Deck 1: What is Microbiology and Why Does it Matter?

Question 1

A term reserved for a disease that is acquired in a clinical setting is known as a(n)_____ infection.

A)Enterohemorrhagic
B)Contagious
C)Multidrug-resistant
D)Nosocomial
E)Acute

Answer 1

Nosocomial

Question 2

A(n)_____ is the general term that describes someone who does not become sick when harboring an infectious pathogen,but has the potential to transmit the infectious pathogen to others.

A)Carrier
B)Bioterrorist
C)Opportunist
D)Food handler

Answer 2

Carrier

Question 3

What is the general term for the first obstacles to infection which can prevent the pathogenic organism from doing harm?

A)Nosocomial response
B)Virulence factor
C)Host defense
D)Toxins
E)Digestive enzyme

Answer 3

Host defense

Question 4

The appearance of insect-borne diseases in more northerly climates can be attributed to what aspects of climate change? Which diseases are of most concern?

Question 5

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

A)Bacillus anthracis - respiratory disease
B)Escherichia coli - bloody diarrhea
C)Mycobacterium tuberculosis - food poisoning
D)Avian influenza - human flu
E)Yersinia pestis - plague

Question 6

The overarching term that describes the study of the factors responsible for the prevalence and transmission of infectious diseases is

A)Pathogenesis
B)Epidemiology
C)Immunology
D)Virology

Question 7

In early June of 2013,people in the Middle East were worried about a new coronavirus which at that time had led to about 50 confirmed cases,30 of whom had died.The virus could spread from patient to patient in hospitals and soon patients arriving from the Middle East were spreading it to Europe.Give your best guess as to the means by which the virus is transmitted.

Question 8

Which substance or process decreases the virulence of a bacterial pathogen in a host?

A)Peptidoglycan
B)Adaptive immune cells
C)Virulence factor
D)Binary fission
E)Toxins

Question 9

The most common means by which multi-drug resistant tuberculosis is transmitted is

A)Through the use of contaminated needles or syringes
B)By dispersal of aerosols containing droplets carrying causative bacteria
C)By inhaling spores of the causative agent
D)By ingesting undercooked ground beef
E)By individuals who fail to wash their hands after using the lavatory

Question 10

Temperature,pain,redness,and swelling are the hallmarks of

A)Inflammation
B)Virulence
C)Nosocomial infections
D)Immunological memory
E)None of the above

Question 11

The general term for the ability of an organism to overcome host defenses and cause disease is associated with the _____ of a pathogen.

A)Peptidoglycan
B)Latency
C)Virulence
D)Innate immune response
E)Natural habitat

Question 12

Which of the following explains the dramatic decrease in death rates attributed to infectious disease during the twentieth century?

A)Advances in public health
B)Chlorination of drinking water
C)Use of antibiotics
D)Effective vaccine programs
E)All of the choices

Question 13

An example of how a pathogen is transmitted to a new host is via

A)Air
B)Food
C)Water
D)Insects
E)All of the choices

Question 14

Microorganisms that normally colonize skin and mucous membranes can be

A)Commensal
B)Nonpathogenic
C)Mutualistic
D)Protective against pathogens
E)All of the choices

Question 15

Which of the following is true of enterohemorrhagic bacteria contracted from ground beef?

A)It may be the result of ingesting Escherichia coli 0157:H7
B)It causes short-lived symptoms of food poisoning and is never life threatening
C)It is always antibiotic-resistant
D)It affects only the gastrointestinal tract of young children and the elderly
E)It is still a risk even if the ground beef is cooked thoroughly

Question 16

A rapid rise has recently occurred in the number of tuberculosis patients and in the problems of treating this disease.What factors are contributing to this?

Question 17

If a person is immunocompromised,it is very likely that he or she may be

A)A carrier
B)An AIDS patient
C)Disease-resistant
D)Lacking sugar
E)Lacking minerals