Deck 16: Europe in the Age of Louis Xiv, Ca1640-1715

Question 1

Compare the rise to power of Brandenburg-Prussia under Frederick William with that of Russia under Peter the Great.What were some similarities and differences in the policies of the two men?

Answer 1

There is quite a bit of latitude for comparison and contrast here.Military buildup and oppressive treatment of the peasants are just two common factors.The future historical significance of these two states makes it useful for students to focus on them when they first come on the European scene.

Question 2

Discuss the rise of Sweden to dominance in the Baltic area during the seventeenth century.

Answer 2

A coherent discussion depends on knowledge of the geography involved.Look for references to the several rival states successfully defeated by the Swedes, as well as the elimination of Polish claims to the Swedish throne.

Question 3

Which of the following is not accurate about the second half of the seventeenth century?

A)France developed an effective absolutist monarchy.
B)England experienced at least two changes in government.
C)The Dutch maintained Europe's most successful trading empire to date.
D)Central European powers continued to be decentralized and weak.
E)A dynamic phase of European overseas expansion occurred.

Answer 3

Central European powers continued to be decentralized and weak.

Question 4

How did Mazarin defuse the Fronde?

A)by following the policies of Richelieu
B)by negotiating separate peaces with various individual nobles
C)by playing off the parlement's fear of the Estates-General
D)None of the above.
E)Choices a and b.

Question 5

Survey French and English colonization in the New World.What common themes may be identified? What differences can be detected? What are their long-term implications?

Question 6

Discuss the consolidation of Habsburg territorial power under Leopold I.What obstacles did he face, and what was the result of his policies?

Question 7

As a king, Louis XIV was

A)diligent and hard-working.
B)interested only in court ceremonies.
C)lazy and unintelligent.
D)unable to control the governmental machinery.
E)determined to sustain an expensive and aggressive foreign policy.

Question 8

How did the continuing struggle between King Charles I of England and Parliament escalate after 1642? What Puritan military leader led the parliamentary army against the king? What was the final outcome for Charles?

Question 9

Present an overview of Polish history during this period.What main problems did the Polish-Lithuanian state face? What were the results for Poland of "the deluge"?

Question 10

Describe and explain absolutism under Louis XIV.How absolute was absolutism?

Question 11

Louis XIV successfully established his absolutism because

A)the Parlement of Paris and the Estates General were rival institutions, thus dividing opposition to royal power.
B)aristocrats and bureaucrats could be co-opted by the king.
C)the latest revolt against the king, the Fronde, brought severe hardship to the urban population.
D)of the support from Cardinal Mazarin.
E)All of these.

Question 12

Summarize the Dutch "Golden Age." Why is it so called?

Question 13

What was the name of the French representative assembly?

A)parlements
B)parliament
C)Cortes
D)Estates-General
E)The Diet

Question 14

What was the Fronde?

A)A peasant revolt in France
B)The resistance of the nobility to the policies of absolutism in France
C)Resistance by Huguenots to royal policy
D)The on-again, off-again war with Spain
E)None of these.

Question 15

Summarize the character and political methods of Louis XIV.What specific measures in administrative, economic, and religious policy did he promote? How did he use the court at Versailles as an instrument of royal control?

Question 16

Louis XIV increased the efficiency of his government by

A)reducing the size of the High Council.
B)drawing his ministers from the bourgeoisie, not the nobility.
C)using intendants to circumvent tax farmers.
D)using men according to their expertise and advice they could offer the king.
E)All of these.

Question 17

Summarize events leading up to the Glorious Revolution.Include the character and policies of Charles II and the reason why the birth of James III precipitated the takeover of the throne by William of Orange.

Question 18

Discuss the challenge to royal authority in France as embodied in the Fronde.How did Mazarin cope with it?

Question 19

All of the following are true of mercantilism except that it

A)emphasized national self-sufficiency in manufactured goods.
B)favored state control of trade.
C)greatly damaged the French economy.
D)was adopted by Colbert.
E)relied on collecting specific information, which was used to create future economic policy.

Question 20

Discuss the political ideas of Oliver Cromwell and how he did or did not put them into practice.What finally caused the fall of the Protectorate?

Question 21

How did the Thirty Years' War change military tactics?

A)It increased the usefulness of cavalry.
B)It focused on hand to hand combat.
C)It increased the use of guns, with an emphasis on drill and discipline.
D)It led to smaller, more mobile armies.
E)It led to a rise of mercenaries.

Question 22

Cromwell is known for all of the following except

A)the dissolution of Parliament.
B)the brutal invasion of Ireland and the seizure of Irish property.
C)the establishment of a stable republic.
D)the division of England into districts run by the military.
E)establishing an English Republic having a very narrow political base.

Question 23

Which is not a way in which Louis consolidated power?

A)by marginalizing the nobility to largely ceremonial roles
B)by promoting "New Men" who owed their success to the king
C)by marginalizing the Huguenots
D)by streamlining bureaucracy and increasing tax revenue
E)All of these.

Question 24

How did the Independent Puritans differ from the Parliamentary Presbyterians?

A)They wanted general religious freedom for all.
B)They wanted a restoration of the Anglican Church.
C)They wanted a decentralized Church with no state control.
D)They were friendlier to the Catholics.
E)None of these.

Question 25

How did Louis treat the Huguenots in his realm?

A)He generously increased the purview of the Edict of Nantes.
B)He ignored them.
C)He converted them to Calvinism.
D)He persecuted them, until there was total revocation of toleration.
E)He appointed many of them to government positions.

Question 26

In what ways did James II compromise his position prior to the "Glorious Revolution"?

A)He advocated toleration for Catholics without the consent of parliament.
B)He purged the Irish army of Protestants.
C)He imprisoned several recalcitrant Anglican Bishops.
D)He fathered a Catholic son who had succession rights
E)All of these.

Question 27

How did Louis architecturally symbolize his theory of absolutism?

A)He built many Cathedrals.
B)In massive public works.
C)He constructed the great palace of Versailles.
D)He redesigned the city of Paris.
E)None of these.

Question 28

The works of Racine

A)were all copies of Shakespeare's humorous tales.
B)were all written in prose.
C)glorified the importance of the noble class in France.
D)strongly emphasized the pessimism of the later years of Louis's reign.
E)focused on the violent lives of the characters and society of the time.

Question 29

Two years after Cromwell's death, a newly elected Parliament

A)engineered the Glorious Revolution.
B)proclaimed a new republic.
C)restored the monarchy under Charles II.
D)declared Cromwell's son king.
E)outlawed a constitutional monarchy for England.

Question 30

The Cavalier parliament did which of the following?

A)Passed freedom of religion legislation
B)Imposed Catholicism
C)Required vows of loyalty to the monarch
D)Demanded that Charles II renounce Catholicism or lose the throne
E)Passed legislation that prevented any Protestant monarch from taking the throne

Question 31

Which of the following does not correctly describe the economic activities of Colbert?

A)Reduction of internal tolls and customs barriers
B)Reducing the size of the French military
C)Establishment of state-sponsored trading companies
D)Development of a favorable balance of payment
E)Futuristic national economic planning

Question 32

Political and religious opposition to Charles I of England resulted in

A)an enduring compromise between king and Parliament.
B)the permanent abolition of the monarchy in England.
C)the execution of Oliver Cromwell by the king.
D)civil war and execution of the king.
E)conflict concerning the control over taxation.

Question 33

Molière and Racine were

A)the most important outposts of New France.
B)playwrights in the heyday of French drama.
C)mediocre playwrights whose work symbolized the cultural stagnation of absolutism.
D)two of Louis XIV's most successful ministers.
E)music composers hired to entertain at Versailles.

Question 34

Louis XIV's court had which effect on the nobility?

A)It was both a kind of compensation for lost political power and a means to further weaken it.
B)The rate of literacy among the nobility significantly increased.
C)Elegant, precise etiquette and clever conversations became signs of nobility.
D)Nobles competed with each other to gain the attention of the king.
E)All of these.

Question 35

What sort of Constitutional arrangement was favored by the parliamentarian Presbyterians?

A)a strong, centralized monarchy
B)Anglican-style ecclesiastical establishment
C)balance of power between King and Parliament
D)total religious freedom
E)a Calvinist state-controlled Church

Question 36

The War of Spanish Succession

A)resulted in Louis XIV successfully installing a Bourbon king in Spain.
B)established the rule that France and Spain cannot have the same monarch.
C)resulted in the Low Countries, occupied by Spain, being ceded to Austria.
D)ended with France losing much of its territory in Canada and the Caribbean
E)All of these.

Question 37

Which of the following statements, related to civility in the seventeenth century, is not correct?

A)Dining utensils had been introduced into eating.
B)It opened up a gulf between the classes.
C)Violence did not decrease, although social manners did.
D)A napkin replaced the use of the sleeve and fingers.
E)To show class, nobles traveled by coach instead on horseback.

Question 38

What did "Pride's Purge" accomplish?

A)the resumption of civil war
B)the abolition of the monarchy
C)the expulsion of moderate Presbyterians from parliament
D)the creation of Cromwell as the new king of England
E)the crushing of royalist resistance

Question 39

What was the outcome of the English civil war?

A)The eventual restoration of the monarchy.
B)The virtual dictatorship of Oliver Cromwell.
C)A brutal suppression in Ireland
D)The civil war left a potent legacy.
E)All of these.

Question 40

What is not a characteristic of the Society of Friends (Quakers)?

A)They had an elaborate liturgy.
B)Many had been radical levelers.
C)They refused to take oaths.
D)They desired complete religious autonomy.
E)They refused to recognize social rank.

Question 41

Profit from seventeenth-century European colonies in the Americas was increasingly based on

A)cash crops, especially sugar and tobacco.
B)extraction of wealth, such as silver, rather than production.
C)manufactured goods produced in the colonies.
D)drugs and herbal medicines produced by the Indians.
E)the fur trade.

Question 42

All of the following were true of the Netherlands during this period except it had

A)a healthy merchant oligarchy and prosperous artisan sector.
B)a very high standard of living and the lowest disparity of wealth in Europe.
C)an almost exclusively Calvinist (Reformed)population.
D)persistent political decentralization.
E)a smaller disparity of wealth compared to the rest of Europe.

Question 43

What is an accurate description of the plantation system?

A)towns divided into small freeholdings
B)nobles with serfs
C)large farms with voluntary, salaried labor forces
D)forced labor producing crops on large-scale farms
E)None of these.

Question 44

Which nation did Russia fight in the Great Northern War?

A)Prussia
B)Austria
C)Sweden
D)Denmark
E)The Ottoman Empire

Question 45

The achievements of Peter the Great included

A)the fostering of ethnic Russian life and culture.
B)his determination to live in peace with neighboring countries.
C)Westernization of Russia and development of a powerful army and navy.
D)his resistance to European technology and culture.
E)moving the capital back to Moscow.

Question 46

What was the great achievement of Jan Sobieski?

A)the defeat of Russia
B)the defeat of the Turks at the 2^nd siege of Vienna
C)the humbling of the Sejm
D)election as the first Polish Holy Roman Empire
E)unifying Lithuania and Poland

Question 47

Who were the Junkers?

A)a dispossessed Eastern-European wandering people
B)Jews in Poland
C)Prussian hereditary nobility
D)electors of the Holy Roman Empire
E)None of these.

Question 48

The "Great Elector" consolidated Brandenburg-Prussia through all of the following except

A)terminating Polish overlordship in Prussia.
B)maintaining the general war commissariat in peacetime and using the army to collect high taxes.
C)sponsoring state industries.
D)eliminating the Junkers.
E)sponsoring industry that did not have to compete with urban areas.

Question 49

The consolidation and coherence of Austria was accomplished by all of the following except

A)the Thirty Years' War had strengthened the Habsburgs in their own land.
B)political and institutional changes had been made to accommodate the diverse cultures inside the empire.
C)Bohemian lands achieved during the Thirty Years' War were distributed among loyal Austrian families.
D)a strong political, military, and economic system still thrived in Vienna.
E)support from the papacy.

Question 50

Why did Peter the great found St.Petersburg?

A)Moscow symbolized medieval Russia
B)He desired a western-style capital
C)St.Petersburg provided access to the Baltic Sea and Europe
D)Peter wanted to reorient his nation culturally, economically, and politically toward Europe.
E)All of these.

Question 51

In the seventeenth century, a global economic system emerged that

A)continued to expand dramatically.
B)saw the Dutch, French, and English successfully challenge Spain and Portugal.
C)had a crucial impact on life within Europe.
D)had a crucial impact on the life within Europe and affected production, consumption, and social class.
E)All of these

Question 52

In the seventeenth century, England experienced

A)townspeople and gentry taking opposite stands on the English political system.
B)peace and prosperity indicative of a superior culture and institutions.
C)foreign invasions, unprecedented in its history.
D)peace and prosperity largely due to chance.
E)a series of cataclysmic political events.

Question 53

Which of the following cannot be associated with the decline of Poland-Lithuania in the seventeenth century?

A)The growing power of the aristocracy over both peasants and gentry
B)The resistance of Cossacks to enserfment
C)Destruction of the state and permanent partition
D)Demographic disaster and urban decline
E)The strain of the Counter-Reformation

Question 54

Comparing English and French colonization in North America reveals that

A)there was less reason for the French to leave France than for the English to leave England.
B)French trade was usually more profitable, partly because of friendlier relations with native populations.
C)the English colonists were more numerous and diverse than the French.
D)the greatest profits for both nations came from sugar producing areas in the Caribbean.
E)All of these.

Question 55

An important new German power that emerged after the Thirty Years' War was

A)Saxony.
B)Austria.
C)the Palatine.
D)Brandenburg-Prussia.
E)Bohemia.

Question 56

Factors in the success of the Dutch overseas trading empire included

A)the decline of its Baltic trade.
B)the discovery of rich silver mines in India.
C)the great benefits of the alliance with England.
D)technological improvements and formation of the Dutch East India Company and the Bank of Amsterdam.
E)a solid base of wealthy and stable merchants.

Question 57

The dominant power on the Baltic coast in the seventeenth century was

A)Russia.
B)Sweden.
C)Finland.
D)Poland.
E)Lithuania.

Question 58

The Ottoman threat to Europe finally ended with which of the following?

A)the recapture of Hungary
B)the defeat of the Ottomans at the second siege of Vienna
C)the victory at Lepanto in 1570
D)the Treaty of Carlowitz in 1699
E)the recapture of Constantinople

Question 59

All of the following apply to the "Glorious Revolution" except that it

A)occurred in 1688.
B)brought William and Mary to the English throne.
C)was a triumph for the monarchy.
D)established that future monarchs had to be Protestants.
E)ended James' attempt to retake the throne, when he was defeated in the Battle of Boyne.

Question 60

What did the 1689 Bill of Rights not ensure?

A)freedom of speech
B)frequent calling of parliament
C)reserving the power of the purse to parliament
D)reserving the succession for Protestants alone
E)general toleration for religious minorities

Question 61

Leopold I was instrumental in driving the Ottoman Empire out of the kingdom of Hungary.

Question 62

Where were the earliest permanent English settlements in the New World?

A)Barbados
B)Florida
C)Cuba
D)Massachusetts
E)Virginia

Question 63

In England the "five-mile" act prevented ministers from traveling near their former churches.

Question 64

The first successful French colony was established in Quebec.

Question 65

What was not one of the causes of the peasant rebellions in the 17^th century?

A)depressed economic conditions
B)heavy taxation
C)reduction of peasant's to the status of serfs
D)expansion of royal power
E)urban demand creating food shortages

Question 66

Louis XIV increased government efficiency by inventing new bureaucratic offices.

Question 67

Ivan IV of Russia was known for his quiet and ineffective rule.

Question 68

Peter I of Russia used western tactics, training, and discipline in modernizing his army.

Question 69

The early reign of Louis XIV was marked by the rise of a powerful representative assembly called the Parliament of Paris.

Question 70

Features of European social and economic life in the seventeenth century included

A)the decline of Atlantic trading centers and the flourishing of Mediterranean ports.
B)the decline in urban population.
C)frequent peasant rebellions against higher taxes.
D)the abolition of the putting-out system.
E)a better living style and level of life for the urban working classes.

Question 71

One of the consequences to the Nine Years' War was the discontent of the French people due the burden of war taxes.

Question 72

The Puritan English General, Thomas Pride, served as Lord Protector during the English Civil War, during the interregnum from 1653-1658.

Question 73

The "Glorious Revolution" greatly undermined Parliamentary power in England.