Deck 4: Coping Processes

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of the coping strategy known as behavioral disengagement?

A)Arguing with one's best friend because of anger toward one's boss
B)Dropping a class because it is evident that one needs to take one of the recommended prerequisites
C)Using drugs following a significant loss
D)Blaming one's parents for one's character flaws

Answer 1

Dropping a class because it is evident that one needs to take one of the recommended prerequisites

Question 2

George realized that while his car was totaled,everyone involved in the accident was alive.This helped him deal with the stress of his accident through

A)emotion-focused coping.
B)proactive coping.
C)meaning-focused coping.
D)disengagement coping.

Answer 2

meaning-focused coping.

Question 3

______________ developed the learned helplessness model.

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Albert Bandura
C)Martin Seligman
D)Abraham Maslow

Answer 3

Martin Seligman

Question 4

If you yell at your little sister after having a fight with your girlfriend,you may be diverting your anger through the use of

A)repression.
B)catharsis.
C)displacement.
D)denial.

Question 5

Learned helplessness results when humans are subjected to aversive events that

A)are unavoidable.
B)negatively reinforce aggressiveness.
C)positively reinforce aggressiveness.
D)are high in control but low in predictability.

Question 6

Efforts to master,reduce,or tolerate the demands caused by stress in one's life are collectively known as

A)catharsis.
B)defense mechanisms.
C)procrastination.
D)coping.

Question 7

Experimental research indicates that aggressive behavior

A)is basically uncontrollable.
B)does not reliably lead to catharsis.
C)is often adaptive in interpersonal relationships.
D)is an instinctual approach for dealing with frustration.

Question 8

Using multiple strategies to cope with stress has been related to

A)reduced depression.
B)reduced anxiety.
C)reduced distress.
D)all of these.

Question 9

When coping with stress,it is most adaptive to use

A)a variety of coping strategies.
B)the tried and true method.
C)problem-focused over emotion-focused coping.
D)proactive coping.

Question 10

Whether someone develops learned helplessness under conditions of unavoidable aversive events most likely depends on

A)the intensity of the aversive events.
B)prior experience in similar circumstances.
C)conditioning experiences in childhood.
D)cognitive interpretation.

Question 11

There is evidence that stress is related to

A)overeating.
B)increased smoking.
C)consumption of alcohol.
D)all of the above.

Question 12

Brenda saves money during the summer because she works fewer hours during the fall and her income drops then.Brenda is practicing which type of coping strategy?

A)Problem-focused
B)Emotion-focused
C)Engagement
D)Meaning-focused

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true of giving up as a response to stress?

A)It is sometimes adaptive.
B)It is sometimes called behavioral disengagement.
C)It urges people on to be more competitive.
D)It can increase distress.

Question 14

Which of the following is the most accurate reflection of the research findings regarding catharsis?

A)Behaving in an aggressive manner is a good way to "blow off steam."
B)Behaving in a passive-aggressive manner is an effective way to discharge pent-up emotions.
C)Behaving in an aggressive manner tends to fuel more anger and aggression.
D)Aggressive behavior is likely to alleviate frustration only if directed toward an irrelevant someone.

Question 15

Which of the following was NOT found in frustration-aggression research?

A)Frustration does not necessarily lead to aggression.
B)Many factors besides frustration affect the likelihood of aggression.
C)Fighting a fictional character in a game can release pent-up anger and hostility.
D)Frustration is more likely to produce aggression when alcohol is involved.

Question 16

Freud coined the term ____________ to refer to the release of emotional tension.

A)aggression
B)implosion
C)frustration
D)catharsis

Question 17

Diversion of anger toward a substitute target was noted by Sigmund Freud,who called it

A)displacement.
B)projection.
C)rationalization.
D)reaction formation.

Question 18

If you enter a 10K race without training adequately, ________________ might be the most adaptive coping strategy.

A)catharsis
B)denial
C)behavioral disengagement
D)displacement

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the use of coping strategies is NOT true?

A)People cope with stress in many ways.
B)There are about 40 distinct coping techniques.
C)People select their coping tactics from a varied menu of options.
D)Four distinct groups of coping strategies have been identified.

Question 20

The right coping strategy

A)guarantees a successful outcome.
B)will be good in any situation.
C)is associated with poorer psychological adjustment.
D)is adaptive if it is related to enhanced well-being.

Question 21

Defense mechanisms work primarily through

A)distorting reality so it does not seem so unpleasant and threatening.
B)reducing a person's impulse control.
C)allowing a person to release pent-up emotions.
D)promoting adaptive coping whenever they are employed.

Question 22

Defense mechanisms are most often _________ and entirely ___________ .

A)unconscious;normal
B)unconscious;abnormal
C)conscious;normal
D)conscious;abnormal

Question 23

Which of the following statements about defense mechanisms is NOT true?

A)Defensive coping is an avoidance strategy.
B)They typically operate at the unconscious level.
C)They are generally considered poor ways of coping.
D)Their use is considered an indication of psychological maladjustment.

Question 24

Constructive coping involves all of the following EXCEPT

A)confronting problems directly.
B)being less realistic in your appraisal of your coping resources.
C)acquiring self-control.
D)an active planning process.

Question 25

According to Taylor and Brown,depressed subjects exhibit _________ favorable and _________ realistic self-concepts than do "normal" people.

A)more;more
B)less;less
C)less;more
D)more;less

Question 26

____________ refers broadly to the use of relatively healthful strategies for managing stressful events.

A)Defending
B)Compensating
C)Catharsis
D)Constructive coping

Question 27

In making projections about the future,"normal" people are more likely than depressed people to

A)be realistic.
B)make accurate projections.
C)rely on empirical evidence.
D)be unrealistically optimistic.

Question 28

Defense mechanisms can operate at

A)the unconscious level only.
B)the conscious level only.
C)the preconscious level only.
D)both the conscious and unconscious levels.

Question 29

Compared to depressed people,"normal" people tend to _______ the degree to which they control chance events.

A)underestimate
B)overestimate
C)less accurately estimate
D)more accurately estimate

Question 30

Beth often came home from school eager to escape online.In fact,she found it difficult to do anything else in the evenings other than spend time on the Internet.Beth may be experiencing

A)Internet addiction.
B)a form of self-indulgence.
C)a disruption in time that can ultimately increase her stress levels.
D)all of the above.

Question 31

Defense mechanisms are unconscious reactions that protect a person from

A)interpersonal deception.
B)unpleasant emotions.
C)catastrophic thinking.
D)potential failure in social relationships.

Question 32

Defense mechanisms are

A)usually always healthy to use.
B)probably almost never healthy to use.
C)probably not healthy to use,with a few exceptions.
D)none of these.

Question 33

Albert Ellis believes that problematic emotional reactions to stress are caused by

A)unpleasant events.
B)catastrophic thinking.
C)excessively logical thinking.
D)the over-reliance on defense mechanisms.

Question 34

Gratifying frustrated desires by thinking about imaginary achievements and satisfactions refers to the defense mechanism called

A)overcompensation.
B)fantasy.
C)regression.
D)identification.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT involved in constructive coping?

A)Confronting problems directly
B)Applying basic principles of classical conditioning
C)Exerting some control over potentially harmful behaviors
D)Recognizing potentially disruptive emotional reactions to stress

Question 36

Who originally developed the concept of defense mechanisms?

A)Albert Bandura
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Albert Ellis
D)Martin Seligman

Question 37

The defense mechanism that involves suppressing unpleasant emotions or circumstances and refusing to acknowledge that they exist is referred to as

A)displacement.
B)reaction formation.
C)intellectualization.
D)denial.

Question 38

Joe has been arrested more than once for driving under the influence of alcohol.When you ask him about how he is managing his drinking problem,he says "I don't have a drinking problem;I have a getting caught problem!" He is most likely using ________ to manage his difficulties.

A)overcompensation
B)undoing
C)projection
D)denial

Question 39

When things are going poorly in one area of life,one may compensate by pursuing substitute forms of satisfaction. This coping strategy is referred to as

A)a defense mechanism.
B)developing alternative rewards.
C)addiction.
D)catharsis.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a category of negative self-talk described by Beck?

A)Focusing on negative feedback
B)Making unduly pessimistic projections about the future
C)Unfairly blaming one's parents for personal trouble
D)Unrealistic attribution of failure to one's own shortcomings

Question 41

Ramon recently lost his job.He has been searching online for job openings and has an appointment with a placement agency.Which constructive coping tactic is Ramon using?

A)Appraisal-focused
B)Emotion-focused
C)Problem-focused
D)Cognition-focused

Question 42

When psychologists label a coping response as constructive or healthy,they are basing this on

A)careful and consistent research.
B)common sense.
C)value judgments.
D)multiple case studies.

Question 43

Constructive coping involves

A)confronting problems directly.
B)realistically appraising stress.
C)learning to manage some emotional reactions to stress.
D)all of the above.

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of positive reinterpretation?

A)Cutting your losses
B)Learning the hard way
C)Comparing yourself to those who are better off
D)Looking for something good in a bad experience

Question 45

Helena often used humor to point out faults in others and shortcomings.It is most likely that her use of humor

A)will increase her depression.
B)will create a social support system for her.
C)is highly adaptive.
D)is related to her better mental health.

Question 46

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as an explanation for how humor helps to reduce the effects of stress and promote wellness?

A)Humor increases the experience of positive emotions.
B)Humor facilitates rewarding social interactions.
C)Humor facilitates the release of stress-relieving neurotransmitters.
D)Humor affects appraisals of stressful events.

Question 47

Albert Ellis believed that problematic emotional reactions to stress are caused by

A)unpleasant events.
B)catastrophic thinking.
C)excessively logical thinking.
D)the over-reliance on defense mechanisms.

Question 48

Constructive coping is aimed at

A)changing one's interpretation of stressful events.
B)the stressful situation itself.
C)managing emotional distress.
D)all of the above.

Question 49

Problem-solving has been linked to

A)better psychological adjustment.
B)lower levels of depression.
C)fewer health complaints.
D)all of the above.

Question 50

Susan was wiped out from her third chemotherapy treatment,yet when asked about how she was doing through all of this,she replied,"Now I am able to have a lot more compassion for my grandmother who went through this,too,and it has brought us closer together." Susan illustrates the use of ___________ as a coping strategy.

A)positive reinterpretation
B)reaction formation
C)learned helplessness
D)catharsis

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a type of constructive coping described in your text?

A)Appraisal-focused
B)Emotion-focused
C)Problem-focused
D)Cognition-focused

Question 52

According to Albert Ellis,the goal of therapy is to replace catastrophic thinking with more low-key, ___________ analysis.

A)intuitive
B)natural
C)rational
D)congruent

Question 53

Finding humor in the situation is considered a(n) ___________ focused strategy of constructive coping.

A)appraisal
B)emotion
C)problem
D)cognition

Question 54

According to Albert Ellis,which of these statements is NOT a way to reduce catastrophic thinking?

A)Sport unrealistic pessimism
B)Examine self-talk
C)Look for key words,such as must and always
D)Keep your concerns to yourself

Question 55

Albert Ellis developed _________ therapy,a system of psychotherapy based on altering clients' appraisals of events in order to reduce maladaptive emotions and behaviors.

A)client-centered
B)psychodynamic
C)rational-emotive behavior
D)social learning

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT one of the main components of Ellis's model of catastrophic thinking?

A)Consequence
B)Unconditioned response
C)Belief system
D)Activating event

Question 57

According to Ellis,which of the following would be an example of irrational thinking?

A)"I would like to succeed in my chosen profession."
B)"I must be admired and liked by everyone who meets me."
C)"I would prefer to have a certain amount of free time on the weekends."
D)"I think it is important to have a happy marriage."

Question 58

According to Albert Ellis,our emotional reactions to life events result mainly from

A)our activation level at the time.
B)our appraisals of the events.
C)the consequences of the events.
D)congruence between events and expectations.

Question 59

Positive reinterpretation uses

A)a commonsense strategy.
B)a positive comparison strategy.
C)imagining yourself in a similar situation with a worse outcome.
D)all of the above.

Question 60

According to research,which of the following can effectively moderate the negative impact of stress?

A)Dissonance
B)Catharsis
C)Repression
D)Humor

Question 61

Which of the following statements about seeking help from others is NOT true?

A)Social support can help buffer the deleterious effects of stress.
B)Some people have more social support than others.
C)Social support is generally considered a stable,external resource.
D)Many people are reluctant to acknowledge their problems and seek help from others.

Question 62

Reactions to stress are ________ across cultures,and actively seeking help __________ across cultures.

A)similar;has similarities
B)similar;differs
C)different;differs
D)different;has similarities

Question 63

Which of the following statements is NOT an indicator that time pressure is a major stress?

A)You feel overwhelmed with responsibilities.
B)You feel like you have an impossible work schedule.
C)You feel time is under your control.
D)You feel you have too much to do.

Question 64

A person who has the quality of ____________ can monitor,identify,express and regulate emotions,and comprehend the emotions of others.

A)adaptive coping
B)good self-esteem
C)appropriate catharsis
D)emotional intelligence

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT a step in systematic problem-solving?

A)Clarify the problem
B)Think of alternative courses of action
C)Try several different alternatives simultaneously
D)Act,while remaining flexible

Question 66

Which of the following is most likely to hinder people's efforts to clarify their problems?

A)Describing problems in vague generalities
B)Focusing too much on positive feelings
C)Emphasizing the humorous aspects of the problem
D)Generating alternative courses of action

Question 67

Which of the following is NOT an essential component of emotional intelligence?

A)The ability to perceive emotion
B)Separating emotion from thought
C)Reasoning with emotion
D)Regulating emotion

Question 68

Which of the following is the best example of a clearly identified problem?

A)"My life isn't going anywhere."
B)"I am so nervous that I can't think straight."
C)"I never have enough time."
D)"I need to get a job."

Question 69

Seeking social support is considered a(n) ____________ focused strategy of constructive coping.

A)appraisal
B)emotion
C)problem
D)cognition

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that contributes to procrastination?

A)Being focused on immediate events
B)Unable to see consequences of immediate behavior
C)Less reliability in meeting commitments
D)Being future oriented

Question 71

The first step in systematic problem-solving is

A)taking action.
B)clarifying the problem.
C)selecting a course of action.
D)generating alternative courses of action.

Question 72

Systematic problem-solving involves

A)generating alternative courses of action.
B)listing only plausible resolutions.
C)focusing on guaranteed solutions.
D)focusing on emotional outcomes.

Question 73

Research suggests that efforts to actively suppress emotions result in

A)increased autonomic arousal.
B)more efficient time management.
C)inevitable outbursts of physical aggression.
D)deficiencies in one's ability to deal with others.

Question 74

Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test authors are striving to make this test a

A)measure of personality characteristics.
B)measure of emotional temperament.
C)performance-based measure of the ability to deal effectively with emotions.
D)verbal-based measure of the ability to articulate effectively about emotions.

Question 75

Marge was not being asked for a follow-up interview to her job applications.She asked her friend Homer to help her solve the problem.Homer asked her if she was sure what the problem was.Homer was helping Marge

A)generate an alternative course of action.
B)evaluate her alternatives.
C)clarify the problem.
D)take action,but be flexible.

Question 76

Actively seeking help is seen

A)by most cultures as disrupting group harmony.
B)by most cultures as useless in coping with stress.
C)by Asian-American culture as more useful than by European-American culture.
D)as disrupting group harmony by Asian-American culture,but not by European-American culture.

Question 77

Efforts to remedy or conquer the stress-producing problem itself are called _____________ focused coping.

A)problem
B)thought
C)emotion
D)situation

Question 78

Students writing three essays about difficulties adjusting to college were __________ than students who wrote about other topics with less emotional connection.

A)healthier
B)less healthy
C)poorer students
D)the same as

Question 79

Mark is able to see the consequences of deciding to put off studying for his psychology exam.With regard to time management,Mark is

A)present oriented.
B)future oriented.
C)unrealistic.
D)more likely to procrastinate.

Question 80

____________ is a strategy for generating as many alternative courses of action as possible while withholding criticism and evaluation.

A)Brainstorming
B)Overcompensating
C)Cognitive dissonance
D)Appraising