Deck 10: Trace Minerals

Question 1

Food sources of selenium include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) light tuna (canned in water).
B) pork tenderloin.
C) salmon.
D) raw cherries.
E) parmesan cheese.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) slows the metabolic rate. This translates to symptoms such as:

A) weight loss and increased energy.
B) weight loss and fatigue.
C) weight gain and excessive sweat.
D) weight gain and reduced work capacity.
E) None of these is correct.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

National nutrition studies indicate that two populations in the United States are consuming less than the recommended amounts of iron. These groups are:

A) older adults and alcoholics.
B) women of childbearing age and alcoholics.
C) older adults and women of childbearing age.
D) women of childbearing age and young children.
E) alcoholics and young children.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The bioavailability of trace minerals can be affected by:

A) the form of the food.
B) our nutrition status.
C) pregnancy.
D) age.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 5

Which one of the following describes the primary function of selenium?

A) cofactor for antioxidant enzymes
B) clotting factor to prevent bleeding
C) wound healing
D) protecting vision
E) transporting oxygen to organs throughout the body

Question 6

A child is admitted to the emergency department with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. His mother found an open children's dietary supplement bottle. A poisoning with which trace mineral would most likely have caused the child's symptoms?

A) iodine
B) zinc
C) selenium
D) copper
E) iron

Question 7

The most common mineral deficiency worldwide is:

A) iron deficiency.
B) selenium deficiency.
C) zinc deficiency.
D) calcium deficiency.
E) magnesium deficiency.

Question 8

Cretinism is a consequence of a pregnant woman with an iodine deficiency and is associated with all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:

A) muteness.
B) blindness.
C) delayed sexual maturation.
D) stunted growth.
E) mental retardation.

Question 9

To consume adequate trace minerals without taking a dietary supplement, a person should:

A) eat a variety of foods across food groups.
B) focus on proteins.
C) focus on fruits.
D) focus on vegetables.
E) focus on grains.

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE about thyroid-stimulating hormone?

A) It is released by the kidneys.
B) It is released by the liver.
C) It is released by the gallbladder.
D) It is released by the pituitary gland.
E) It is released by the hippocampus.

Question 11

To increase the absorption of nonheme iron in beans, you can eat a food with _____ alongside the beans.

A) calcium
B) vitamin D
C) sodium
D) vitamin C
E) potassium

Question 12

Which trace mineral is needed for the regulation of protein synthesis, reproduction, and immune functions?

A) iron
B) zinc
C) copper
D) selenium
E) iodine

Question 13

A diet low in selenium may increase the likelihood of which vitamin deficiency if intake of the vitamin is also low?

A) anemia
B) a goiter
C) headaches
D) vitamin E deficiency
E) blindness

Question 14

The amount of iodine in a food is affected by:

A) the iodine content of the soil in which the plant grew.
B) whether the plant or fish is from the ocean (fish, seaweed, etc.).
C) whether iodized salt has been added.
D) the iodine content of the soil in which the plant grew and whether iodized salt has been added.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 15

Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) excessive bleeding.
B) difficulty maintaining body temperature.
C) fatigue.
D) susceptibility to infections.
E) slow childhood cognitive development.

Question 16

Macie has staining and pitting of her teeth. She drinks three glasses of milk per day and enjoys yogurt as a snack. She lives in an urban area of the United States and regularly brushes her teeth and rinses afterward with a cavity-fighting solution. The cause of the stains and pits in her teeth are most likely caused by:

A) excessive copper.
B) inadequate iron.
C) excessive calcium.
D) inadequate fluoride.
E) excessive fluoride.

Question 17

A vegetarian could consume good sources of dietary iron by eating:

A) iron-fortified cereal.
B) raisins.
C) dried plums.
D) beans/legumes.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 18

The trace mineral that is NOT an essential nutrient is:

A) iron.
B) zinc.
C) copper.
D) iodine.
E) fluoride.

Question 19

Trace minerals are those needed in daily amounts of:

A) less than 25 mg.
B) between 25 and 50 mg.
C) less than 100 mg.
D) more than 250 mg.
E) more than 500 mg.

Question 20

A deficiency in which trace mineral (other than iron) may result in anemia?

A) copper
B) iodine
C) iron
D) selenium
E) manganese

Question 21

The thyroid gland is sensitive to the amount of iodine in the blood. If there is not enough iodine, the thyroid gland can:

A) decrease in size.
B) increase in size.
C) interfere with blood clotting.
D) interfere with vision.
E) affect urination.

Question 22

The majority of total iodine intake in the United States comes from:

A) iodized table salt.
B) milk and processed grain products.
C) ready-to-eat frozen foods.
D) salad dressing.
E) fresh fruit.

Question 23

An example of a salad that could be consumed by a vegetarian to maximize iron absorption would be:

A) iceberg lettuce and ranch dressing.
B) iceberg lettuce and carrots.
C) all fruit salad.
D) spinach, beans, and mandarin oranges.
E) spinach and cottage cheese.

Question 24

Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by:

A) blood loss due to menstruation.
B) frequent blood donations.
C) being pregnant.
D) insufficient intake of iron.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 25

Which one of the following could inhibit zinc absorption?

A) milk
B) beef
C) whole grains
D) chicken
E) egg

Question 26

Compared to nonathletes, athletes who train on a regular basis experience:

A) higher iron needs because of greater iron losses.
B) lower iron needs due to enhanced iron conservation.
C) higher iron needs due to greater oxygen delivery to working muscles.
D) lower iron needs due to enhanced iron absorption.
E) higher iron needs because of greater iron losses and higher iron needs due to greater oxygen delivery to working muscles.

Question 27

A naturally occurring source of iodine can be found in:

A) vegetables.
B) poultry.
C) seafood.
D) fruit.
E) beef.

Question 28

In which trace minerals is someone following a vegan diet most likely to be deficient?

A) iodine and chromium
B) iron and zinc
C) zinc and copper
D) iron and copper
E) manganese and copper

Question 29

Heme iron is found in:

A) myoglobin only.
B) hemoglobin only.
C) both hemoglobin and myoglobin.
D) neither hemoglobin nor myoglobin.
E) anemia-globin.

Question 30

Which mineral is taken up by the thyroid gland from the blood, stimulating the release of thyroid hormone?

A) copper
B) iodine
C) iron
D) selenium
E) manganese

Question 31

Intervention trials have shown that supplementation with chromium:

A) improves mood.
B) increases weight loss.
C) improves muscle mass.
D) controls blood sugar.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 32

Gus enjoys a variety of snacks, including popcorn, pistachios, oranges, bananas, and frozen yogurt. Which of those is the best source of dietary copper?

A) popcorn
B) pistachios
C) orange
D) banana
E) frozen yogurt

Question 33

Which of the following is TRUE about iron deficiency?

A) Iron deficiency anemia occurs when iron levels decline and the body's ability to produce hemoglobin is impaired and hemoglobin levels in the blood fall.
B) A person with adequate iron status can develop anemia within two weeks if dietary iron intakes decline.
C) Adult men and postmenopausal women experience higher risk for iron deficiency anemia than premenopausal women.
D) Iron deficiency is rare across the globe.
E) Risk for iron deficiency is lower among vegetarians than non-vegetarians.

Question 34

Nonheme iron is found in:

A) meat and fish.
B) legumes and lentils.
C) dried fruits.
D) legumes, lentils and dried fruits.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 35

The thyroid gland is located in the:

A) brain.
B) cheek.
C) neck.
D) armpit.
E) abdomen.

Question 36

All of the following are symptoms of zinc deficiency EXCEPT:

A) impaired immune function.
B) delayed sexual maturation.
C) vision loss.
D) hair loss.
E) slowed growth in children.

Question 37

How would you identify an iodine deficiency?

A) look for a goiter and test for hypothyroidism
B) perform a hearing test
C) administer a vision and hearing test
D) perform a urinalysis
E) calculate BMI

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT true about zinc deficiency?

A) Approximately 20% of the world's population is zinc deficient.
B) Seniors may experience increased risk for zinc deficiency because of a reduction in intrinsic factor.
C) Chronic alcohol abusers are at increased risk of zinc deficiency.
D) High phytate intakes in vegetarians may decrease risk of zinc deficiency.
E) Risk of zinc deficiency affects less about 12% of people in the United States.

Question 39

Which trace mineral is listed on the Nutrition Facts label?

A) fluoride
B) selenium
C) zinc
D) iron
E) iodine

Question 40

Why are chronic alcoholics at risk for zinc deficiency?

A) They eat too many calories.
B) They sleep too much.
C) Their kidneys are overworked.
D) Alcohol reduces zinc absorption and increases zinc excretion via urine.
E) Alcohol increases metabolism.

Question 41

Describe risks associated with iodine deficiency and factors that may contribute to risk for this deficiency across the globe. What types of initiatives have been used to reduce iodine deficiency?

Question 42

Develop a one-day menu that promotes adequate iron intake in a premenopausal female. Do you suggest a supplement? Why or why not?

Question 43

Name one dietary factor that can enhance iron absorption and one dietary factor that can inhibit iron absorption.

Question 44

Meredith is a freshman who runs on the cross-country team for her university and trains year-round. Her training intensity has increased significantly in the three months she has been on campus. She is feeling tired and sluggish and is struggling in class. She has recently adopted a vegetarian diet, but she is wondering if she should modify her diet again. Explain why Meredith might be feeling the way she is. Give suggestions for one day's worth of vegetarian meals and snacks and the reasons you selected these food and beverage items.

Question 45

List three of the six general properties of the trace minerals.

Question 46

Explain why adequate intakes of iodine and iron are important during pregnancy.

Question 47

Why are women aged 19 to 50 years more likely to be iron deficient than men of the same age-group?

Question 48

Devon is a young adult who regularly eats fast food for all of his meals, primarily choosing items from the value menus. In which trace minerals is his diet most likely to be deficient, and why? What suggestions would you provide Devon for improving his intake of trace minerals?

Question 49

List two potential negative outcomes related to iodine deficiency in pregnancy.

Question 50

Two trace minerals have been added to American diets. What are they, and to which foods have they each been added?