Deck 8: Location Strategies

Question 1

The location decisions of goods-producing firms will generally pay more attention to parking, access, and traffic counts than will service location decisions.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The graphic approach to location break-even analysis displays the range of volume over which each location is preferable.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Manufacturers may want to locate close to their customers, if the transportation of finished goods is expensive or difficult.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

For a location decision, labour productivity may be important in isolation, but low wage rates are a more important criterion.

Question 5

When innovation replaces cost as a firm's focus for location decisions, the presence of other state-of-the-art firms is a plus, not a negative, for the firm's competitiveness.

Question 6

The transportation model calculates an optimal shipping system between a central facility and several outlying customers.

Question 7

Unfavorable exchange rates can offset other savings in a location decision.

Question 8

Labour cost and labour availability often drive the location decision in the call centre industry.

Question 9

One reason for a firm locating near its competitors is the presence of a major resource it needs.

Question 10

The factor-rating method can consider both tangible and intangible costs.

Question 11

Lists have been developed that rank countries on issues such as "competitiveness" and "corruption."

Question 12

FedEx chose Memphis, Tennessee, for its central location, or "hub," primarily because of the incentives offered by the city of Memphis and the state of Tennessee.

Question 13

An example of an intangible cost, as it relates to location decisions, is the quality of education.

Question 14

Service firms choose locations based, in part, on the revenue potential of a site.

Question 15

Location decisions are based on many things, including costs, revenues, incentives, attitudes, and intangibles, but not on ethical considerations.

Question 16

The centre-of-gravity method finds the location of a centralized facility, such as a distribution centre, that will maximize the organization's revenue.

Question 17

The ratio of labour cost per day to productivity, in units per day, is the labour cost per unit.

Question 18

Starbucks Coffee's approach to choosing new café locations is largely based on executive intuition, not sophisticated models and site selection technology.

Question 19

In location decisions, intangible costs are easier to measure than tangible costs.

Question 20

Generally, the objective of the location decision is to maximize the firm's profit.

Question 21

Which of the following workers is the most productive?

A) $50 wages, 10 parts produced
B) $10 wages, 1 part produced
C) $30 wages, 5 parts produced
D) $100 wages, 21 parts produced
E) $500 wages, 100 parts produced

Question 22

Which of the following was not a factor in determining the location of Intel's Arizona plant?

A) skilled labour availability
B) U.S. laws to protect intellectual property
C) tax breaks from local and regional government
D) proximity to Intel's California headquarters
E) lax labour laws

Question 23

Starbucks Coffee's use of geocoded demographic and consumer data in site selection decisions is an example of the use of a Geographic Information System, or GIS.

Question 24

Location decisions of goods-producing companies often assume that costs are relatively constant for a given area; therefore, the revenue function is critical.

Question 25

In location planning, environmental regulations, cost and availability of utilities, and taxes are

A) global factors.
B) country factors.
C) regional/community factors.
D) site-related factors.
E) cultural factors.

Question 26

Why is Northern Mexico used as a cluster for electronics firms?

A) high traffic flows
B) venture capitalists located nearby
C) natural resources of land and climate
D) NAFTA
E) high per capita GDP

Question 27

________ and ________ are to key country success factors as ________ and ________ are to key region success factors.

A) Cultural issues; location of markets; site size and cost; zoning restrictions
B) Exchange rates; labour availability; site size and cost; environmental impact
C) Labour cost; currency risk; land costs; proximity to customers
D) Land costs; proximity to customers; labour cost; air and rail systems
E) Cultural issues; proximity to customers; environmental impact; zoning restrictions.

Question 28

Governmental attitudes toward issues such as private property, intellectual property, zoning, pollution, and employment stability may change over time. The term associated with this phenomenon is

A) bureaucratic risk.
B) political risk.
C) legislative risk.
D) judicial risk.
E) democratic risk.

Question 29

Globalization of the location decision is the result of all of the following except

A) market economics.
B) higher quality of labour overseas.
C) ease of capital flow between countries.
D) high differences in labour costs.
E) more rapid, reliable travel and shipping.

Question 30

FedEx chose Memphis, Tennessee, as its U.S. hub because

A) the city is in the centre of the U.S., geographically.
B) the airport has relatively few hours of bad weather closures.
C) it needed a means to reach cities to which it did not have direct flights.
D) the firm believed that a hub system was superior to traditional city-to-city flight scheduling.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 31

Currency risk is based on what assumption?

A) Firms that do not continuously innovate will lose market share.
B) Values of foreign currencies continually rise and fall in most countries.
C) Changing product lines by reacting to every current trend may alienate the customer base.
D) The value of one dollar today is greater than the value of one dollar to be received one year from now.
E) The U.S. stock market fluctuates daily.

Question 32

An employee produces 15 parts during a shift in which he made $90. The labour content of the product is

A) $90.
B) $5.
C) $6.
D) $.167.
E) $60.

Question 33

A location decision for an appliance manufacturer would tend to have a(n)

A) cost focus.
B) focus on finding very highly skilled technicians.
C) revenue focus.
D) environmental focus.
E) education focus.

Question 34

Industrial location analysis typically attempts to

A) minimize costs.
B) maximize sales.
C) focus more on human resources.
D) avoid countries with strict environmental regulations.
E) ignore exchange rates and currency risks.

Question 35

Instead of comparing the salaries of Detroit autoworkers to foreign autoworkers to determine if Union labour prices are the cause of Detroit's financial woes, which of the following should be used?

A) labour content per vehicle
B) labour productivity
C) total production
D) average productivity
E) salary is the best comparison

Question 36

Among the following choices, an operations manager might best evaluate political risk of a country by looking at which type of country ranking?

A) based on competitiveness
B) based on cost of doing business
C) based on corruption
D) based on magnitude of government social programs
E) based on average duration between presidential/prime minister elections

Question 37

The reason fast food restaurants often are found in close proximity to each other is

A) they enjoy competition.
B) location clustering near high traffic flows.
C) low cost.
D) availability of skilled labour.
E) by-law requirements.

Question 38

Which of the following statements regarding FedEx is true?

A) Its hub in Memphis, Tennessee, was selected because of its low cost.
B) Memphis, Tennessee, is the only hub in the company's global flight network.
C) FedEx believes the hub system helps reduce mishandling and delays due to better controls.
D) FedEx uses a hub system in the United States, but a city-to-city network in other countries.
E) Memphis is FedEx's only hub airport in the U.S.

Question 39

Which of the following statements regarding the centre-of-gravity method is false?

A) It is designed to minimize the maximum possible travel distance to any location.
B) The optimal x- and y-coordinates are calculated separately.
C) The optimal solution is unconstrained, so it could suggest a location in the middle of a body of water.
D) The weights used are the quantity of goods moved to or from each location.
E) The origin of the coordinate system and the scale used are arbitrary, just as long as the relative distances are correctly represented.

Question 40

A location decision for a traditional department store (The Bay) would tend to have a(n)

A) cost focus.
B) labour focus.
C) revenue focus.
D) environmental focus.
E) education focus.

Question 41

A manufacturing firm finds a location that has a significant cost advantage over alternatives, but rejects that location because the educational infrastructure was insufficient to train the firm's workers in its special production technologies. The firm's action illustrates the link between ________ and location.

A) innovation
B) clustering
C) tax incentives
D) globalization
E) proximity

Question 42

A firm is considering two location alternatives. At location A, fixed costs would be $4,000,000 per year, and variable costs $0.30 per unit. At alternative B, fixed costs would be $3,600,000 per year, with variable costs of $0.35 per unit. If annual demand is expected to be 10 million units, which plant offers the lowest total cost?

A) Plant A, because it is cheaper than Plant B for all volumes over 8,000,000 units
B) Plant B, because it is cheaper than Plant A for all volumes over 8,000,000 units
C) Plant A, because it is cheaper than Plant B for all volumes
D) Plant B, because it has the lower variable cost per unit
E) Neither Plant A nor Plant B, because the crossover point is at 10 million units

Question 43

A full-service restaurant is considering opening a new facility in a specific city. The table below shows its ratings of four factors at each of two potential sites. $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Factor } & \text { Weight } & \text { Gary Mall } & \text { Belt Line } \\\hline \text { Affluence of local population } & 20 & 30 & 30 \\\hline \text { Traffic flow } & 40 & 50 & 20 \\\hline \text { Parking availability } & 20 & 30 & 40 \\\hline \text { Growth potential } & 20 & 10 & 30 \\\hline\end{array}$$ The score for Gary Mall is ________ and the score for Belt Line is ________.

A) 120; 120
B) 22; 24
C) 18; 120
D) 34; 28
E) 20; 24

Question 44

Operations managers will need to consider ethical and social responsibility issues when location decisions involve

A) child labour issues.
B) sweatshop conditions.
C) allegiance to the firm's current location.
D) corruption.
E) all of the above.

Question 45

Evaluating location alternatives by comparing their composite (weighted-average) scores involves

A) factor-rating analysis.
B) cost-volume analysis.
C) transportation model analysis.
D) linear regression analysis.
E) crossover analysis.

Question 46

When making a location decision at the country level, which of these would be considered?

A) corporate desires
B) land/construction costs
C) air, rail, highway, waterway systems
D) zoning restrictions
E) location of markets

Question 47

On the crossover chart where the costs of two or more location alternatives have been plotted, the quantity at which two cost curves cross is the quantity at which

A) fixed costs are equal for two alternative locations.
B) variable costs are equal for two alternative locations.
C) total costs are equal for all alternative locations.
D) fixed costs equal variable costs for one location.
E) total costs are equal for two alternative locations.

Question 48

Which of the following worker characteristics would likely be least important for U.S. firms looking to open up call centres in different countries?

A) willing to accept low wages
B) have a high level of education
C) speak English
D) possess an in-depth knowledge of American popular culture
E) are young

Question 49

Which of the following is the best example of the proximity rule that, for service firms, proximity to market is the most important location factor?

A) Soft drinks are bottled in many local plants, where carbonated water is added to proprietary syrups that may have been shipped long distances.
B) Few people will travel out of state for a haircut.
C) Patients will travel very long distances to have their hernia surgeries performed at Shouldice Hospital.
D) Furniture makers choose to locate near the source of good hardwoods, even though it means locating near other furniture manufacturers.
E) Metal refiners (smelters) locate near mines to accomplish significant weight reduction near the metal's source.

Question 50

Intangible costs include all of the following except

A) quality of prospective employees.
B) quality of education.
C) availability of public transportation.
D) availability of health care.
E) entry-level training for new employees.

Question 51

Which of these factors would be considered when making a location decision at the region/community level?

A) government rules, attitudes, stability, incentives
B) cultural and economic issues
C) zoning restrictions
D) environmental impact issues
E) proximity to raw materials and customers

Question 52

Which of the following methods best considers intangible costs related to a location decision?

A) crossover methods
B) locational break-even analysis
C) factor-rating analysis
D) the transportation method
E) the assignment method

Question 53

Which of the following is usually not one of the top considerations in choosing a country for a facility location?

A) availability of labour and labour productivity
B) exchange rates
C) attitude of governmental units
D) zoning regulations
E) location of markets

Question 54

An approach to location analysis that includes both qualitative and quantitative considerations is

A) locational cost-volume.
B) factor-rating.
C) transportation model.
D) assignment method.
E) make or buy analysis.

Question 55

Which of these factors would be considered when making a location decision at the site level?

A) government rules, attitudes, stability, incentives
B) cultural and economic issues
C) zoning regulations
D) cost and availability of utilities
E) proximity to raw materials and customers

Question 56

Community attitudes, zoning restrictions, and quality of labour force are likely to be considered in which of the following location decision methods?

A) transportation method
B) locational break-even analysis
C) centre-of-gravity method
D) simulation
E) factor-rating method

Question 57

Tangible costs include which of the following?

A) climatic conditions
B) availability of public transportation
C) taxes
D) quality and attitude of prospective employees
E) zoning regulations

Question 58

Which of the following statements regarding "proximity" in the location decision is false?

A) Service organizations find that proximity to market is the most critical primary location factor.
B) Manufacturers want to be near customers when their product is bulky, heavy, or fragile.
C) Perishability of raw materials is a good reason for manufacturers to locate near the supplier, not the customer.
D) Reduction in bulk is a good reason for a manufacturer to locate near the supplier.
E) Clustering among fast food chains occurs because they need to be near their labour supply.

Question 59

When making a location decision at the region/community level, which of these would be considered?

A) government rules, attitudes, stability, incentives
B) cultural and economic issues
C) cost and availability of utilities
D) zoning restrictions
E) air, rail, highway, waterway systems

Question 60

A firm is seeking a new factory location, and is considering several countries worldwide. In some of these countries, child labour is prevalent; in others, working conditions and worker safety are inferior to conditions in the U.S. An operations manager paying attention to ________ will factor these issues into the location decision.

A) ethical and social responsibility issues
B) key success factors
C) factor-rating systems
D) geographic information systems
E) regression models

Question 61

What describes a system that stores and displays information that can be linked to a geographic location?

A) AIS
B) LOC
C) GLOC
D) LIS
E) GIS

Question 62

The transportation method, when applied to location analysis

A) minimizes total fixed costs.
B) minimizes total production and transportation costs.
C) minimizes total transportation costs.
D) maximizes revenues.
E) minimizes the movement of goods.

Question 63

East Texas Seasonings is preparing to build one processing centre to serve its four sources of seasonings. The four source locations are at coordinates shown below. Also, the volume from each source is provided. What is the centre of gravity? $$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | c | } \hline & \text { X-coordinate } & \text { Y-coordinate } & \text { Volume } \\\hline \text { Athens, Texas } & 30 & 30 & 150 \\\hline \text { Beaumont, Texas } & 20 & 10 & 350 \\\hline \text { Carthage, Texas } & 10 & 70 & 100 \\\hline \text { Denton, Texas } & 50 & 50 & 200 \\\hline\end{array}$$

A) X = 28.125; Y = 31.25
B) X = 22000; Y = 24000
C) X = 27.5; Y = 40
D) centre of gravity = 24000
E) centre of gravity = 28

Question 64

LaQuinta Motor Inns has a competitive edge over its rivals because it

A) uses regression analysis to determine which variables most influence profitability.
B) picks better locations than its rivals.
C) picks larger locations than its rivals.
D) builds only along interstate highways.
E) shares vacancy information with suppliers.

Question 65

Location analysis techniques typically employed by service organizations include all of the following except

A) factor rating method.
B) centre-of-gravity method.
C) purchasing power analysis of area.
D) traffic counts.
E) product sales analysis.

Question 66

Production and transportation costs are always considered in which of the following location decision methods?

A) traffic counts
B) transportation method
C) purchasing power
D) proximity of markets
E) clustering

Question 67

A jewelry store is more likely than a jewelry manufacturer to consider ________ in making a location decision.

A) transportation costs
B) cost of raw materials
C) parking and access
D) climate
E) taxes

Question 68

Traffic counts and demographic analysis of drawing areas are associated with

A) the centre-of-gravity method.
B) manufacturing location decisions.
C) service location decisions.
D) the transportation method.
E) the competitive analysis method.

Question 69

Which of the following is a location analysis technique typically employed by a service organization?

A) purchasing power analysis
B) linear programming
C) queuing theory
D) crossover charts
E) cost-volume analysis

Question 70

Which of the following is not among the eight determinants of revenue and volume for a service firm?

A) quality of the management
B) shipment cost of finished goods
C) purchasing power of the customer-drawing area
D) uniqueness of the firm's and the competitor's locations
E) competition in the area

Question 71

Which of the following is not one of the eight determinants of revenue and volume for a service firm?

A) uniqueness of the firm's and the competitor's locations
B) quality of the competition
C) quality of management
D) purchasing power of the customer-drawing area
E) quality of raw materials

Question 72

Which of the following statements regarding Starbucks Coffee is false?

A) The firm plans to open three new cafes per day around the world.
B) The firm uses GIS to evaluate every site decision.
C) The firm's cafes are exclusively in traditional settings: malls, tourist areas, and airports.
D) The firm places cafes into ever more innovative locations.
E) The firm put cafes in Japan, even though that country had no GIS data available.

Question 73

A county wants to build one centrally-located processing facility to serve the county's four recycling drop-off locations. The four drop-offs have characteristics as given in the table below. What is the approximate centre of gravity of these four locations? $$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | c | } \hline \text { Location } & \text { X-coordinate } & \text { Y-coordinate } & \text { Tonnage } \\\hline \text { Drop-off point A } & 1 & 8 & 10 \\\hline \text { Drop-off point B } & 6 & 7 & 35 \\\hline \text { Drop-off point C } & 6 & 2 & 25 \\\hline \text { Drop-off point D } & 4 & 7 & 50 \\\hline\end{array}$$

A) 4.75, 6.04
B) 17, 24
C) 33.5, 135.4
D) 6, 4.25
E) 570, 725

Question 74

The centre-of-gravity method does not take into consideration the

A) location of markets.
B) volume of goods shipped to the markets.
C) value of the goods shipped.
D) combination of volume and distance.
E) centre-of-gravity method considers none of the above.

Question 75

Which of the following is most likely to affect the location decision of a service firm rather than a manufacturing firm?

A) energy and utility costs
B) attitude toward unions
C) parking and access
D) cost of shipping finished goods
E) labour costs

Question 76

Traffic counts and purchasing power analysis of drawing area are techniques associated with

A) locational break-even analysis.
B) a manufacturing location decision.
C) a retail or professional service location decision.
D) the factor rating method.
E) the transportation method.

Question 77

A regional bookstore chain is about to build a distribution centre that is centrally located for its eight retail outlets. It will most likely employ which of the following tools of analysis?

A) assembly line balancing
B) load-distance analysis
C) centre-of-gravity model
D) linear programming
E) location assessment model

Question 78

Which of the following is a location analysis technique typically employed by a manufacturing organization?

A) transportation method
B) queuing theory
C) correlation analysis and traffic counts
D) simulation
E) demographic analysis

Question 79

The centre-of-gravity method is used primarily to determine what type of locations?

A) service locations
B) manufacturing locations
C) distribution centre locations
D) supplier locations
E) call centre locations

Question 80

Which of these assumptions is not associated with strategies for goods-producing location decisions?

A) Most major costs can be identified explicitly for each site.
B) Focus on identifiable cost.
C) High customer contact issues are critical.
D) Intangible costs can be evaluated.
E) Location is a major determinant of cost.