Deck 16: The Adaptive Immune Response

Question 1

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

A)Helper T cells: CD8
B)MHC class I: cytotoxic T cells
C)Cytotoxic T cells: CD8
D)MHC class II: antigen derived from vesicular compartments
E)Humoral immune response: B cells

Answer 1

Helper T cells: CD8

Question 2

How many antigen-binding sites do T cell receptors have in comparison with B cell receptors?

A)Half the number
B)Twice the number
C)The same number
D)Three times as many

Answer 2

Half the number

Question 3

The B cell antigen receptor is called a(n)

A)Co-receptor
B)Immunoglobulin
C)Major histocompatibility complex
D)Secretory piece
E)Memory molecule

Answer 3

Immunoglobulin

Question 4

A(n)_____ is any foreign substance that provokes an immune response.

A)Mitogen
B)Immunoglobulin
C)Tolerate
D)Antigen
E)Androgen

Question 5

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Gene rearrangement of antigen-receptor genes enables the generation of a huge repertoire of antigen receptors from a limited number of gene segments
B)The thymus shrinks as one ages
C)B cells are located in paracortical regions of lymph nodes
D)Co-stimulatory signals are required for lymphocyte activation
E)Clones of lymphocytes bear the same antigen receptor

Question 6

Which of the following explains why IgM activates complement so effectively?

A)IgM is the principal isotype in the blood
B)Pentameric IgM has five constant regions available to interact with C1
C)IgM is made in the innate immune response and does not require previous exposure to antigen
D)IgM is transported across mucosal epithelium, where antigens are often first encountered by the host
E)IgM binds with high affinity to mast cells in the connective tissue and is strategically located beneath skin and mucosal surfaces

Question 7

The concentration of antibody in the serum generated in response to an infectious pathogen is called the

A)Plasma profile
B)Antigenic load
C)Titer
D)Secretory piece

Question 8

The isotype of an antibody is determined by the

A)Constant and variable regions of the heavy chain
B)Variable region of the light chain
C)Variable region of the heavy chain
D)Constant region of the light chain
E)Constant region of the heavy chain

Question 9

Long-lived lymphocytes that respond more rapidly and effectively on antigen encounter at a later time are known as _____ cells.

A)Effector
B)Memory
C)Anergic
D)Autoimmune
E)Cytotoxic

Question 10

When antigen binds to _____ on the surface of mast cells,inflammatory mediators are released,provoking vomiting,coughing,and sneezing.

A)IgA
B)IgD
C)IgE
D)IgG
E)IgM

Question 11

Which of the following is not a function of the immunoglobulin constant region?

A)Binds to specialized receptors on phagocytic cells
B)Enables antibody transport out of the bloodstream to other anatomical locations
C)Enhances opsonization of encapsulated bacteria
D)Binds non-covalently to foreign antigens during infection
E)Activates the classical pathway of complement

Question 12

All of the following are examples of chemical interactions used to facilitate the binding of antigen to antibody except

A)Hydrogen bonds
B)Electrostatic forces
C)Peptide bonds
D)Hydrophobic forces

Question 13

The location on the immunoglobulin that contributes to the unique antigen-binding site is referred to as the

A)Epitope
B)Variable region
C)J chain
D)Superantigen

Question 14

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

A)Lymphocytes: T, B, and NK cells
B)Dendritic cells: antigen processing and presentation
C)Activated B cells: plasma cells
D)Tolerance: foreign antigens
E)Cytotoxic T cells: kill virally infected cells

Question 15

Lymphocytes bearing antigen receptors that have a high degree of affinity for self-antigen undergo _____ during B cell development.

A)Clonal deletion
B)Rearrangement
C)Mutation
D)Isotype switching
E)Atrophy

Question 16

The movement of antibodies across epithelial barriers is called

A)Transcytosis
B)Secretion
C)Dimerization
D)poly-Ig transport
E)Vesicular exocytosis

Question 17

_____ is the first antibody made during a primary immune response,and it consists of _____ antigen-binding sites.

A)IgG; two
B)IgA; two
C)IgA; four
D)IgM; two
E)IgM; ten

Question 18

Specialized antigen-collecting cells of the gastrointestinal tract are called

A)NK cells
B)Macrophages
C)Dendritic cells
D)M cells
E)Goblet cells

Question 19

T lymphocytes mature in the

A)Thyroid
B)Bone marrow
C)Spleen
D)Lymph nodes
E)Thymus

Question 20

Which is not true of dendritic cells?

A)They contain antigen specific receptors
B)MHC expression is high on dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues
C)MHC expression is low on tissue dendritic cells
D)They are found throughout the body
E)They present antigens

Question 21

Which of the following is utilized by vaccination to produce long-lasting immunity?

A)Artificially acquired active immunity
B)Artificially acquired passive immunity
C)Naturally acquired active immunity
D)Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 22

Suppose the epithelial cells did not internalize their poly-Ig receptors,which of the following would you predict will be false?

A)IgA would bind to the basal side of the cell
B)IgA would not be internalised by the cell
C)IgA would not be transferred to the apical side of the cell
D)IgA would not be secreted into the lumen
E)The person with this defect would experience the same or fewer intestinal diseases

Question 23

Compare and contrast the heavy and light chains of a soluble antibody.Which part contains sulfide?

A)Heavy chain
B)Light chain
C)Both heavy and light chains
D)Neither of the heavy or light chains

Question 24

Which of the following accurately describes the morphological appearance of a mast cell after it has been activated?

A)The presence of large phagolysosomes in the cytoplasm
B)A preponderance of dark granules in the cytoplasm
C)Deterioration of the plasma membrane
D)The absence of dark granules in the cytoplasm
E)Division of the cell

Question 25

All of the following are consequences of macrophage activation except

A)The enhancement of phagosome to lysosome fusion
B)The production of oxygen free radicals
C)Elevated levels of class II MHC
D)The release of perforin
E)Increased expression of cytokine receptors

Question 26

Compare and contrast the heavy and light chains of a soluble antibody.Which contains part of the antigen-binding site?

A)Heavy chain
B)Light chain
C)Both heavy and light chains
D)Neither of the heavy or light chains

Question 27

Cytotoxic T cells use all of the following to destroy target cells except

A)Granulysin
B)Perforin
C)Granzyme
D)Histamine

Question 28

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

A)CD8 T cells: class I MHC molecules
B)Cellular adaptive immune responses: T cells
C)TH2 cells: parasites
D)Humoral immune responses: B cells
E)CD4 T cells: class I MHC molecules

Question 29

Rearrange the following cell choices to describe the sequence in which they form.Which cell is third?

A)Plasma cell
B)Pluripotent stem cell
C)B cell
D)Common lymphoid progenitor

Question 30

Rearrange the following cell choices to describe the sequence in which they form.Which cell is fourth?

A)Plasma cell
B)Pluripotent stem cell
C)B cell
D)Common lymphoid progenitor

Question 31

Circulating T lymphocytes that have never before encountered antigen to which they are specific are referred to as

A)Naive T cells
B)Plasma cells
C)Memory cells
D)Effector cells
E)Antigen-presenting cells

Question 32

Rearrange the following cell choices to describe the sequence in which they form.Which cell is second?

A)Plasma cell
B)Pluripotent stem cell
C)B cell
D)Common lymphoid progenitor

Question 33

What protects the mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts by inhibiting the adherence of pathogens to host cell surfaces?

A)IgA
B)IgD
C)IgE
D)IgG
E)IgM

Question 34

The production of effector T cells is made possible by all of the following except

A)Macrophages
B)Mast cells
C)Dendritic cells
D)B cells

Question 35

Compare and contrast the heavy and light chains of a soluble antibody.Which part binds to the J chain?

A)Heavy chain
B)Light chain
C)Both heavy and light chains
D)Neither of the heavy or light chains

Question 36

Explain why dendritic cells are considered "watch dogs" for pathogens.

Question 37

All of the following are characteristics of memory cells except

A)They are generated after an antigen encounter
B)They are formed in both B and T cell responses
C)They are maintained with the assistance of interleukins
D)Memory cells initiate a quicker and more powerful response to a recurrence of infection than that of the initial response
E)Once generated they do not undergo cell division

Question 38

Rearrange the following cell choices to describe the sequence in which they form.Which cell is first?

A)Plasma cell
B)Pluripotent stem cell
C)B cell
D)Common lymphoid progenitor

Question 39

Compare and contrast the heavy and light chains of a soluble antibody.Which part contains the binding site for complement protein C1?

A)Heavy chain
B)Light chain
C)Both heavy and light chains
D)Neither of the heavy or light chains

Question 40

Explain the difference between GALT,MALT,and BALT.Describe what they have in common.

Question 41

Explain what is meant by the phrase "T and B cell cooperation" in the context of adaptive immune responses.Why is it important that the B cell functions as an antigen-presenting cell for this cooperation to occur and how is this accomplished?

Question 42

Explain why it is essential for TH1 and cytotoxic T cells,but not B cells,to leave peripheral lymphoid tissues after their activation.

Question 43

Describe the three ways in which antibodies function to protect a host from pathogens.

Question 44

Explain the key differences between superantigens and conventional antigens recognized by T cells.Provide an example of a super antigen.

Question 45

Describe the process of transcytosis of dimeric IgA.Why is this process especially important in relation to newborns and passive immunity?