Deck 7: Ethics

Question 1

Epictetus was a(n)

A) Stoic
B) Aristotelian
C) Epicurean
D) Platonist

Answer 1

A

Question 2

If you believe that what is right or wrong for a person is dictated by her culture you reject the view that morality has
a rational basis.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Who developed the categorical imperative?

A) Mill
B) Artistotle
C) Aquinas
D) Kant

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Ethics is the study of

A) Morality
B) Religion
C) Metaphysics
D) Efficacy

Question 5

Aquinas defended the principle of double effect.

Question 6

Aristotle developed an early version of virtue ethics.

Question 7

A theory that measures the morality of an action by its consequences is a

A) Deontological theory
B) Pragmatic theory
C) Prudential theory
D) Consequentialist theory

Question 8

Donald Levy believes that sexual acts that cannot result in reproduction are wrong.

Question 9

Nel Noddings' book Caring agrees with Kant that caring for others must be based on a firm sense of moral obligations and not on feelings.

Question 10

Basic to the doctrines of Buddhism are the

A) Five Noble Truths
B) Four Noble Truths
C) Three Noble Commands
D) Six Noble Commands

Question 11

The view that only pleasure is worth having for its own sake is

A) Hedonism
B) Consequentialism
C) Egoism
D) Deontology

Question 12

Epicurus was concerned with "sober thinking".

Question 13

Bentham was a utilitarian.

Question 14

Epicurus was a hedonist.

Question 15

If morality is based on God's commands then everything that God commands is right.

Question 16

The Buddhist concern with stopping suffering means that Buddhism is a form of utilitarianism.

Question 17

Aristotle endorsed:

A) Deontological ethics
B) Virtue ethics
C) Consequentialist ethics
D) Divine command ethics

Question 18

Epictetus believed that the good man should live according to nature.

Question 19

Carol Gilligan believed that moral development for a woman was marked by progress towards more adequate ways of caring for herself and others.

Question 20

Richard Taylor is

A) An act utilitarian
B) A rule utilitarian
C) An act deontologist
D) A rule deontologist

Question 21

What philosopher wrote: "The business of the wise and good man is to live conforming to nature"?

A) Zeno
B) Epictetus
C) Epicurus
D) Plato

Question 22

What is the human problem that Buddhism is concerned with?

A) Angst.
B) Suffering.
C) Injustice.
D) Fortitude.

Question 23

Immanuel Kant said that the only thing in the world that has absolute, unqualified moral value is

A) God.
B) a good will.
C) the trait of moderation.
D) happiness.

Question 24

denies the existence of a single, universally applicable moral standard.

Question 25

What philosopher argues that killing an adult human being is wrong because it deprives one of a fundamental good: one's own future life with all its experiences, activities, projects, and enjoyments?

A) Jane English
B) Richard Hare
C) Immanual Kant
D) Don Marquis

Question 26

John Finnis endorses_____________ ethics.

Question 27

What view holds that different societies or cultures have different moralities?

A) descriptive relativism
B) ethical relativism
C) rule utilitarianism
D) ethical absolutism

Question 28

is allowing someone or something else to decide the moral principles that one will follow.

Question 29

The utilitarian ethics of Bentham and Mill is a version of

A) deontological ethics.
B) consequentialist ethics.
C) divine command theory.
D) virtue ethics.

Question 30

What philosopher argues that sexual activities are unnatural and immoral when they deny a basic good without necessity and do so for the sake of sexual pleasure?

A) John Finnis
B) James Rachel
C) Donald Levy
D) Jeremy Bentham

Question 31

Which one of the following was not included in Bentham's hedonistic calculus?

A) Intensity: How strong is the pleasure?
B) Duration: How long will the pleasure last?
C) Value: Is the pleasure a lower, physical pleasure or a higher, intellectual pleasure?
D) Extent: How many people will be affected?

Question 32

The psychologist Carol Gilligan argued that

A) all children employ the same ethical principles.
B) children whose parents had more education had higher levels of moral development.
C) women tend to approach ethics differently from men.
D) women tend to approach ethics by focusing on being impartial.

Question 33

Which of the following philosophers was a hedonist?

A) Harry Browne
B) Plato
C) Epicurus
D) James Rachels

Question 34

A consequentialist theory measures the morality of an action by its consequences.

Question 35

Nel Noddings argues that

A) Care is superior to principles
B) Love is superior to rights
C) Duties are superior to caring
D) Ethics is culturally relative

Question 36

The ethical view that holds that humans should live according to nature is called

A) natural law ethics.
B) deontological ethics.
C) virtue ethics.
D) consequentialist ethics.

Question 37

Christian Divine Command theory is a(n) ethical theory.

A) consequentialist
B) nonconsequentialist
C) deontological
D) utilitarian

Question 38

Kant's categorical imperative states that we should do something only if we are willing to have the maxim governing our action become _.

Question 39

The second version of the categorical imperative enjoins us to

A) treat people as an end and never as a means only.
B) decide if the consequences of your action would make people happy.
C) ask yourself if you would want everyone to follow your example.
D) think about how you would feel if people knew what you did.

Question 40

Bentham developed a(n) calculus.

Question 41

Don Marquis's argument is an argument from .

Question 42

Aristotle argued that true is based on two people's mutual recognition of the goodness of the other.

Question 43

Outline the principle of double effect. Why did Aquinas defend this principle? Do you believe that the moral status of
your actions depends in part on whether you intended or merely foresaw their consequences? Explain your answer.

Question 44

Do you believe that abortion is ever morally acceptable? If so, under what circumstances? If not, why not? In both cases you must justify your views. Do your views on the morality of abortion commit you to any position on the question of whether or not it should be legal? Explain your answer here.

Question 45

According to Buddha, morality is "washed all around" with .

Question 46

Carol Gilligan criticized the model of stages of moral development developed by .

Question 47

Do you believe that an Aristotelian virtue ethicist is committed to being concerned with the virtue of caring? If so, in what way would Aristotle's views need to be revised, if at all? If not, explain why not.

Question 48

Do you believe that a theory of what makes an action right should also provide an account of why we should perform right actions? If you do not, explain what you think the purpose of moral theories is, if they are not intended to motivate persons to do the right thing. If you do think that moral theories should be prescriptive in this sense, choose either (a) Kantian deontology, or (b) utilitarianism, and determine how well they achieve this end.

Question 49

In what ways are ethical egoism and utilitarianism similar, and in what ways are they different? Which do you believe is the more persuasive of the two theories?

Question 50

Aristotle wrote that human beings can be happy only if they fulfill their basic human .