Deck 2: Paradigms, Theory, and Research

Question 1

The best example of a researcher who developed widely accepted theories based upon inductive reasoning is:

A)Erving Goffman
B)Emile Durkheim
C)Karl Marx
D)Max Weber
E)Guillermina Jasso

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following topics would a macrotheorist be more likely to study than a microtheorist?

A)The effect of judge's instructions on jury deliberations
B)The relationships between government,family and the economy
C)The grandparent-grandchild relationship
D)Student-faculty interactions
E)Dating behaviors

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following illustrates the use of the inductive method?

A)Hypothesis,observations,accept or reject hypothesis
B)Observations,pattern finding,and generalizations
C)Theory,hypothesis,observations,generalizations
D)Theory,observations,and generalizations
E)Generalizations,theory,and observations

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Scientific inquiry is a process involving an alternation of deduction and induction.

Question 5

The traditional model of science uses inductive logic.

Question 6

Maureen is performing a study in which she interviews disabled military veterans about how they are adapting to being back home.She is focusing on questions about what it means to be perceived by others as both "disabled" and a "veteran." What paradigm is Maureen's work most likely shaped by?

A)Ethnomethodology
B)Critical Race
C)Symbolic interactionism
D)Structural functionalism
E)Conflict

Question 7

The idea that knowledge is based on observation made through one of the five senses rather than on belief alone is termed:

A)conflict theory
B)social systems theory
C)structural functionalism
D)positivism
E)either structural functionalism or social systems theory

Question 8

In deduction we start from observed data and develop a generalization that explains the relationship between the observed concepts.

Question 9

A sociologist with a symbolic interactionist orientation would be MOST likely to do research on which of the following question(s)?

A)Is conflict inevitable in the sibling relationship?
B)What function does marriage serve for society?
C)What is the effect of economic conditions on the crime rate?
D)Which unstated norms govern the interactions between family members?
E)All of these choices are equally likely to be asked by a symbolic interactionist.

Question 10

A model or scheme for helping us organize and interpret the world is referred to as :

A)paradigm
B)theory
C)hypothesis
D)law
E)concept

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of theory for research?

A)Theory helps to prevent our being taken in by flukes
B)Theory helps to gloss over any shortcomings in research findings
C)Theory helps us to make sense out of observed patterns
D)Theory shapes and directs research efforts
E)Theory helps us to explain occurrences

Question 12

While doing research on crime,Professor Middler notes that crime creates jobs in law enforcement and related careers.He also notices that crime reinforces community norms when criminals are caught and punished.Professor Middler has probably adopted a _______ approach to the study of crime.

A)conflict theory
B)social Darwinism
C)structural functionalism
D)ethnomethodology
E)symbolic interactionism

Question 13

Social scientists generally believe that the succession from one paradigm to another represents progress from a false view to a true one.

Question 14

Studying the discrepancy in police response for burglary cases when compared to corporate embezzlement would likely be coming from a _____________ paradigm.

A)conflict
B)symbolic interactionist
C)feminist
D)ethnomethodologist
E)structural functionalist

Question 15

The Minamata disease,a disease which produced severe nervous disorders and birth defects,was traced to the fact that the Chisso Chemical Company dumped mercury into a bay where Japanese villagers fished.The villagers of Minamata,where the company was located,refused to sue the chemical company.However,the residents of Niigata,a fishing village forty miles up the river from the factory,sued the chemical company.Which of the following explanations flows from the conflict paradigm?

A)The Minamata victims were less likely to be tied socially,economically,and physically to the company than were the Niigato victims.
B)The Japanese culture frowns on lawsuits
C)The chemical company controlled more of the village resources in Minamata than in Niigato
D)People in Niigato aren't as nice as people in Minamata
E)None of these choices

Question 16

Which of the following outlines the steps in the traditional of science model?

A)Empirical observations,theoretical understanding,operationalization of concepts,a testable hypothesis
B)Theoretical understanding,a testable hypothesis,operationalization of concepts,empirical observations
C)Theoretical understanding,operationalization of concepts,a testable hypothesis,empirical observations
D)Operationalization of concepts,a testable hypothesis,empirical observations,theoretical understanding
E)A testable hypothesis,operationalization of concepts,empirical testing,theoretical understanding

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of paradigms?

A)Paradigms shape the kinds of observations we are likely to make
B)Paradigms determine the kinds of facts we will discover
C)Paradigms shape the conclusions that we draw from facts
D)Paradigms determine whether we look at micro or macro concerns
E)Paradigms are selected by a researcher to achieve desired results

Question 18

Sophisticated positivists assume that humans will always act rationally.

Question 19

The idea that knowledge is based on observations made through the five senses rather than on beliefs is called positivism.

Question 20

The conflict paradigm is limited to economic analysis.

Question 21

The deductive model tends to link to theory development and the inductive model to theory testing.