Deck 7: Balance and Coordination

Question 1

Where are mechanoreceptors located?

A) Muscle
B) Tendon
C) Ligament
D) All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

In progressive balancing exercises,which of the following exercises would come first?

A) Seated: eyes open,then eyes closed
B) Single-leg standing: eyes open,then eyes closed
C) Minitrampoline: double-leg standing
D) Balance board

Answer 2

Seated: eyes open,then eyes closed

Question 3

Which of the following descriptions of coordination tests applies to the finger-to-nose test?

A) A static position test in which the arms are held horizontal or the knees extended
B) A reciprocal motion test in which the patient is asked to receive and deliver a ball
C) A reciprocal motion test in which the patient alternately touches the tip of each finger with the tip of the thumb
D) A reciprocal motion test in which the patient touches the tip of the index finger to the tip of the nose

Answer 3

A reciprocal motion test in which the patient touches the tip of the index finger to the tip of the nose

Question 4

In progressive balancing exercises,which of the following exercises would come last?

A) Seated: eyes open,then eyes closed
B) Single-leg standing: eyes open,then eyes closed
C) Minitrampoline: double-leg standing
D) Balance board

Question 5

Which of the following are included in a comprehensive balance assessment and training?

A) Progressive tasks of incremental difficulty
B) Static stance with varying bases of support
C) Progressive tasks with unexpected perturbations
D) All of the above

Question 6

Which training exercise would be most appropriate for the glenohumeral joint of a gymnast?

A) Double- and single-leg squats on stable and unstable surfaces
B) Forward and backward gait walking
C) Medicine balls and physioballs
D) Stretching exercises that emphasize the spine and hips

Question 7

Muscle spindles convey information regarding:

A) nutrients delivered to the muscle.
B) muscle length and rate of length change.
C) muscle tension.
D) the balance of the body.

Question 8

Which of the following is involved in coordination?

A) Sensory organs
B) Muscle function
C) Central nervous system centers
D) All of the above

Question 9

What term is defined as the perception of knowing joint position,movement,and movement resistance?

A) Coordination
B) Neuromuscular control
C) Proprioception
D) Balance

Question 10

Which of the following exercises is NOT a closed kinetic chain (CKC)exercise?

A) Double- and single-leg squats on stable and unstable surfaces
B) Forward and backward gait
C) Sidestepping and heel-to-toe walking
D) Reaching for an object placed outside of the patient's reach

Question 11

Which of the following mechanoreceptors is responsible for conveying information regarding muscle tension?

A) Golgi tendon organs
B) Ruffini receptors
C) Pacinian corpuscles
D) Free nerve endings

Question 12

When planning a progressive balance training plan for your postoperative patient,where would you begin with activities?

A) The tasks and drills begin and progress according to the abilities of the patient
B) The tasks and drills are established two levels above what the patient can perform to challenge his balance and coordination
C) The tasks and drills are initiated a level below what the patient can perform and progress as the patient progresses
D) The tasks and drills are established based on the diagnosis and followed on a set time schedule

Question 13

Balance tests and balance treatment activities use the same movements.How does the physical therapist assistant challenge the patient and test different aspects of the postural control system?

A) By counting the number of repetitions within a given time frame
B) By counting the time the patient can maintain a certain balance activity
C) By manipulating the conditions in which the balance tasks are conducted
D) There is no way to change balance tests; they are designed to measure all aspects of the postural control system

Question 14

A critical safety component in all balance and proprioception activities is the patient's ability to demonstrate which of the following?

A) Increased range of motion (ROM)
B) Improved strength
C) Steady gait
D) Protective reactions

Question 15

Select the term that is defined as the ability to produce patterns of body and limb motions in the context of environmental objects and events.

A) Coordination
B) Neuromuscular control
C) Proprioception
D) Balance

Question 16

For which training tasks would a wobble board be used?

A) Balance training for the lower extremities
B) Coordination training for the upper extremities
C) Proprioceptive training for the upper extremities
D) Flexibility training for the lower extremities

Question 17

Why is balance training and proprioceptive training needed for upper extremities?

A) Many household chores involve the repetitive use of arms and shoulders to lift,pull,and carry
B) Surgery,injury,and immobilization lead to significant alterations in proprioception
C) Many workers use their arms and shoulders in their jobs with vigorous weight bearing
D) All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to balance dysfunction?

A) ROM
B) Coordination
C) Perception
D) CKC exercises

Question 19

Which of the following is not a sensory source that a patient relies on for balance?

A) Vision
B) Proprioceptive
C) Somatosensory
D) Vestibular

Question 20

Select the term that is defined as the ability to maintain the center of mass over the base of support.

A) Coordination
B) Neuromuscular control
C) Proprioception
D) Balance