Deck 13: Methods of Therapy

Question 1

Research shows that cultural issues do not play a significant role in an individual's psychology.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Freud considered dreams the "royal road to the unconscious."

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Albert Ellis's form of therapy confronts clients with the ways in which irrational beliefs contribute to anxiety and depression.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The systems approach to family therapy studies and modifies a family's communication to enhance the growth of individual family members and of the family unit as a whole.

Question 5

Like psychoanalysis, Gestalt therapy focuses on the here and now.

Question 6

In the context of psychoanalysis, catharsis provides relief by assaulting the ego.

Question 7

Aversive conditioning is a gradual process in which the clients learn to handle increasingly disturbing stimuli while anxiety to each one is being counter conditioned.

Question 8

Client-centered therapists believe in viewing the world through a client's frame of reference.

Question 9

When treating depression, a treatment package that included psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy was more effective than psychological treatment alone.

Question 10

There is no scientific evidence that psychotherapy helps people with psychological disorders.

Question 11

Behavior therapists see the effectiveness of behavior therapy as deriving from specific, learning-based procedures.

Question 12

Psychodynamic and client-centered therapies appear to be most effective with well-educated, verbal, strongly motivated clients who report problems with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.

Question 13

Cognitive therapy focuses on changing the beliefs, attitudes, and automatic types of thinking that create and compound people's problems.

Question 14

Client-centered therapists focus on telling clients what to do, instead of helping them arrive at their own decisions.

Question 15

Psychotherapy is used to exclusively treat people with severe psychological disorders.

Question 16

Couple therapy and family therapy are conducted only with groups.

Question 17

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) would be prescribed for people who are suffering from agitation, delusions, and hallucinations.

Question 18

Psychotherapy is a systematic interaction between a therapist and a client that applies psychological principles to affect the client's thoughts, feelings, or behavior in an effort to help the client overcome psychological disorders, adjust to problems in living, or develop as an individual.

Question 19

When a client avoids talking about a difficult topic in therapy, such as an abusive relationship with a parent, saying, "I don't want to discuss it," this is known as transference.

Question 20

Jenny's Behavioral Therapist believes her anxiety is the result of unconscious impulses breaking through to the conscious level. He will use principles of conditioning and observational learning in her treatment.

Question 21

Jill was surprised at how much her therapist challenged her beliefs concerning her social anxiety. Her therapist kept having her make counter-arguments against many of the thoughts she had that pertained to her anxiety. Jill's therapist is practicing what approach?

A)client-centered therapies
B)cognitive therapy
C)behavior therapy
D)rational emotive behavior therapy

Question 22

Since the 1960's, most people suffering from extreme psychological disorders ___________.

A)live in asylums
B)live in mental hospitals
C)live in the community
D)are in inpatient facilities

Question 23

Hudson was pretty depressed because, after receiving some world news updates on his cell phone, he believed that the world was a violent place. His friends were surprised by his mood because Hudson worked with wonderful people at his place of worship. According to Beck, what type of cognitive error is this?

A)magnification
B)overgeneralization
C)selective perception
D)absolutist thinking

Question 24

The principles of psychotherapy focus on all of the following except for:

A)Psychotherapy is a systematic interaction between a client and a therapist.The therapist's theoretical point of view interacts with the client's problems to determine how the therapist and the client relate to each other.
B)Psychotherapy is based on psychological theory and research in areas such as personality, learning, motivation, and emotion.
C)Psychotherapy only influences clients' feelings.
D)Psychological disorders, adjustment problems, and personal growth.

Question 25

When effective, Alcoholics Anonymous is characterized by all of the following except for which statement?

A)Alcoholics remain in treatment for many years.
B)Members engage in intense individual therapy.
C)They have an alleviation of feelings of depression.
D)They heighten their confidence so they can face challenges without drinking.

Question 26

Psychotherapy is based on research in areas such as personality, learning, motivation, and emotion.

Question 27

In modern psychodynamic therapies, there is more focus on the id and less emphasis on the ego.

Question 28

Which of the following is not an advantage of group therapy?

A)Compared with one-to-one therapy, group therapy provides more information and life experience for clients to draw on.
B)Appropriate behavior receives group support.Clients usually appreciate an outpouring of peer approval.
C)Group members who show improvement provide hope for other members.
D)Group members who are overly shy do better in these settings.

Question 29

In client-centered therapy, __________ refers to the recognition of a client's experiences and feelings.

A)genuineness
B)unconditional positive regard
C)empathy
D)free association

Question 30

__________ is a behavior-therapy technique in which a client observes and imitates a person who approaches and copes with feared objects or situations.

A)Dream analysis
B)Transference
C)Systematic desensitization
D)Modeling

Question 31

In the context of evidence-based practices, which of the following treatments would be most effective in treating depression, developmental disabilities, and bed-wetting?

A)exorcism
B)behavior therapy
C)exposure treatment
D)modeling

Question 32

Unconditional positive regard, empathy, genuineness are the hallmarks of client-centered therapy.

Question 33

Ryan, a psychiatrist, has recommended that his patient, who suffers from generalized anxiety, stop the use of antianxiety drugs. After two weeks, the patient complains that her anxiety symptoms have become worse. Ryan tells the patient that her feelings are an expected response to stopping antianxiety medication. What is the patient experiencing?

A)addiction
B)rebound anxiety
C)tolerance
D)illness anxiety disorder

Question 34

Salma angrily tells her therapist, John, "I should have won the beauty contest. It is not fair." John confronts Salma's belief by asking, "Wasn't the winner more talented and articulate than you?" John is most likely using __________.

A)traditional hypnotherapy
B)group therapy
C)rational emotive behavior therapy
D)electroconvulsive therapy

Question 35

Katherine is terrified of dogs. To help alleviate her fears, her therapist first teaches her how to relax her muscles. Next, the therapist uses virtual therapy to expose Katherine to different dogs and asks her to stay relaxed. Which of the following is the basis for the virtual therapy used by Katherine's therapist?

A)aversive conditioning
B)resistance
C)systematic desensitization
D)transference

Question 36

__________refers to Joseph Wolpe's method for reducing fears by associating a hierarchy of images of fear-evoking stimuli with deep muscle relaxation.

A)Dream analysis
B)Transference
C)Systematic desensitization
D)Modeling

Question 37

Behavior-therapy methods for reducing fears include __________.

A)hypnotherapy
B)sensitization
C)exorcism
D)virtual therapy

Question 38

Why did Fritz Perls adopt the term Gestalt to name the therapy originated by him?

A)Perls used the term Gestalt to signify his interest in giving the conflicting parts of the personality an integrated form or shape.
B)Perls used the term Gestalt to signify his interest in a spiritual way of cleansing a person's mind of psychological inhibitions.
C)Perls used the term Gestalt to distinguish his method of therapy from the approaches used in client-centered therapy.
D)Perls used the term Gestalt to convey the directive approach of his therapy.

Question 39

Sean's client, Jacob, had quickly become unusually close to him, almost as if they were brothers. The term for this according to psychoanalytic therapy is what?

A)transference
B)free association
C)wish fulfillment
D)catharsis

Question 40

In the context of the different behavior-therapy methods, which of the following is true of modeling?

A)It relies on observational learning.
B)It tends to focus on past events that lead to psychological disorders rather than on present behavior.
C)It tends to focus on what people think and feel rather than on what people do.
D)It is included under Gestalt therapy.

Question 41

Cognitive therapy is:

A)likely to focus on changing the beliefs and attitudes that create and compound people's problems.
B)likely to focus on past experiences that contribute to psychological disorders and not on present attitudes of people.
C)unlikely to directly change maladaptive thoughts.
D)unlikely to foster self-insight.

Question 42

Jessie, who suffers from episodes of depression, shares her personal experiences with a few people with similar problems. They meet every week under the supervision of a therapist to discuss their problems. In which of the following therapies is Jessie most likely participating?

A)dream analysis
B)group therapy
C)traditional hypnotherapy
D)classical conditioning

Question 43

When compared to hypnosis, Sigmund Freud found __________ to be a more gradual method of breaking through the walls of defense that block a client's insight into unconscious processes.

A)confirmation bias
B)modeling
C)free association
D)aversive conditioning

Question 44

Loya, who is suffering from depression after her boyfriend left her, consults a therapist. During their sessions, she often talks to her therapist in a manner similar to how she spoke to her ex-boyfriend. This best exemplifies _____________.

A)resistance
B)classical conditioning
C)aversive conditioning
D)transference

Question 45

Compared to client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy _______.

A)is more direct and challenging
B)is equally accepting of the client
C)focuses on a client's visual perceptions
D)tries to understand the environment in which they live

Question 46

Jack's therapist Susan wants him to recall significant points about his recent appraisal to help him cope with his work more effectively. In this scenario, Susan is using __________.

A)classical conditioning
B)cognitive therapy
C)dream analysis
D)traditional hypnotherapy

Question 47

In the context of psychological problems arising from roadblocks placed in the path of self-actualization, if, when we are young, other people approve of us only when we are doing what they want us to do, we _____.

A)are most likely to develop those parts to which they object
B)are most likely to be very confident about our identity
C)may learn to disown the parts of ourselves to which they object
D)may resolve an unconscious conflict within ourselves

Question 48

Which of the following statements best describes psychodynamic therapies?

A)Psychodynamic therapies, based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud, assume that psychological problems reflect early childhood experiences and internal conflicts.
B)Psychodynamic therapies involve the use of a controlled environment in which people are reinforced for desired behaviors with tokens (such as poker chips) that may be exchanged for privileges.
C)Psychodynamic therapies are a series of painful punishments, strict diet, and tedious exercises that help people with psychological disorders to lead a physically fit life.
D)Psychodynamic therapies, based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud, are methods that cleanse the corrupt and insecure minds of people with psychological disorders through exorcism.

Question 49

____________ is associated with client-centered therapy.

A)Aversive conditioning
B)Unconditional positive regard
C)Classical conditioning
D)Exorcism

Question 50

Prefrontal lobotomy was pioneered by __________.

A)Antonio Egas Moniz
B)Fritz Perls
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Carl Rogers

Question 51

Behavior therapists rely heavily on ___________.

A)principles of conditioning and observational learning
B)practices that reject adaptive behavior patterns
C)methods that recover repressed childhood memories
D)the subjective analysis of the mind rather than on measurable behavior

Question 52

Which of the following is an advantage of group therapy used by psychotherapists?

A)It allows the therapist to work with several clients at once.
B)It guarantees that people reveal their personal problems to group members.
C)It ensures that people from the same family are not included in the same group.
D)It allows the therapist to facilitate one-to-one therapy without making the client feel lonely.

Question 53

Steve's physician has prescribed him valium for his anxiety attacks. This drug will __________.

A)stop the production of norepinephrine
B)stop the production of dopamine
C)increase sympathetic activity
D)depress the activity of the central nervous system

Question 54

Which of the following aggravated the psychological problems that inmates of asylums were already facing?

A)overcrowding
B)humanitarian reform movements
C)silence
D)early release of inmates

Question 55

In the context of the humanitarian reform movements during the 18^th century, which of the following happened when Philippe Pinel, a physician, unchained the patients at La Salpêtrière in Paris?

A)Patients profited from kindness and freedom.
B)Patients profited from treatments based on the demonological model of psychological disorders.
C)Patients failed to reenter society.
D)People who did not have mental disorders showed symptoms of mental disorders.

Question 56

A therapist practicing from the humanistic perspective should have all of the following qualities except for ____________.

A)unconditional positive regard
B)empathy
C)genuineness
D)providing insights

Question 57

A(n) __________ is best described as a psychodynamically oriented therapist who focuses on the conscious, coping behavior of the ego instead of the hypothesized, unconscious functioning of the id.

A)ego enhancer
B)ego analyst
C)humanistic therapist
D)Gestalt therapist

Question 58

Unlike client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy __________.

A)is directive in nature
B)assumes that people disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval
C)assumes that people don social masks
D)helps clients arrive at their own decisions

Question 59

Derris's mom used to give him gold stars on their refrigerator whenever he would help out around the house. If Derris earned enough gold stars, then he could have some ice cream after dinner. This type of reward system is called a __________.

A)token economy
B)transference
C)unconditional positive reward
D)conditional positive reward

Question 60

Perls's ideas about conflicting personality elements owe much to __________.

A)drive-reduction theory
B)behavior therapy
C)operant conditioning procedures
D)psychodynamic theory

Question 61

According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems arise __________.

A)when the ego fights against the torrents of energy loosed by the id
B)because people can never make their own decisions
C)from roadblocks placed in the path of self-actualization
D)when the ego fights against the torrents of energy loosed by the superego

Question 62

John's therapist really helped him understand how his expectations of the party were actually unrealistic. His therapist helped him reframe the events at the party and he felt better about it. What therapeutic approach is John's therapist using?

A)Gestalt therapy
B)cognitive therapy
C)behavior therapy
D)psychodynamic therapy

Question 63

__________ is the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas-a reflection of the defense mechanism of repression.

A)Resistance
B)Free association
C)Catharsis
D)Transference

Question 64

In psychoanalysis, what is the name of the term for a client spilling forth their psychic energy that had been repressed by conflicts?

A)Transference
B)Free association
C)Wish fulfillment
D)Catharsis

Question 65

Which of the following is a difference between traditional psychoanalysis and humanistic therapies?

A)Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on bio-psychological disorders, while humanistic therapies focus on early childhood experiences.
B)Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on client-centered therapy, while humanistic therapies focus on the process of transference.
C)Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on early childhood experiences, while humanistic therapies focus on what clients are experiencing here and now.
D)Traditional psychoanalysis focuses on unconditional positive regard, while humanistic therapies focus on ego analysis.

Question 66

Behavior therapy _________ to directly promote desired behavioral changes.

A)applies hereditary principles
B)uses symbolic meanings of maladaptive practices
C)uses childhood origins of problems
D)applies principles of learning

Question 67

Most antianxiety drugs belong to the chemical class known as ______________.

A)benzodiazepines
B)phenothiazine
C)carboxylic acids
D)thiodiphenylamine

Question 68

Mary and Ted, who are in a relationship, are working with a therapist to strengthen the communication between them and to express their insecurities about the relationship. Mary and Ted are most likely participating in __________.

A)social skills training
B)couple therapy
C)hypnotherapy
D)classical conditioning

Question 69

Which of the following is a similarity between client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy?

A)Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy assumes that people disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval or rejection.
B)Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy assumes that people seldom don social masks, pretending to be things they are not.
C)Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy was originated by Carl Rogers.
D)Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy involves tedious and cruel methods to treat patients with psychological disorders.

Question 70

Tom was suffering from severe anxiety. However, with the help of his therapist, he noticed that his cheek would start to "twitch" prior to an anxiety attack. This technique is most similar to ___________.

A)biofeedback training
B)token economy
C)systematic desensitization
D)cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 71

During Bobbi's therapy session, she noticed that her therapist was frequently mentioning rewards and consequences. Her therapist most likely practices what type of therapy?

A)behavior therapy
B)gestalt therapy
C)psychodynamic therapy
D)cognitive therapy

Question 72

In the context of psychodynamic therapies, when the superego floods an individual with excessive guilt, __________.

A)distress is eliminated
B)defenses are established
C)internal conflicts are resolved
D)loss of memory becomes inevitable

Question 73

Which of the following statements is true of behavior therapists?

A)They unearth the childhood origins of psychological problems in clients.
B)They discourage clients from gaining insight into behaviors such as feelings of anxiety.
C)They may help clients identify the symbolic meanings of maladaptive behaviors.
D)They may help clients become aware of the circumstances in which maladaptive behaviors occur.

Question 74

Raul goes to a psychotherapist because he is suffering from insomnia. The therapist asks him to relax by lying on a couch and encourages him to talk about anything that comes to his mind. The therapist does not use hypnosis. Through this process, the therapist hopes to gain an insight into the unconscious processes in Raul's mind. The therapist is using the technique of __________.

A)reinforcement
B)free association
C)systematic desensitization
D)dream analysis

Question 75

Joan avoids talking about her troubled marriage with her psychoanalyst. When she is asked to talk about the relationship, she becomes restless and claims, "There is nothing to tell." Which of the following is indicated by Joan's behavior?

A)Transference.
B)Catharsis.
C)Free association.
D)Resistance.

Question 76

__________ was originated by Fritz Perls.

A)Psychoanalysis therapy
B)Gestalt therapy
C)Client-centered therapy
D)Psychodynamic therapy

Question 77

Behavior therapists aid clients in __________.

A)resolving conflicts between the ego and the superego
B)the acquisition of adaptive behavior patterns
C)resolving conflicts between the ego and the id
D)the acquisition of self-defeating behavior patterns

Question 78

__________ is best described as the systematic application of the principles of learning to the direct modification of a client's problem behaviors.

A)Behavior therapy
B)Orientation behavior
C)Hypnotherapy
D)Dream analysis

Question 79

In order for Tonya to stop smoking, her therapist laced her cigarettes with incense that smelled horrifically. What is the name of the technique that Tonya's therapist is using?

A)aversive conditioning
B)virtual therapy
C)modeling
D)biofeedback training

Question 80

Jason meets a psychotherapist for the first time. During their session, the therapist tells him that she believes that humans have a natural tendency toward health and growth and that they are free to make choices and control their destinies. She also tells him that therapy is intended to help people get in touch with their genuine feelings. In this case, Jason's therapist is using __________.

A)family therapy
B)behavioral therapy
C)client-centered therapy
D)virtual therapy