would be considered colorless.

A)Achromatic
B)All heterochromatic
C)Monochromatic

Question 18

Color matching experiments support the Young-Helmholtz theory of color vision

A)trichromatic
B)metamer
C)bichromatic

Question 19

The visible spectrum is that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that ranges from to nm.

A)______________400;800
B)______________300;600
C)______________400;700

Question 20

For a person with only one type of cone (say M-cones),a metameric color match could

A)only be made between a 615 nm light and another 615 nm light.
B)only be made between complementary colors.
C)be made between a 615 nm light and a 525 nm light.

Question 21

In the following diagram

A)squares A and B are the same shade of gray.
B)squares A and C are the same shade of gray.
C)squares B and C are the same shade of gray.

Question 22

Lightness constancy allows us to perceive the intrinsic properties

A)of a surface despite changes in lighting conditions.
B)of a surface because of changes in lighting conditions.
C)of the lighting conditions despite changes in the appearance of the surface.

Question 23

In order for color constancy to occur

A)the SPD of the illumination must be broad across the visible spectrum and there must be more than one surface color.
B)the SPD of the illumination must be monochromatic and there must be more than one sur- face color.
C)the SPD of the illumination must be broad across the visible spectrum and there must be only one surface color.

Question 24

Metameric color-matching experiments provide evidence for three types of cones,and retinal densitometry provides evidence.

A)psychophysical;physiological
B)research;phenomenological
C)physiological;psychophysical

Question 25

When the illumination across a scene is ,lightness constancy be explained by the ratio principle.

A)uniform;cannot
B)uniform;can
C)not uniform;can

Question 26

According to your text,virtually all everyday scenes include a

A)broad sample of wavelengths across the visible spectrum and more than one surface color.
B)monochromatic light source and more than one surface color.
C)broad sample of wavelengths across the visible spectrum but only one surface color.

Question 27

People with normal color vision require monochromatic comparison light(s)to match any monochromatic test light.

A)1
B)2
C)3

Question 28

Concerning inherited color vision deficiencies,

A)females are more affected than males.
B)the lack of M-cones and L-cones is due to a defect on the X chromosome.
C)the lack of S-cones is due to a defect on the X chromosome.

Question 29

Chromatic adaptation occurs with

A)a bright red light.
B)a bright white light.
C)a dim white light.

Question 30

Which of the following is considered support for opponent color representation?

A)When sorting colors,most people sort them into four piles.
B)When sorting colors,most people sort them into three piles.
C)People judge red and yellow as complementary colors.

Question 31

One possible explanation for color constancy is called ,and it argues that .

A)chromatic adaptation;reduced sensitivity to a particular wavelength compensates for non- white illumination.
B)chromatic adaptation;the visual system averages the amount of each wavelength reflected from surfaces and estimates the SPD of the illuminant.
C)discounting the illuminant;reduced sensitivity to a particular wavelength compensates for nonwhite illumination.

Question 32

Which of the following about color-opponent neurons has been found?

A)RGCs with spatially uniform receptive fields
B)single-opponent center-surround RFs in the LGN
C)double-opponent center-surround RFs in the LGN

Question 33

Physiological support for opponent color representation comes from

A)the discovery of three types of cones in the retina.
B)differences in the photopigments found in rods and cones.
C)the discovery of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)cells that responded to colors showing op- ponency.

Question 34

According to the text,we cannot even imagine a color called reddish green because

A)red and green are primary colors.
B)red and green are noncomplementary colors.
C)red and green are complementary colors.

Question 35

Photopigment bleaching refers to

A)the loss of color of objects after their prolonged exposure to the sun.
B)the loss of the ability of the photopigment molecule to absorb light for a period of time after photoisomerization.
C)the increased ability of photopigments to absorb light for a period of time after photoisomer- ization.

Question 36

In Hurvich and Jameson's (1957)study of hue cancellation,

A)participants subtracted yellow light to cancel out blueness.
B)participants added unique green light to cancel out unique yellow.
C)unique green has no yellowness and no blueness.

Question 37

Trichromatic representation works well for ,while the opponent color representation works well for .

A)cones and retinal ganglion cells;color-sensitive neurons in the brain
B)cones;retinal ganglion cells and color-sensitive neurons in the brain
C)retinal ganglion cells;cones and color-sensitive neurons in the brain

Question 38

Psychophysical evidence for opponent color representation includes

A)color matching.
B)color afterimages.
C)color matching and color afterimages.

Question 39

Research has shown that the proportion of is fairly small compared to the other types of photoreceptors.

A)rods
B)S-cones
C)M-cones

Question 40

This retinal circuit would code for color by increasing its response rate for and decreas- ing its response rate for .

A)green;red
B)blue;yellow
C)yellow;blue

Question 41

Your five-year-old daughter has her heart set on having her room painted a bright shade of green.What possible drawback,as far as the color goes,is there in simply mixing your leftover supply of blue and yellow paint for this job? (Assume the paints are in perfect condition. )

Question 42

According to your text,digital color printing does not use ink.

A)white
B)magenta
C)black

Question 43

What do pointillist paintings have in common with digital color video displays with regard to how each represents color? What are the major differences between them?
ESSAY QUESTION ANSwER GUIDELINES

Question 44

For a person who has only one type of cone,changes in the of light are indistinguish- able from changes in the of light.

A)wavelength;intensity
B)wavelength;color
C)saturation;hue

Question 45

By convention,the three primary colors for additive color mixing

A)are cyan,magenta,and yellow.
B)are red,blue,and green.
C)can be any three colors.

Question 46

An observer views two complex scenes: Scene one is illuminated by a blue light,and scene two is illuminated by a yellow light.As a result,a yellow surface in the first scene and a blue surface in the second scene each now have identical flat spectral power distributions of reflected light.
(A)What is the perceived color of each surface described within each scene? (B)If each scene is covered up so that only the blue or yellow surface is visible,how does the perceived color change?

Question 47

If you are shown a spot of light,is it possible to perceive whether you are viewing a single wavelength of light as opposed to multiple wavelengths superimposed on the same location? Explain why or why not.

Question 48

A person who suffers from protanopia

A)has only L-cones.
B)would be a monochromat.
C)lacks only L-cones.

Question 49

Achromatopsia

A)is genetically inherited.
B)is genetically inherited by males only.
C)is due to brain injury.

Question 50

Concerning rod and cone monochromats,

A)rod monochromats see no color while cone monochromats see just one color.
B)rod monochromats are rare but still more common than cone monochromats.
C)rod monochromats suffer from protanopia while cone monochromats suffer from deuteran- opia.

Question 51

Going clockwise around the color circle,wavelength increases as you go from blue (450 nm)to cyan (500 nm)to green (550 nm),and so on.Beyond red (650 nm),and before we return to blue,however,lies a quadrant of nonspectral purples.Are the wavelengths of these purples below 450 nm,above 650 nm,or something else altogether?

Question 52

Dichromacy refers to the condition where the person

A)is missing two types of cones.
B)has only two types of cones.
C)has one type of rod and one type of cone.

Question 53

Why is it more efficient for the visual system to utilize color opponency rather than simply to register the absolute responses of each type of cone in color identification?

Question 54

Hurvich and Jameson's (1957)study of hue cancellation showed that there was no unique

A)red.
B)green.
C)yellow.

Question 55

The spectral power distribution of incandescent light is that of fluorescent light.

A)greater than
B)less than
C)different than

Question 56

Each pixel in digital video displays

A)is either red or blue or yellow.
B)has two subelements that are complementary colors.
C)has three subelements that are red,green,and blue.

Question 57

Pointillist painters

A)attempted to use paint,but to blend colors using additive color mixing rather than subtrac- tive color mixing.
B)tried to make paintings more pleasant by increasing the dimming effect found with subtrac- tive color mixing.
C)attempted to use paint,but to blend colors using subtractive color mixing rather than addi- tive color mixing.

Question 58

The spectrum is that portion of the spectrum ranging from 400 to 700 nm.

A)visible;electromagnetic
B)electromagnetic;visible
C)invisible;electromagnetic

Question 59

What is the principle of univariance? How does this principle explain why one type of cone is insufficient for distinguishing different colors (i.e. ,wavelengths of light).

Question 60

If the original color is ,then the color afterimage would be .

A)red;blue
B)yellow;green
C)blue;yellow

Question 61

Digital video displays

A)use additive color mixing.
B)use subtractive color mixing.
C)use either additive or subtractive color mixing depending upon ambient lighting conditions.

Question 62

A person who suffers from tritanopia

A)has only S-cones.
B)is called a monochromat.
C)lacks S-cones.

Question 63

Achromatopsia

A)is genetically inherited on the X chromosome.
B)is genetically inherited on the Y chromosome.
C)is due to damage to the ventral pathway.