Deck 9: The Voyage Through the Life Span

Question 1

Most parents suffer from empty-nest syndrome when their youngest child leaves home.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Newborn children do not know that it is necessary to eat to survive. They turn their head toward stimuli that prod or stroke the cheek, chin, or corner of the mouth. This is termed rooting.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

People are at the height of their cognitive powers during early adulthood.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to Piaget, the __________ is the second stage of cognitive development in children.

A)preoperational stage
B)sensorimotor stage
C)concrete operational stage
D)formal operational stage

Question 5

If you are reading this academic text, you are most likely in the emerging adulthood period of development. Emerging adulthood means roughly spanning the ages of 18 to 25, during which many young people attend college and graduate school, sort out identity issues, and create life plans.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of estrogen production in females?

A)It stimulates the frontal lobes of the brain.
B)It regulates the activity of the amygdala.
C)It prevents the growth of pubic hair.
D)It stimulates the growth of tissue in the hips.

Question 7

With age, there are very large declines in memory function, and these changes can never be reversed.

Question 8

The beginning of menstruation, or menarche, usually occurs between 11 and 14.

Question 9

In boys, pituitary hormones stimulate the testes to increase the output of __________, which in turn causes enlargement of the penis and testes and the appearance of body hair.

A)insulin
B)testosterone
C)cortistatin
D)oxytocin

Question 10

By the end of the first trimester of fetal development during pregnancy, formation of all the major organ systems is complete.

Question 11

It's normal for adolescents to see themselves as the center of attention and assume that other people are also preoccupied with their appearance and behavior. This is termed an imaginary audience.

Question 12

Prior to six months of age, infants realize that objects removed from sight still exist and try to find them. They show object permanence, which makes it possible to play peekaboo.

Question 13

Girls can become pregnant immediately after menarche.

Question 14

A feature of crystallized intelligence is that it does not increase throughout the life span.

Question 15

Research shows that children of authoritarian parents have greater self-reliance, self-esteem, social competence, and achievement motivation than other children.

Question 16

At the postconventional level of adolescence, moral judgements are derived from authority figures.

Question 17

Ainsworth and her colleagues identified three major types of attachment: secure attachment, avoidant attachment, and ambiguous/resistant attachment.

Question 18

According to Piaget's stages of development, when children are in the concrete operational stage, they are more egocentric than when they are in the preoperational stage.

Question 19

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory focuses instead on the ways in which children's cognitive development is influenced by the cultures. Key concepts in Vygotsky's theory include the zone of proximal development and scaffolding.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a characteristic of middle adulthood?

A)Menopause in women occurs.
B)Both sexes may look better than their earlier adult years.
C)Sense of smell declines.
D)Strength, coordination, and stamina are lower than in earlier years.

Question 21

Which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development?

A)Embryonic stage, germinal stage, fetal stage.
B)Fetal stage, embryonic stage, germinal stage.
C)Germinal stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage.
D)Germinal stage, zygotic stage, fetal stage.

Question 22

Judy, a 13-year-old girl, is poor at math. Ms. Kobes, Judy's math teacher, shares with Judy a list of math tips and tricks that she can use to become more proficient in the subject. In the context of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, Ms. Kobes is using _________ to help the child.

A)artificialism
B)cognitive scaffolding
C)proximal development
D)animism

Question 23

In the context of cognitive development, __________ is the creation of new ways of responding to objects or looking at the world.

A)inclination
B)fixation
C)assimilation
D)accommodation

Question 24

The most dramatic gains in height and weight occur during __________.

A)prenatal development
B)childhood
C)adolescence
D)early adulthood

Question 25

According to ethologist Konrad Lorenz, __________ only occurs during a critical period of development.

A)a refractory period
B)attachment
C)separation
D)a comfort period

Question 26

Newborns use the __________ to avoid painful stimuli.

A)Moro reflex
B)withdrawal reflex
C)palmar reflex
D)Babinski reflex

Question 27

Someone who does not run on the wrong side of the road because it's the law is exhibiting which stage of moral reasoning?

A)preconventional
B)conventional
C)postconventional
D)unconventional

Question 28

Richard is 67 years old. His family does not allow him to go anywhere alone because he often forgets his name, address, and the way home. In addition, Richard is unable to follow instructions and do simple chores. Which of the following diseases does Richard most likely have?

A)Alzheimer's disease
B)Addison's disease
C)Crohn's disease
D)Still's disease

Question 29

According to Erik Erikson, _____ is the stage of intimacy versus isolation.

A)adolescence
B)young adulthood
C)middle adulthood
D)late adulthood

Question 30

A two-year-old child's family has a pet rabbit. When the family visits the zoo, the child sees a hamster for the first time and calls it a rabbit because of the physical features that are common to a rabbit and a hamster. According to Piaget, which cognitive process will most likely modify the child's understanding?

A)stimulation
B)attribution
C)accommodation
D)equilibration

Question 31

Stephanie decided not to cheat on the exam because she was afraid of the consequences. This is characteristic of which stage of moral reasoning?

A)postconventional
B)unconventional
C)conventional
D)preconventional

Question 32

A two-year-old child has a pet dog named Sophie. The child visits her neighbor and sees the neighbor's pet dog. Even though the neighbor's dog is larger and of a different color, the child points to it and calls it a dog. Which of Piaget's cognitive processes is the child demonstrating?

A)assimilation
B)accommodation
C)attribution
D)fixation

Question 33

Which of Jeffrey Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is characterized by people having an optimistic belief that the world lies open before them?

A)The age of identity exploration.
B)The age of self-focus.
C)The age of possibilities.
D)The age of feeling in-between.

Question 34

As it relates to the placenta, which of the following is accurate?

A)It is the fluid-filled sac that contains the developing embryo or fetus.
B)It is a tube between the mother and her developing child.
C)It is fully developed about six months after birth.
D)It prevents the mother and developing child's blood from mixing.

Question 35

Piaget described human thought, or intelligence, in terms of the concepts of __________ and accommodation.

A)socialization
B)imprinting
C)assimilation
D)scaffolding

Question 36

During the embryonic stage of prenatal development, the ________.

A)zygote gets implanted in the uterine wall
B)fetus opens and shuts its eyes
C)fingers and toes are formed
D)sex organs start to differentiate

Question 37

Which of the following is a similarity between adolescence and emerging adulthood?

A)Both are associated with the empty-nest syndrome.
B)Both are ages of frequently changing educational direction.
C)Both are ages of complete independence from parental influences.
D)Both are ages of feeling in-between.

Question 38

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which of the following is true of children in the concrete operational stage?

A)They have thoughts that generally involve abstract ideas rather than objects that are tangible in nature.
B)They cannot center on two dimensions of a problem at once.
C)They attribute life and consciousness to inanimate objects.
D)They center on the motives of wrongdoers as well as on the amount of damage done when assigning blame.

Question 39

The __________ is the final stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

A)sensorimotor stage
B)preoperational stage
C)concrete operational stage
D)formal operational stage

Question 40

Emmett is 21 years old. He finished his undergraduate studies and found a job. After a few months, he quit and joined another firm with a different job description. In the same year, he switched apartments more than once, with minimal furniture. Which of Jeffrey Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is best depicted in the scenario?

A)The age of self-focus.
B)The conventional level.
C)The age of instability.
D)The preconventional level.

Question 41

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which of the following is a characteristic of children in the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt?

A)Children need to develop feelings of self-control over physical functions.
B)Children begin to assert control over the environment and strive to master adult skills.
C)Children meet academic and social challenges in school.
D)Children alternate between feelings of a sense of industry and feelings of inferiority.

Question 42

According to Piaget, children in the formal operational stage of cognitive development:

A)appreciate the outer environment more than the world of the imagination.
B)lack the ability to form attachments.
C)have poor depth perception.
D)have the ability to hypothesize.

Question 43

Mark and Mindy have two daughters. Their older daughter moved to a different city to pursue her graduate studies a few years ago. Recently, their younger daughter also moved to a different country for her undergraduate studies. Now, Mindy is bereft and is unable to figure out what to do with her free time. This scenario best illustrates the _____.

A)sandwich generation
B)empty-nest syndrome
C)concept of philophobia
D)midlife crisis

Question 44

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, children begin to assert control over the environment and strive to master adult skills when they are in the stage of __________.

A)industry versus inferiority
B)trust versus mistrust
C)autonomy versus shame and doubt
D)initiative versus guilt

Question 45

In the context of the perceptual development of infants, __________ is the amount of time spent looking at a visual stimulus.

A)organization time
B)imprinting time
C)fixation time
D)integration time

Question 46

Which of the following is true of crystallized intelligence?

A)It is shown more generally by vocabulary.
B)It is shown by solving problems in new areas.
C)It is typically demonstrated by mental flexibility.
D)It is demonstrated by the ability to process information rapidly.

Question 47

. Which of the following is consistent with Erikson's stage of ego integrity versus despair?

A)People experience sexual desires for the first time.
B)People focus on letting go and accepting their place in the sweep of history.
C)People form emotional goals that bring them satisfaction.
D)People face the empty-nest syndrome for the first time.

Question 48

_______ are male sex hormones that masculinize the sex organs in the embryonic stage of prenatal development.

A)Zymogens
B)Pepsinogens
C)Androgens
D)Estrogens

Question 49

In the context of prenatal development, the male embryo starts producing androgens, male sex hormones, by about the:

A)second week.
B)seventh week.
C)fifth month.
D)seventh month.

Question 50

Tom, a high school senior, is very clear that he wants to study medicine. He spends his summer volunteering at hospitals and studies very hard for all his tests. He subscribes to medical journals so that he does not miss out on developments in the medical field. Tom is determined to study at Harvard Medical School. According to Erickson's theory of psychosocial development, Tom is demonstrating _____.

A)role diffusion
B)ego identity
C)self-indulgence
D)instrumental competence

Question 51

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fetal stage of prenatal development?

A)The fetus alternates between wakefulness and sleep.
B)The fetus develops female sex organs regardless of its genetic code.
C)The fetus's heart has its first heartbeat.
D)The fetus's nervous system begins to transmit messages.

Question 52

Craig and Alyssa do not respond to every cry that their infant makes. They want their infant to grow-up independent. Their infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents.

A)ambivalent
B)avoidant
C)resistant
D)secure

Question 53

Lena is a mother of two. She has been working at a school and managing every aspect of her children's lives from the time her first child was born. She believes that she must contribute to her family as well as the society. According to Erik Erikson, Lena is demonstrating ________.

A)egocentrism
B)stagnation
C)generativity
D)assimilation

Question 54

Ophelia is 51 years old. She has begun to experience hot flashes and finds it difficult to sleep at night. More often than not, she finds herself feeling pessimistic and unmotivated. She also has a certain amount of anxiety. Ophelia is most likely experiencing the _____ of middle adulthood.

A)identity crisis
B)climacteric phase
C)personal fable
D)objective responsibility

Question 55

In the context of motor development of children, which of the following statements is true of activities like rolling over, sitting up, crawling, creeping, walking, and running?

A)These activities are not influenced by environmental factors.
B)All infants engage in these activities at the same age.
C)Most infants engage in these activities in the same sequence.
D)These activities are not related to the genetic code.

Question 56

According to Ainsworth, infants who show __________ are least distressed by their mother's departure, play by themselves without fuss, and ignore their mothers when they return.

A)avoidant attachment
B)ambivalent/resistant attachment
C)secure attachment
D)anxious-preoccupied attachment

Question 57

A mother is playing with her eight-month-old son. She places a toy in front of her son and then takes it away. She notices that her son starts searching for the toy. Which aspect of Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development is depicted in the scenario?

A)fixation time
B)object reference
C)target fixation
D)object permanence

Question 58

Some animals become attached to the first moving object they encounter. The formation of an attachment in this manner is therefore called __________.

A)assimilating
B)imprinting
C)equilibrating
D)attenuating

Question 59

The embryo is connected to the placenta by the __________.

A)umbilical cord
B)uterine tube
C)fallopian tube
D)urethra

Question 60

Which of the following is a feature of Erikson's intimacy versus isolation stage?

A)recollection of life experiences
B)selective optimization with compensation
C)inevitability of death
D)establishment of close relationships

Question 61

A researcher places a baby in a room with many different objects. Then, he records the amount of time the baby spends looking at any one stimulus or object. This shows the baby's visual preference. In this scenario, the researcher is most likely measuring the baby's _____.

A)attachment time
B)fixation time
C)orientation time
D)assimilation time

Question 62

__________ are simple, inborn responses elicited by specific stimuli.

A)schemas
B)scaffoldings
C)attachments
D)reflexes

Question 63

In the context of prenatal development, the fetal stage lasts from:

A)the conception to the implantation.
B)the implantation until about the fourth week of development.
C)the beginning of the third month of pregnancy until birth.
D)the second month of pregnancy to the third month.

Question 64

According to Arnett, which of the following is most likely a part of the emerging adulthood stage?

A)experiments with career possibilities
B)egocentrism
C)mid-life crisis due to a stagnant career
D)empty-nest syndrome

Question 65

The __________ is a sac within the uterus that contains the embryo or fetus.

A)amniotic sac
B)thecal sac
C)bursa sac
D)uterine sac

Question 66

As Nather (2013) points out, one of the weakness in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is his claim that:

A)the moral developmental stages are universal.
B)his scenarios were similar to real-life moral decisions.
C)there are only three different levels.
D)the moral dilemmas were insufficient.

Question 67

Despite some criticisms, Piaget's theory of cognitive development was accurate in:

A)showing how infants develop in specific stages.
B)Identifying how egocentrism and conservation appear to develop sequentially.
C)predicting the age of children's abilities.
D)providing a biological explanation of cognition.

Question 68

According to Ainsworth's strange situation method, upon reunion with their mothers after separation, infants with resistant attachment:

A)seek interaction and are readily comforted by their mother.
B)alternately cling to and push their mother away.
C)cry and throw tantrums.
D)ignore their mother.

Question 69

Which of the following is the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

A)Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.
B)Preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational.
C)Sensorimotor, concrete operational, preoperational, formal operational.
D)Concrete operational, sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational.

Question 70

The preoperational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by:

A)children being absorbed in watching themselves close and open their hands.
B)children thinking in two dimensions.
C)children attributing life and consciousness to physical objects.
D)children being able to engage in complex moral reasoning.

Question 71

Kyra, a history major, likes to talk with her grandfather often. She calls him her human dictionary because he knows the meaning of almost every word she asks him about. She is also surprised at how well versed he is in domestic and international current affairs and how easily he can talk about historical events. In this scenario, Kyra's grandfather is best displaying _________.

A)fluid intelligence
B)crystallized intelligence
C)abstract intelligence
D)spatial intelligence

Question 72

Vygotsky's theory emphasizes ________.

A)schemas
B)observations
C)cultural variations
D)self-initiation

Question 73

A pregnant woman visits her doctor for a scheduled ultrasound. She hears the strong heartbeat of the developing child. She is also able to see its fingers and toes. She tells the doctor that she frequently feels the baby kick. Which stage of prenatal development is depicted in the scenario?

A)The fetal stage.
B)The embryonic stage.
C)The germinal stage.
D)The implantation stage.

Question 74

The tendency to view the world as if others view the world as one does oneself is:

A)decentration.
B)egocentrism.
C)accommodation.
D)conservation.

Question 75

A pregnant woman undergoes an ultrasound in the second month of her pregnancy and hears the heartbeat of her developing child for the first time. She is told that at this stage of her pregnancy the head of the developing child will start changing shape, and its facial features will start becoming easier to identify. The _________ of prenatal development is depicted in this scenario.

A)fetal stage
B)germinal stage
C)embryonic stage
D)radicle stage

Question 76

Anaya is a teenager who has just started wearing braces. She hates going to school now because she thinks that everyone is looking at her and laughing. She believes that she must look her best at all times. Which of the following concepts of Piaget's adolescent egocentrism is depicted in this scenario?

A)The concept of cognitive scaffolding.
B)The concept of objective responsibility.
C)The concept of the personal fable.
D)The concept of the imaginary audience.

Question 77

If every door in the store swings both ways, a young child might believe all doors work this way. When the child encounters a door that does not work this way she assumes that it must not be a door. This method of explaining doors according to the child's existing schema is called __________.

A)accommodation
B)assimilation
C)decentration
D)stimulation

Question 78

What is the fifth stage of Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development?

A)autonomy versus shame and doubt
B)initiative versus guilt
C)industry versus inferiority
D)ego identity versus role diffusion

Question 79

Rhett's dad told him in middle school that he will play football next year. He even went as far to requiring him to work out with him at their local gym. Rhett's dad is most likely a(n) __________ parent.

A)submissive
B)authoritative
C)authoritarian
D)permissive

Question 80

According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, toddlers through about the age of three are said to be in the stage of __________.

A)trust versus mistrust
B)autonomy versus shame and doubt
C)initiative versus guilt
D)industry versus inferiority