Deck 5: Temperature Relations

Question 1

Metabolic heat (H_m) is the heat

A) energy intake an organism must have for movement.
B) released during cellular respiration.
C) energy needed in order to undergo cellular respiration.
D) energy loss due to evaporation.
E) None of the choices are correct.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Getting up from your chair you realize that it is warm. What is the method of heat exchange?

A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Evaporation
D) Radiation
E) None of the choices are correct.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Desert plants can prevent overheating by utilizing all of the following temperature regulating methods except

A) paraheliotropism.
B) decreasing rates of radiative heating.
C) decreasing conductive heating.
D) increasing evaporative cooling.
E) increasing convective cooling.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Bluefin tuna and mackerel sharks are considered to be endothermic fish because their

A) lateral swim muscles heat cool venous blood, thereby elevating their body temperature above the surrounding water temperature.
B) abdominal swim muscles heat cool venous blood, thereby matching their body temperature to the surrounding water temperature.
C) lateral swim muscles cool warm arterial blood, thereby elevating their body temperature above the surrounding water temperature.
D) lateral swim muscles heat cool arterial blood, thereby elevating their body temperature above the surrounding water temperature.
E) lateral swim muscles heat cool arterial blood, thereby matching their body temperature to the surrounding water temperature.

Question 5

Which of the following are mismatched?

A) Psychrophile: salt-loving microbe
B) Thermophile: heat-loving microbe
C) Poikilotherm: body temperature varies with environment
D) Homeotherm: constant body temperature
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 6

It's a hot summer day, and you begin to sweat. What is the method of heat exchange?

A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Evaporation
D) Radiation
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 7

How are the studies performed on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the moss Pleurozium schreberi and the desert shrub Atriplex lentiformis similar?

A) Both studies examine the effects of microclimates.
B) Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range.
C) Both studies are coupled to enzymatic activity.
D) Both studies examine the effects of microclimates and studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range.
E) Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range and are coupled to enzymatic activity.

Question 8

In general, reptiles are considered to be

A) ectotherms.
B) homeotherms.
C) endotherms.
D) endothermic poikilotherms.
E) endothermic heterotherms.

Question 9

Torpor and hibernation share all of the following except

A) duration.
B) decreased body temperature.
C) decreased metabolic rate.
D) decreased energy demand.
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 10

All of the following are components that influence a microclimate except

A) burrows.
B) vegetation.
C) ground color.
D) topography.
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 11

The body temperature of ________ varies directly with the environment.

A) homeotherms
B) poikilotherms
C) psychrotherms
D) envirotherms
E) microtherms

Question 12

Most insects use external sources of heat to achieve their operative temperature range. Heinrich's research on the sphinx moth (Manduca sexta) indicates that some insects can thermoregulate by using their flight muscles and

A) using their blood as a coolant.
B) decreasing their metabolic rate.
C) possessing an internal respiratory system.
D) using a countercurrent heat exchange mechanism.
E) using a concurrent heat exchange mechanism.

Question 13

Research indicates that the broad-tailed hummingbird will enter into torpor

A) if a minimum surrounding air temperature is met.
B) during a summer drought.
C) if their body fat drops below 15%.
D) if darkness exceeds daylight hours.
E) if insufficient nectar is obtained.

Question 14

According to Kidron, Barzilay, and Sachs' research on the dune slopes of the Negev Desert, moss would most likely be found on ________ facing slopes due to ________.

A) south; decreased evaporation rates
B) south; increased evaporation rates
C) north; increased evaporation rates
D) north; decreased evaporation rates
E) Moss does not grow in the Negev Desert.

Question 15

Mammalian and avian aquatic endotherms use all of the following mechanisms to thermoregulate except

A) fat
B) internal respiratory systems
C) fur or feathers
D) concurrent heat exchange
E) countercurrent heat exchange

Question 16

Which of the following survival mechanisms help animals survive very cold temperatures?

A) Hibernation
B) Countercurrent heat exchange
C) Basking
D) Both hibernation and countercurrent heat exchange
E) Both countercurrent heat exchange and basking

Question 17

It is a very hot day, and you jump into a lake to cool off. What is the method of heat exchange?

A) Conduction
B) Radiation
C) Evaporation
D) Convection
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Dolphins use ________ to conserve body heat.

A) concurrent heat exchange
B) countercurrent heat exchange
C) thoracic muscles
D) diet
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

The arctic and alpine cushion plants and the Camnula grasshopper both use ________ to aid in thermoregulation.

A) countercurrent heat exchange mechanisms
B) endothermic methods
C) increased water retention
D) torpor
E) dark pigmentation

Question 20

When an organism becomes acclimated to a new environmental situation; it will generally involve

A) physiological changes.
B) genetic changes.
C) sociological changes.
D) both physiological changes and genetic changes.
E) both genetic changes and sociological changes.

Question 21

According to Levins' principle of allocation, adaptation (higher fitness) to one environment results in reduced fitness in another environment.

Question 22

The thermal neutral zone of a homeothermic animal is

A) the temperature range at which conductive heat gain and convective heat loss are equal.
B) the temperature range at which psychrophilic and thermophilic enzymes are both operating.
C) the temperature range at which the metabolizable energy intake equals metabolizable energy output.
D) the temperature range over which the metabolic rate does not change.
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 23

If you wanted to measure the average kinetic motion in a mass of soil, you would find its ________.

A) heat energy
B) temperature
C) molecular mass
D) potential energy

Question 24

Allocation is not considered an evolutionary process because it involves only physiological changes, not genetic.

Question 25

What statements are accurate regarding Bennett and Lenski's experiments testing the principle of allocation? (Select all that apply.)

A) Their results showed changes in fitness in E. coli but did not support the principle of allocation.
B) The fitness differences in the E. coli lines provided support for the principle of allocation.
C) Bacterial lines grown at low temperatures had lower fitness at high temperatures when compared with their ancestral lines.
D) Bacterial lines grown at high temperatures had reduced fitness at low temperatures when compared with their ancestral lines.

Question 26

An animal will use different ________ to maintain an optimum operative temperature range.

Question 27

In order to find the highest number of tiger beetles (Neocicindela perhispida campbelli) at 4:30 pm, you should search in the ________.

Question 28

A population of sparrows is relocated from its native location at 50 meters above sea level to a new location 1500 meters above sea level. After a few weeks, the sparrows have acclimated to their new, lower oxygen environment. Would you expect the babies born after this time to go through their own acclimation period?

A) No, because the changes induced by their parents' acclimation will be passed on to them.
B) No, because the babies are born at 1500 meters, it is their native habitat and they will not need to acclimate.
C) Yes, because the changes induced by their parents' acclimation will be not passed on to them.

Question 29

Animals that rely mainly on external sources of energy for regulating body temperature are called

A) epitherms.
B) endotherms.
C) ectotherms.
D) peritherms.
E) intertherms.

Question 30

Plants, unlike animals, cannot thermoregulate.

Question 31

Ectothermic poikilotherms can allocate more metabolic energy into body temperature regulation compared to endothermic homeotherms.

Question 32

Macroclimates and microclimates vary only slightly from one another in terms of temperature and moisture.

Question 33

Research suggests that the localized extinction of several species of land snails near Basal, Switzerland was due to

A) genetic mutation.
B) toxic water source.
C) climatic warming.
D) exotic predator.
E) loss of habitat.

Question 34

The leaves of many desert plants are covered with a dense coating of white plant hairs. These hairs reduce their ________ gain.

A) H_cd
B) H_cv
C) H_m
D) H_r
E) both H_cd and H_cv

Question 35

Aquatic environments show less temperature variations than terrestrial environments.

Question 36

You are a student working in the laboratory of a researcher who studies rainbow trout. A power outage over the weekend results in temperatures of over 25°C in the large pools which house the fish. When you arrive Monday morning you notice the fish are swimming on their sides or swimming in spirals. What conclusions can you draw?

A) The fish are suffering thermal stress.
B) The fish are experiencing improper neuronal function.
C) The affinity of acetylcholinesterase for acetylcholine is reduced.
D) The temperature of the water is affecting fish enzyme shape and flexibility.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 37

How does the skunk cabbage maintain the temperature of its inflorescence 15°C to 35°C above air ambient temperature?

A) Metabolizing starch at a very high rate
B) Orienting the inflorescence perpendicular to the sun's rays
C) Maintaining a bowl shape which reflects and concentrates solar energy
D) Maintaining a cushion shape
E) Extending its inflorescence along the ground to maximize conductive heat gain

Question 38

The thermal stability of aquatic environments is a result of the ________.

A) high specific heat of water
B) low latent heat of vaporization of water
C) low latent heat of fusion of water
D) All of the choices are correct.
E) both high specific heat of water and low latent heat of vaporization of water

Question 39

The arctic flower, Dryas integrifolia, regulates the temperature of its reproductive structures by

A) sun-tracking behavior.
B) increasing its metabolic rate.
C) dark petal coloration.
D) both sun-tracking behavior and increasing its metabolic rate.
E) both increasing its metabolic rate and dark petal coloration.

Question 40

Homeothermic endotherms use a significant portion of their metabolic energy to maintain body temperature.

Question 41

What statement accurately summarizes the changes in the distribution of A. arbustorum around Basel between 1900 and 1990?

A) In 1993, A. arbustorum was found at all the same sites surveyed in the early 1900s, but at much lower densities.
B) In 1993, A. arbustorum was not found at 8 out of the 29 sites surveyed in the early 1900s.
C) In 1993, the sites where A. arbustorum was found were cooler and had lower elevations than the sites where the snail was not found.
D) In 1993, 8 of the 16 sites where A. arbustorum was not found had suitable vegetation but were close enough to urban areas to experience higher temperatures.

Question 42

What component(s) is/are missing from the following equation for photosynthesis? (Select all that apply.) 6 CO₂ + Light → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + 6 H₂O

A) 6 H₂0
B) Chlorophyll
C) 12 O2
D) 12 H₂O
E) Sugar

Question 43

Urban areas store more heat and have higher rates of evaporation than vegetated areas.