Deck 22: Pest Management

Question 1

Pheromones are:

A) produced by bacteria.
B) toxins.
C) sexual attractants.
D) involved in metamorphosis.
E) pesticides.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In the United States, the individuals that are most likely to be poisoned by pesticides are:

A) children.
B) farm workers.
C) women.
D) factory workers.
E) All of these choices are correct

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Using a combination of biological, chemical and cultural methods to control pests is referred to as:

A) biological control.
B) integrated pest management (IPM).
C) scout-and-spray.
D) biological magnification.
E) resistance management.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

One problem associated with pesticides is that they:

A) do not stay where they are applied.
B) tend to move through water and soil.
C) may move great distances from the point of application.
D) can be transported through the atmosphere.
E) All of these statements are correct.

Question 5

One benefit of using a machine like a "bug vacuum" to remove pests from crop plants is:

A) it targets specific pest species.
B) one treatment per season is sufficient for pest control.
C) it is safer for farm workers than pesticides.
D) it is much cheaper to use than pesticides.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 6

The techniques of using naturally occurring disease organisms, parasites, or predators to control pests is called:

A) biological control.
B) biological magnification.
C) biological amplification.
D) bioaccumulation.
E) genetic control.

Question 7

DDT is a/an:

A) organophosphate.
B) carbamate.
C) chlorinated hydrocarbon.
D) inorganic compound.
E) narrow-spectrum pesticide.

Question 8

Any inherited characteristic that decreases the effect of a pesticide on a pest is known as:

A) genetic resistance.
B) biological amplification.
C) resistance management.
D) bioaccumulation.
E) persistence.

Question 9

Pesticides are effective:

A) at reducing crop productivity due to competition with weeds.
B) for controlling some organisms that cause diseases in humans.
C) at increasing the amount of crop damage due to insects.
D) at controlling insects and weeds, but ineffective against plant pathogens.
E) at increasing the farmer's cost for a particular crop.

Question 10

Natural organic compounds produced by plants that are poisonous, particularly to insects, are known as:

A) narrow-spectrum pesticides.
B) organophosphates.
C) grass herbicides.
D) botanicals.
E) broad-spectrum herbicides.

Question 11

Botanicals:

A) have no effect on aquatic organisms or habitats.
B) are toxic to most microorganisms.
C) would include nicotine, pyrethrin, and rotenone.
D) would include Aldicarb, Lindane, and Methoxychlor.
E) are all synthetic pesticides.

Question 12

Carbamates are:

A) broad-spectrum insecticides.
B) derived from carbonic acid.
C) not as toxic to mammals as organophosphates.
D) insecticides that show broad, non-target toxicity.
E) All of these apply to carbamates

Question 13

Which of the following statement regarding endocrine disrupters is incorrect?

A) A direct cause and effect relationship between endocrine disrupter chemicals and adverse effects of the human population has yet to be established
B) In the lab, scientists have been unable to reproduce the abnormalities observed in wild animals exposed to potential endocrine disrupters
C) Endocrine disrupters interfere with or mimic hormones
D) Six pesticides are currently known to be endocrine disrupters
E) Some known endocrine disrupters have yet to be banned in the United States

Question 14

A narrow-spectrum pesticide would kill:

A) all insects in the vicinity.
B) the organism for which it was intended.
C) broad-leafed plants.
D) grasses and their relatives.
E) a variety of organisms.

Question 15

An important technique in integrated pest management is:

A) calendar spraying.
B) monoculture.
C) only using second-generation pesticides.
D) crop rotation.
E) bioaccumulation.

Question 16

Which of the following pesticides is a known endocrine disrupter?

A) Atrazine
B) 2, 4 - D
C) Butylate
D) Malathion
E) Aldicarb

Question 17

Which of the following correctly identifies a cultivation method that has been used to control pest organisms?

A) interplanting two or more crops
B) monoculture
C) strip cutting
D) irradiation
E) interplanting two or more crops and strip cutting are both cultivation methods that have been used

Question 18

A pesticide used to kill plants is a/an:

A) fungicide.
B) herbicide.
C) insecticide.
D) botanical.
E) rodenticide.

Question 19

A predicament where the cost of applying pesticide increases while their effectiveness decreases is called:

A) resistance management.
B) persistence.
C) biological magnification.
D) the pesticide treadmill.
E) chemical control.

Question 20

Natural chemicals produced by insects to regulate their own growth and metamorphosis are:

A) pheromones.
B) hormones.
C) biological controls.
D) organophosphates.
E) endocrine disrupters.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a short-term effect of pesticides?

A) nausea
B) vomiting
C) death
D) damage to nervous system
E) none of these, all are short-term effects

Question 22

Which of the following does not apply to irradiating foods?

A) Eating irradiated food has been shown to cause cancer in humans.
B) Irradiation lessens the need for pesticides and food additives.
C) Irradiated food does not become radioactive in the process.
D) Ionized radiation kills many microorganisms, like Salmonella, that cause food poisoning.
E) None of these, all apply to irradiating foods

Question 23

One inconsistency in the Delaney Clause is that it did not cover:

A) the link between animal testing and the potential for causing cancer in humans.
B) pesticides on raw foods, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, milk, and meats.
C) the presence of pesticides in processed foods.
D) first-generation pesticides.
E) disclosure of inert ingredients in pesticides that might also be toxic or otherwise harmful.

Question 24

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants requires that countries develop plans to eliminate production and use of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP's). Countries have been granted an exception to this requirement for DDT because:

A) It is found naturally in several plant species.
B) It is an inexpensive method to control mosquitoes in countries where no affordable alternatives exist
C) It is the only method to effectively control the mosquitoes that carry malaria.
D) Many countries have stockpiled large amounts of DDT, and it would be difficult and costly to eliminate all of it.
E) None of these choices is correct

Question 25

Which of the following is not an alternative to pesticides?

A) pheromones
B) quarantine
C) biological controls
D) organophosphates
E) vacuuming pests

Question 26

Quarantine:

A) may require the destruction of an entire crop or field to prevent further spread or infestation.
B) is a foolproof method of preventing the importation of foreign pests.
C) occurs at the entry points to the United States and has little impact on local farmers.
D) only applies to pest organisms and does not affect the import of the potential host organisms or products.
E) None of these choices is correct

Question 27

Which of the following is not an integrated pest management technique?

A) quarantine
B) biological controls
C) irradiation
D) crop rotation
E) calendar spraying

Question 28

Bioaccumulation is the buildup of a persistent pesticide in __________ .
Biomagnification is the buildup of a persistent pesticide in __________ .

A) an individual organism's body; organisms at the top of the food chain
B) oceans and seas; lakes and ponds
C) an individual's blood stream; an individual's fatty tissues
D) plants; animals
E) living tissue; air, water and soil.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a long-term effect of pesticides?

A) lymphoma
B) sterility
C) leukemia
D) breast cancer
E) damage to nervous system

Question 30

Which of the following would eliminate mold, mildew or mushrooms in a given area?

A) Rodenticide
B) Insecticide
C) Herbicide
D) Fungicide
E) Abioticide

Question 31

Monocultures _________the number of agricultural pests found in any one area due to the __________ of the habitat.

A) increase / uniformity
B) decrease / uniformity
C) decrease / complexity
D) increase / complexity
E) have no effect / hardiness

Question 32

One of the fundamental premises associated with IPM is:

A) perfect produce is best.
B) the eradication of pest organisms.
C) education in agricultural strategies.
D) economic gain is foremost.
E) knowledge of the dates on which pesticide spraying should occur.

Question 33

Genetically modified, pest-resistant crops:

A) may contain the gene from Bt.
B) have been shown to be completely safe for non-pest insect species, such as the monarch butterfly.
C) have not yet been developed.
D) may become invasive pests or persist in the environment longer than unmodified crops.
E) require more frequent applications of pesticide, although in lower doses, than unmodified crops.

Question 34

Correctly match the U.S. Law with its regulation:

A) Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act (FDCA): Regulated acceptable level of pesticides in produce, antibiotics, and perfume.
B) Delaney Clause of FDCA: Allowed no substance capable of causing cancer in test animals or humans into processed food.
C) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA): Established acceptable and unacceptable levels of pesticides in the environment.
D) Food Quality Protection Act: Regulated the effectiveness of pesticides.
E) Pesticide Chemicals Amendment (Miller Amendment): Required testing and registration of the active ingredients of pesticides

Question 35

Which of the following do not apply to organophosphates?

A) They are toxic to animals other than insects
B) They are toxic to humans
C) They are organic compounds that contain phosphorus
D) They persist in the environment as long as chlorinated hydrocarbons
E) They were an outgrowth of German World War II nerve gas research

Question 36

Bt:

A) is a bacteria that creates proteins which are toxic to insects.
B) is classified as a botanical.
C) is a broad-spectrum insecticide.
D) is a narrow-spectrum herbicide.
E) None of these choices is correct

Question 37

Critics of irradiation of food products are mainly concerned with:
I. irradiation producing blemishes on fruits and vegetables.
II. a fear that irradiated food is radioactive.
III. irradiation forming free radicals in food, some of which are carcinogenic in lab animals.
IV. a fear that irradiated foods cause sterility in humans

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) II and III

Question 38

Which of the following does not apply to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)?

A) It originally was passed to regulate the effectiveness of pesticides.
B) It requires registration of older pesticides.
C) It regulates pesticides that did not meet tolerance standards set by the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
D) It was updated and amended in 1988.
E) All of these statements apply to FIFRA

Question 39

Which of the following statements is not correct?

A) It is now known that pesticides can move great distances through the atmosphere from the point of origin.
B) Exposure to pesticides can be a risk to human health, both short-term exposure to high levels of pesticide and long-term exposure to low levels of pesticide.
C) Recent research has shown that persistent toxins in the environment are disrupting human hormone systems.
D) Lymphoma occurrence has been linked to short-term exposure to certain pesticides
E) Children may be more sensitive to pesticides because their bodies are still developing.

Question 40

Which of the following terms is NOT correctly paired with its description?

A) grass herbicides - safe for most plants
B) broad-leaf herbicides - do not kill grasses
C) selective herbicides - kill all vegetation
D) nonselective herbicides - kill all vegetation
E) None of these

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a highlighted concern of biological control?

A) The agent might attack unintended hosts and become a pest itself
B) Once the control is introduced, it can't be recalled
C) Some bacteria may produce a natural pesticide toxic to some insects
D) Bt toxin is ingested by insects and poisons the rest of the food chain
E) None of these

Question 42

What is a persistent organic pollutant? How has the Stockholm Convention addressed persistent organic pollutants? Identify and briefly explain one notable exception to this treaty. What would be necessary to make this treaty effective globally?

Question 43

What method is used to prevent the spread of foreign pests by restricting any plant or animal which might harbor pests?

A) integrated pest management
B) insecticide
C) quarantine
D) sterile male technique
E) pheromones

Question 44

Unfortunately there is no such thing as an "ideal" pesticide. However, if you were to create one, describe six characteristics that your "ideal" pesticide might posses.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a U.S. law that regulates pesticides?

A) The Food, Drug, and Cosmetics Act
B) The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
C) The Clean Consumerism Act
D) The Food Quality Protection Act
E) None of these

Question 46

What is used to lure insects, such as Japanese beetles, into traps?

A) pheromones
B) hormones
C) DDT
D) Insecticides
E) Herbicides

Question 47

What is the difference between an inorganic pesticide and a botanical pesticide? Include in your answer:
a) Examples of each category of pesticide.
b) Potential risks of the pesticide in the environment.
c) A distinction between first- and second-generation pesticides.

Question 48

First-generation pesticides are __________ and second-generation pesticides are _________.

A) organic compounds containing chlorine - synthetic poisons
B) botanicals - organic compounds that contain phosphorous
C) both inorganic compounds and botanicals - only inorganic compounds
D) both inorganic compounds and botanicals - synthetic poisons
E) none of these choices is correct

Question 49

Which type of insecticide is the most poisonous and is highly toxic to birds, bees, and aquatic organisms?

A) carbamates
B) organophosphates
C) DDT
D) Selective herbicides
E) Chlorinated hydrocarbom

Question 50

What are two major benefits of using pesticides? If pesticide use were discontinued, what pesticide alternatives or compromises would be needed to maintain these benefits?

Question 51

Identify two problems concerning banned or heavily restricted pesticides. Why is pesticide misuse increasingly viewed as a global environmental problem?

Question 52

You have noticed that mice are co-habiting your apartment with you. Besides spraying toxic chemicals, what are some steps you can take to control this pest?

Question 53

Which of the following is a strategy to reduce pesticide use?

A) removing subsidies that encourage pesticide use
B) applying pesticide only when needed
C) adopting IPM practices
D) using improved pesticide application equipment
E) all of these choices are correct

Question 54

A number of alternative methods to controlling pest populations involve some aspect of insect reproductive biology. Why has this feature of insect biology been targeted? Include in your answer:
a) Two such methods and explain how they work to control the pests.
b) The risks associated with each approach.
c) Are these approaches broad-spectrum or narrow-spectrum?