Deck 16: China

Question 1

Mao's late-1960s political campaign in which student radicals attacked authority figures such as party-state officials and intellectuals was the

A)Cultural Revolution.
B)Great Leap Forward.
C)Hundred Flowers Campaign.
D)Red Revolt.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution primarily targeted

A)the working poor.
B)student revolutionaries.
C)disloyal Communist Party leaders.
D)those with the most economic and professional expertise.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The Red Guard was composed of

A)Maoist student radicals.
B)the initial leaders of the Chinese Revolution in 1949.
C)the founders of the Chinese Communist Party in the 1920s.
D)the Soviet faction of the Chinese Communist Party in the 1950s.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

How does the National Party Congress's role in policy making compare to the policy-making role of the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC)?

A)The PSC has near total control over national policy making;the National Party Congress does little more than ratify policies already decided upon,though it does allow for some expression of dissenting opinions.
B)The PSC has full policy-making control over matters of national security and economy,but the National Party Congress is granted legislative (and thus policy)power over most other aspects of national policy.
C)The PSC and the National Party Congress are strongly symbiotic,with leaders of each body meeting privately to negotiate over any major policy change that will strongly affect the country.
D)Neither the PSC nor the National Party Congress exerts much control over policy making,but the National Party Congress does at least generate legislation that becomes a part of the national debate.

Question 5

The Chinese leader responsible for initiating China's post-Mao program of reform and opening was

A)Hu Jintao.
B)Deng Xiaoping.
C)Wen Jiabao.
D)Xi Jinping.

Question 6

Falun Gong refers to

A)the overseas Chinese community.
B)China's controversial one-child policy.
C)wealthy private entrepreneurs.
D)a government-banned Chinese meditation sect.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the provinces of Xinjiang and Tibet is accurate?

A)The Chinese government has made major investments in transport and communication infrastructure improvement in these regions.
B)Persistently harsh repression has been largely successful in quelling ethnic protest in the regions.
C)Chinese leaders have periodically engaged in negotiations for independence in these provinces but have never granted it,even for provisional periods.
D)What little independence is to be had in these regions stems in large part from the Chinese government's continued disinterest in their strategic value or natural resources.

Question 8

Mao and the Chinese Communist Party's circuitous 1930s retreat westward into China's hinterland was known as the

A)Heroic Retreat.
B)Prelude to Victory.
C)Ten Thousand Li Struggle.
D)Long March.

Question 9

China's legislature is known as the

A)Socialist People's Parliament.
B)National People's Congress.
C)House of the People.
D)Plenary Hall.

Question 10

The Chinese political organization that vied with the Chinese Communist Party for control of China during the first half of the twentieth century was the

A)Chinese Liberation Party.
B)Beijing Alliance.
C)Nationalist Party.
D)Democratic League.

Question 11

Deng Xiaoping introduced the "household responsibility system," which referred to

A)privatizing farming.
B)expanding the welfare state.
C)imposing a strict birth control policy.
D)expanding urban housing.

Question 12

In which of the following ways are the internal workings of the Chinese Communist Party similar to those of governments of advanced democracies?

A)Term limits are imposed on top leaders.
B)The party faces serious political opposition from several other popular parties.
C)Party membership is formally required for ascension to top posts.
D)Top party leaders are subject to election by popular vote restricted to party members.

Question 13

Which of the following could be considered a component of the "Beijing consensus"?

A)granting massive credit to state-owned enterprises through state banks
B)allowing small villages to engage in open voting for their regional leadership
C)closing down the special economic zones created by Deng Xiaoping
D)ending support for domestic enterprises so that foreign investment can flourish

Question 14

Which of the following best characterizes the purpose of the "Three Represents" policy?

A)co-optation of wealthy entrepreneurs into the Chinese Communist Party
B)harmonizing the diplomatic relations of Hong Kong,Taiwan,and China
C)broadening the scope of the special economic zones to include major industrial centers like Beijing
D)extending rudimentary civil rights and voting opportunities to ethnic minorities like Tibetans,Mongolians,and Uighurs

Question 15

China's "floating population" refers to

A)the huge number of Chinese people overseas.
B)Chinese flooded out by the Three Gorges Dam.
C)rural itinerant workers seeking greater prosperity in cities.
D)large numbers of ethnic Japanese who represent a new trend in immigration.

Question 16

The Chinese Communists' disastrous attempt in the late 1950s to depart from the Soviet model by rapidly establishing locally directed communes was known as

A)reform and opening.
B)the Hundred Flowers Campaign.
C)the Cultural Revolution.
D)the Great Leap Forward.

Question 17

Which of the following factors has exacerbated China's serious environmental problems?

A)absence of postmaterialist values in China
B)use of a Western-liberal capitalist development model
C)devolving industrial decision-making authority to local officials
D)rejection of foreign investment from other industrial powers

Question 18

Coastal capitalist enclaves established during the late 1970s as part of reform and opening were known as

A)special economic zones.
B)duty-free districts.
C)kaifa.
D)entrepôts.

Question 19

What is the relationship between the National People's Congress (NPC)and the daily executive government of China?

A)The NPC formally appoints members of the State Council,which runs the daily executive work of the Chinese government.
B)The NPC approves the major executive decisions of the State Council with a majority vote.
C)The NPC chooses the premier of the State Council,who will largely guide its policy,with a majority vote.
D)The NPC serves as the core policy organ of the Central Committee of the CCP,which develops and implements all executive policy.

Question 20

Which of the following represents a core component of Confucianism?

A)meritocracy
B)elevation of the people's will
C)elimination of hierarchy
D)equality of wealth

Question 21

The iron rice bowl refers to

A)China's restrictions against private agriculture.
B)the strong role of the army in Chinese politics.
C)China's continuing reliance on heavy industry over consumer goods.
D)China's welfare system,which includes lifetime health care,work,and retirement security.

Question 22

How has the current Xi Jinping government addressed the problem of corruption in China?

A)His government has targeted only those business leaders who are not associated with the CCP.
B)His government has targeted both high- and low-ranking officials and arrested huge numbers.
C)His government has targeted only those officials and business leaders with deep ties to the West.
D)His government has sought to use corruption reform as a cloak with which to punish only Tibetan leaders.

Question 23

Why does the process of political succession pose such a challenge to the dominance of the CCP? How have leaders sought to deal with the issue of political succession in China?

Question 24

Discuss the relationship between the Chinese state and the Chinese Communist Party.Can they be separated and assessed as separate institutions?

Question 25

Briefly discuss China's separatist challenges in both Tibet and Xinjiang.How might China's experiences with Hong Kong and Taiwan have influenced its policies toward these two regions?

Question 26

How has the political culture in China changed from pre-communist times to the present day? How has China blended Confucian and Maoist (communist)ideology? What obstacles exist for studying political culture in China?

Question 27

Which of the following statements about China's political culture is accurate?

A)Chinese paternalism has weakened substantially in recent decades as women have regularly accepted top CCP leadership posts.
B)The large degree with which the Chinese people have accepted CCP leadership suggests that Maoism has had a deep and lasting impact on Chinese political culture.
C)Chinese leaders today promote Confucian values as a means of increasing governmental legitimacy,even though Mao opposed Confucianism.
D)Communist control of Chinese political culture remains evident in the inability of China's rural poor to organize any serious attempts at protest and dissent.

Question 28

What did Mao intend to accomplish with the Great Leap Forward,and what was its actual result? How did Mao respond to the results of the Great Leap Forward?