Deck 10: Republicans in Power

Question 1

How did the Embargo Act of 1807 affect the United States?

A) It raised the nation's stature with European powers.
B) It destroyed the Federalist party once and for all.
C) It increased unemployment in the United States.
D) It led most citizens to rally in support of President Jefferson.

Answer 1

It increased unemployment in the United States.

Question 2

Which explorer was arrested and taken to Mexico by the Spanish for traveling too far into the West?

A) Zebulon Pike
B) Meriwether Lewis
C) William Clark
D) Sacajawea

Answer 2

Zebulon Pike

Question 3

Why did John Adams appoint his famous "midnight judges" during the final weeks of his presidency?

A) To save Jefferson the time of filling federal posts
B) To leave as many Federalists as possible in government positions
C) To make sure that experienced candidates were installed in these positions
D) To reduce the size of the national judiciary

Answer 3

To leave as many Federalists as possible in government positions

Question 4

The Shawnee chief Tecumseh responded to the many challenges facing Native Americans in the early republic by

A) imitating whites' seemingly more successful way of life.
B) living a bitter life of alcoholism and depression.
C) practicing advanced agricultural techniques.
D) proudly embracing Native American traditions.

Question 5

President Jefferson believed that which of the following was a proper task for the federal government?

A) Levying internal taxes
B) Providing government jobs
C) Staffing lighthouses
D) Increasing the size of the military

Question 6

Why did Spain return its trans-Mississippi territory to France in 1800?

A) It could no longer afford to fight the Indians who lived on the land.
B) It could not stem the tide of French immigrants into the territory.
C) It wanted a buffer zone between its holdings in northern Mexico and the Americans.
D) It wanted France to sell Louisiana to England and then split the profits.

Question 7

Why did Thomas Jefferson criticize Alexander Hamilton's vision of government?

A) Jefferson believed it would lead to another major war with European powers.
B) Jefferson thought it promoted the interests of greedy speculators and profiteers.
C) Hamilton's ideas would undercut the funding necessary for a strong military.
D) Hamilton's vision ignored securing commercial ties with Britain.

Question 8

Why did the United States express concern after Spain returned Louisiana to France?

A) The United States knew that France would sell the territory to England.
B) France was then under the rule of powerful expansionist Napoleon.
C) The United States believed the French would encourage Indian uprisings.
D) The French would never sell such a large territory to the United States.

Question 9

The alleged plot by Gabriel, a twenty-four-year-old slave, to stage a slave rebellion led white Virginians to

A) adopt a policy of gradual emancipation.
B) hang twenty-seven black men for contemplating rebellion.
C) implement laws for the better treatment of slaves.
D) deport all free blacks from the state.

Question 10

In the painting "Saving the Life of Commodore Decatur," which of the following indicates that the Tripolitan soldiers were different from the Americans?

A) Their clothing and weapons
B) Their age and gender
C) Their physical size and stature
D) Their complexions

Question 11

How did women in early-nineteenth-century Washington, D.C., play key roles in political circles?

A) By networking through "calling"
B) By voting in unified blocks
C) By controlling their husbands' economic affairs
D) By protesting unfair legislation

Question 12

How did Congress respond to the sinking of the ship Chesapeake in June 1807?

A) Congress passed a law prohibiting arms sales to France.
B) It prohibited U.S. ships from traveling to all foreign ports.
C) Congress declared war on Great Britain.
D) It declared an alliance with Great Britain against France.

Question 13

What was the lasting effect of the Marbury v. Madison (1803) Supreme Court decision?

A) The ruling awarded William Marbury an unprecedented monetary settlement.
B) The decision compelled Jefferson to award Marbury the government post he had been denied.
C) The court excused itself from making decisions regarding presidential appointments.
D) The court claimed to the right to disallow a law on the grounds that it was unconstitutional.

Question 14

Why did Federalist Alexander Hamilton support Jefferson over Aaron Burr as the presidential election of 1800 played out in the House of Representatives?

A) Hamilton had been pulling for Jefferson to win the election all along.
B) Jefferson and Hamilton had formed a secret alliance.
C) Hamilton believed that Burr would be more dangerous to the presidency.
D) Burr had angered Hamilton by challenging him to a duel.

Question 15

What happened when Robert R. Livingston approached the French about buying New Orleans?

A) He purchased the entire Louisiana territory.
B) The French turned him away.
C) He bought New Orleans for $60 million.
D) Jefferson fired him for disobeying orders.

Question 16

What were the terms of the alliance Thomas Jefferson established with the Osage Indians in 1804?

A) Jefferson refused to promise the Osage protection from Indian refugees.
B) Jefferson wanted the Osage to adopt agriculture.
C) Jefferson pledged to respect the Osage's hunting lifestyle.
D) Jefferson forced Osage women to work in the fields.

Question 17

What did Thomas Jefferson mean when he referred to his successful bid for the presidency in 1800 as the "revolution of 1800"?

A) It represented a thorough yet peaceful repudiation of the Federalists.
B) The American Revolution had not been complete until he won the presidency.
C) He would usher in an era of military spending to spread the revolution worldwide.
D) He was astonished that Aaron Burr did not win the contest.

Question 18

The exploration of the Spanish and Indian territory west of the Mississippi River by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark succeeded in

A) finding a waterway between the east and west coasts of the United States.
B) negotiating treaties that ensured lasting peace with western Indian tribes.
C) collecting valuable information on the natural environment of the region.
D) ensuring that later western journeys would be completely free of hardship.

Question 19

According to Jefferson, the source of true freedom in America was the

A) independent farmer.
B) rising class of urban merchants.
C) political party system.
D) property qualifications for voting.

Question 20

What happened when the American government attempted to dominate the Comanche Indians?

A) The Comanche declared war on the United States.
B) The government extracted new taxes from the Indians.
C) White Americans took over Comanche land.
D) The Comanche became trading partners with Americans.

Question 21

In this image, why was Jemima Wilkinson portrayed in a shapeless robe and with swept-back, curled hair?

A) To convey that she was a person with no gender
B) To signify that she was wealthy
C) Because those styles were popular among women at that time
D) To make her appear very feminine

Question 22

In negotiating the Treaty of Fort Wayne in 1809, William Henry Harrison angered the Shawnee chief Tecumseh by

A) negotiating with chiefs who had no legitimate claims to the land they ceded to the U.S. government.
B) agreeing to exchange the land in Indiana only for less-fertile land west of the Mississippi River.
C) offering him gold and silver in exchange for land that Tecumseh claimed was "owned" only by the Great Spirit.
D) threatening to kill Tecumseh's brother Tenskwatawa in retaliation for the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Question 23

How did the War of 1812 and the Hartford Convention affect the Federalist party?

A) The party gained new strength because of New Englanders' support for the conflict.
B) The Federalist party died as a political force after opposing a popular war.
C) Federalist strength moved west and south into more agricultural areas.
D) The Federalist party attracted a new generation of War Hawk politicians.

Question 24

Why did congressmen from New England and some Mid-Atlantic states oppose war with Great Britain in 1812?

A) They believed the United States could not win.
B) They knew that the South and West would be slow to raise troops.
C) They wanted instead to target France.
D) They feared the war would hurt commerce.

Question 25

Unlike theological seminaries that trained men for the clergy, Troy Female Seminary and Hartford Seminary prepared their female students

A) for family life.
B) to do housework.
C) to work in politics.
D) to teach.

Question 26

Which activity was open to single women in every state in the early republic?

A) Practicing law
B) Serving on juries
C) Paying taxes
D) Voting

Question 27

Why did slave marriages avoid the unequal power relationships characteristic of white marriages?

A) Slaves could not enter into legal contractual obligations.
B) Slave owners enforced equality in slave unions.
C) African custom ensured equality between husbands and wives.
D) Married slaves avoided all customs of white society.

Question 28

In the early nineteenth century, the Anglo-American view of women was embodied in the legal concept of feme covert, which held that

A) married women had the right to own their own property.
B) the need for men to control their wives was an antiquated notion.
C) a wife's legal existence was completely subsumed by that of her husband.
D) single women could not own property or make contracts.

Question 29

What did state legislatures do when faced with the opportunity to rewrite the laws regulating domestic relations?

A) They redrafted old British laws in light of republican principles.
B) They did little to change any laws relating to domestic relations.
C) They took an active role in promoting domestic equality in the private sphere.
D) They emphasized gender equality in the public sphere.

Question 30

Which group suffered the greatest losses in the War of 1812?

A) Indians
B) British
C) Americans
D) War Hawks in Congress

Question 31

In 1820, the courses and reading lists at the top female academies

A) continued to lag behind those of similar male schools.
B) avoided rigorous academic study in favor of ornamental arts.
C) resembled the courses and reading lists at elite male colleges.
D) reflected the fact that both wealthy and poor women attended.

Question 32

"Tho' we cannot discern the least reason for this discrimination in favor of France . . . , still in a war with [England] there might have been found some consolation had our country been in any measure prepared. . . . But under the present circumstances, there will be . . . no chance for success, no hope of national glory . . . and in the end an inglorious peace, in which [France will join Britain] to shackle & restrain the commerce of our infant empire, by regulations in which they will find a common interest. . . . Resolved, that it is the true policy and duty of this nation to adhere to an impartial neutrality; to abandon commercial restrictions; . . . to indemnify itself against the losses to which its commerce is exposed in the present European war. . . . That to abstain from efforts of impotent resentment, blind rage, or desperate policy is not to be deemed submission to any foreign power, but a conformity to necessities imposed on our country by an overruling Providence, for which our courage and patriotism is not responsible."
What position did the citizens of Boston advocate with regard to war with European countries, according to this document?

A) Remaining on the side of France
B) Joining forces with the British
C) Maintaining a position of impartial neutrality
D) Becoming allies with the Dutch against the French and the British

Question 33

What was the result of the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812?

A) It organized an exchange of territory between the United States and England.
B) It settled the ongoing dispute over shipping rights.
C) It determined the exact boundary between the United States and Florida.
D) It settled few of the issues that had led to war.

Question 34

What did the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 do?

A) It prohibited trade across state lines in order to control commerce.
B) It allowed Americans to trade only with the Spanish.
C) It cut off all communication between the United States and European nations.
D) It prohibited trade with England and France and their colonies.

Question 35

While Andrew Jackson's defeat of the British at New Orleans cemented his status as a military hero, what he did not know at the time was that

A) the British were already planning to withdraw.
B) negotiators had signed a peace agreement two weeks earlier.
C) his men had just run out of ammunition.
D) his men had decided to return home after this battle.

Question 36

In the 1790s, which state became the first to enfranchise all adult males?

A) Mississippi
B) Illinois
C) Massachusetts
D) Vermont

Question 37

What did British soldiers do once they entered Washington, D.C., in 1814?

A) They demanded a meeting with President Madison.
B) They organized a parade in an effort to persuade the Americans to surrender.
C) They set fire to much of the city, including the White House.
D) They stole most of the American government's vital documents.

Question 38

Which of the following voting laws passed in many states during the early nineteenth century?

A) The exclusion of felons from the voter rolls
B) Women's enfranchisement
C) Obligatory literacy testing for registration
D) The raising of the voting age to thirty

Question 39

"[T]he period has now arrived, when the United States must support their character and station among the nations of the earth, or submit to the most shameful degradation. . . . . The mad ambition, the lust of power and commercial avarice of Great Britain, arrogating to herself the complete dominion of the ocean, and exercising over it an unbounded and lawless tyranny, have left to neutral nations an alternative only between the base surrender of their rights, and a manly vindication of them. Under the pretext of impressing British seamen . . . our Citizens are wantonly snatched from their Country. . . ; doomed to an ignominious and slavish bondage; compelled to fight the battles of a foreign Country and often to perish in them. . . . While this practice is continued, it is impossible for the United States to consider themselves an independent Nation. . . .
It is known that symptoms of British hostility towards the United States have never failed to produce corresponding symptoms among those tribes [on the frontiers] . . . abundant supplies of the ordinary munitions of war have been afforded by the agents of British commercial companies . . . wherewith they were enabled to commence that system of savage warfare on our frontiers."
What justification does Document 2 give for waging war with Great Britain?

A) British impressment of American seamen
B) British alliance with France
C) British impressment of frontier Indians hostile to the United States
D) British attempts to foment slave rebellion

Question 40

By 1820, divorce in the United States

A) remained illegal in all states.
B) was possible only in southern states.
C) was possible in most states.
D) was possible in every state.

Question 41

The lower Great Plains region was home to two significant Indian tribes, the Osage and the Comanche. Discuss their interactions with the United States. Which group was more successful and why?

Question 42

What was the legal doctrine of feme covert, and how did it apply to enslaved African American women?

Question 43

What complicated the presidential election of 1824?

A) Candidates took open and aggressive positions on the Missouri Compromise.
B) Andrew Jackson decided to challenge another candidate to a duel.
C) Most states refused to let the popular vote determine the presidency.
D) Four candidates sought the support of one political party.

Question 44

What did John Quincy Adams's experience as president reveal about the direction that Republican politics had taken since 1800?

Question 45

By proposing federally funded internal improvements, scientific research, and a national university located in Washington, D.C., President John Quincy Adams believed he was

A) picking up where Jefferson and Madison had left off.
B) saving Americans millions of dollars in other areas of government.
C) attracting Americans who voted for Andrew Jackson in 1824.
D) laying the groundwork for a resurgence of the Federalist party.

Question 46

What undermined John Quincy Adams's hopes for reelection?

A) He proved inept in matters of international diplomacy.
B) He lacked the political skills necessary for American politics.
C) His administration suffered from numerous scandals.
D) He refused to support federal intervention in economic matters.

Question 47

In 1823, President James Monroe issued what became known as the Monroe Doctrine, a statement that the Americas

A) "will ultimately come under the rule of one republic, the United States."
B) "are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European power."
C) "have no interests in Europe that supersede the Western Hemisphere's domestic tranquility."
D) "are destined to become one economic unit with laws and procedures by which Europe must abide."

Question 48

How did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 pass in the House of Representatives?

A) After intense political debate, Henry Clay cast the deciding vote that pushed it through.
B) Twenty southern congressmen tipped the balance in favor of the bill.
C) Seventeen northern congressmen voted with their southern colleagues to preserve sectional harmony.
D) Wisconsin was admitted to the union as a free state in order to preserve sectional balance.

Question 49

Which territory did the United States obtain from Spain in the Adams-Onís Treaty?

A) Louisiana
B) Minnesota
C) Missouri
D) Florida

Question 50

Identify the main ideas and events that inspired Gabriel's Rebellion in Virginia in 1801.

Question 51

What event convinced Andrew Jackson that John Quincy Adams became president as the result of a "corrupt bargain"?

A) Clay's letters to Adams were leaked to the press.
B) A newspaper revealed that Adams had paid off Clay.
C) Adams only appointed his own supporters to cabinet positions.
D) Adams made Clay his secretary of state.

Question 52

Why did the United States declare war on Great Britain in 1812 despite considerable opposition to the war?

Question 53

How did Henry Clay come to find himself in such an influential position regarding the outcome of the presidential election of 1824? Why did he support John Quincy Adams?

Question 54

Who served as unofficial campaign managers for the five candidates running for the presidency in 1824?

A) Nominees from the party caucuses
B) The candidates' wives
C) Favored lawyers
D) Members of Congress

Question 55

Explain how President Thomas Jefferson sought to apply the principle of republican simplicity during his first administration.

Question 56

What circumstances and events led to the issuance of the Monroe Doctrine?

Question 57

What did the social environment created by Madison's White House reveal about the role of women and domestic life in early American politics?

Question 58

The land west of the Mississippi underwent complex changes at the end of the Seven Years' War. Discuss how these changes led to the Louisiana Purchase.

Question 59

What was Henry Clay's "American System"?

A) A package of protective tariffs to promote manufacturing and federal expenditures for internal improvements
B) A program that revised the steps by which aliens might become naturalized U.S. citizens
C) A system of trade agreements with European nations stipulating that imports and exports must be made available in equal amounts
D) A bill in Congress stipulating that only native-born Americans could occupy important government posts

Question 60

Why were James Tallmadge Jr.'s amendments to the Missouri statehood bill of 1819 controversial?

A) They reduced Missouri's representation in the House.
B) They would have made Missouri a free state.
C) They would have made Missouri a slave state.
D) They would have established Missouri as a separate republic.

Question 61

Match the term with the definition.
Legal doctrine grounded in British common law that held that a wife's civic life was subsumed by her husband's. Married women lacked independence to own property, make contracts, or keep wages earned. The doctrine shaped women's status in the early republic.

A)battle of New Orleans
B)battle of Tippecanoe
C)Creek War
D)Embargo Act of 1807
E)feme covert
F)Harford Convention
G)impressment
H)Lewis and Clark expedition
I)Louisiana Purchase
J)Marbury v. Madison
K)Missouri Compromise
L)War Hawks

Question 62

Match the term with the definition.
1803 purchase of French territory west of the Mississippi River that stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada. The purchase nearly doubled the size of the United States and opened the way for future American expansion west.

A)battle of New Orleans
B)battle of Tippecanoe
C)Creek War
D)Embargo Act of 1807
E)feme covert
F)Harford Convention
G)impressment
H)Lewis and Clark expedition
I)Louisiana Purchase
J)Marbury v. Madison
K)Missouri Compromise
L)War Hawks

Question 63

The politics of race produced the most divisive issue during James Monroe's term. Discuss the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and how it highlighted the country's ability to compromise as well as laid the foundation for future conflict.

Question 64

Dolley Madison proved that elite women could be active in civic affairs and have a significant impact on American politics. Most key institutions in America proved fairly resistant to change, however, and there was little talk of "women's rights." Discuss women's status in the early 1800s and the areas where women were seeing increased opportunities.

Question 65

Match the term with the definition.
1803 Supreme Court case that established the concept of judicial review in finding that parts of the Judiciary Act of 1789 were in conflict with the Constitution. The Supreme Court assumed legal authority to overrule acts of other branches of the government.

A)battle of New Orleans
B)battle of Tippecanoe
C)Creek War
D)Embargo Act of 1807
E)feme covert
F)Harford Convention
G)impressment
H)Lewis and Clark expedition
I)Louisiana Purchase
J)Marbury v. Madison
K)Missouri Compromise
L)War Hawks

Question 66

Match the term with the definition.
Act of Congress that prohibited U.S. ships from traveling to foreign ports and effectively banned overseas trade in an attempt to deter Britain from halting U.S. ships at sea. The decision caused grave hardships for Americans engaged in overseas commerce.

A)battle of New Orleans
B)battle of Tippecanoe
C)Creek War
D)Embargo Act of 1807
E)feme covert
F)Harford Convention
G)impressment
H)Lewis and Clark expedition
I)Louisiana Purchase
J)Marbury v. Madison
K)Missouri Compromise
L)War Hawks

Question 67

When Congress declared war in 1812, the country was clearly divided along sectional lines. Discuss New England's reaction to the declaration of war, the basis of the sectional division, and continued dissatisfaction at the end of the war.

Question 68

The turbulent election of 1800 stoked fears that party divisions would ruin the country. Discuss the outcome of the election and Jefferson's peaceful "revolution of 1800." Discuss some of the early challenges to his presidency that tested his resolve to keep the government small.

Question 69

Match the term with the definition.
Part of the War of 1812 involving Indians in Mississippi Territory and Tennessee militiamen. General Andrew Jackson's forces claimed victory at the battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814, forcing the tribe to sign away much of their land.

A)battle of New Orleans
B)battle of Tippecanoe
C)Creek War
D)Embargo Act of 1807
E)feme covert
F)Harford Convention
G)impressment
H)Lewis and Clark expedition
I)Louisiana Purchase
J)Marbury v. Madison
K)Missouri Compromise
L)War Hawks

Question 70

A trend toward democratization gripped the states between 1800 and 1830, spurring much debate about citizenship and suffrage and the question of who constitutes "the people" in a government founded on popular sovereignty. What were the outcomes of this debate for white men? What about for white women? What explains the differences?

Question 71

Match the term with the definition.
Young men newly elected to the Congress of 1811 who were eager for war against Britain in order to end impressments, fight Indians, and expand into neighboring British territory. Leaders included Henry Clay of Kentucky and John C. Calhoun of South Carolina.

A)battle of New Orleans
B)battle of Tippecanoe
C)Creek War
D)Embargo Act of 1807
E)feme covert
F)Harford Convention
G)impressment
H)Lewis and Clark expedition
I)Louisiana Purchase
J)Marbury v. Madison
K)Missouri Compromise
L)War Hawks

Question 72

Match the term with the definition.
An attack on Shawnee Indians at Prophetstown 1811 by American forces headed by William Henry Harrison, Indiana's territorial governor. The Prophet Tenskwatawa fled with his followers. Tecumseh, his brother, deepened his resolve to make war on the United States.

A)battle of New Orleans
B)battle of Tippecanoe
C)Creek War
D)Embargo Act of 1807
E)feme covert
F)Harford Convention
G)impressment
H)Lewis and Clark expedition
I)Louisiana Purchase
J)Marbury v. Madison
K)Missouri Compromise
L)War Hawks

Question 73

Match the term with the definition.
The final battle in the War of 1812, fought and won by General Andrew Jackson and his militiamen against the much larger British army in Louisiana. The celebrated battle made no difference since the peace had already been negotiated.

A)battle of New Orleans
B)battle of Tippecanoe
C)Creek War
D)Embargo Act of 1807
E)feme covert
F)Harford Convention
G)impressment
H)Lewis and Clark expedition
I)Louisiana Purchase
J)Marbury v. Madison
K)Missouri Compromise
L)War Hawks

Question 74

Match the term with the definition.
A secret meeting of New England Federalist politicians held in late 1814 to discuss constitutional changes to reduce the South's political power and thus help block policies that injured northern commercial interests.

A)battle of New Orleans
B)battle of Tippecanoe
C)Creek War
D)Embargo Act of 1807
E)feme covert
F)Harford Convention
G)impressment
H)Lewis and Clark expedition
I)Louisiana Purchase
J)Marbury v. Madison
K)Missouri Compromise
L)War Hawks

Question 75

Match the term with the definition.
Engineered by Henry Clay, this 1820 congressional agreement paired Missouri's entrance into the Union as a slave state with Maine as a free state and established Missouri's southern border as the permanent line dividing slave from free states.

A)battle of New Orleans
B)battle of Tippecanoe
C)Creek War
D)Embargo Act of 1807
E)feme covert
F)Harford Convention
G)impressment
H)Lewis and Clark expedition
I)Louisiana Purchase
J)Marbury v. Madison
K)Missouri Compromise
L)War Hawks

Question 76

Match the term with the definition.
A British naval practice of seizing sailors on American ships under the claim they were deserters from the British navy. Some 2,500 British and American men were taken by force into service, a grievance that helped propel the United States to declare war on Britain.

A)battle of New Orleans
B)battle of Tippecanoe
C)Creek War
D)Embargo Act of 1807
E)feme covert
F)Harford Convention
G)impressment
H)Lewis and Clark expedition
I)Louisiana Purchase
J)Marbury v. Madison
K)Missouri Compromise
L)War Hawks

Question 77

Match the term with the definition.
1804-1806 exploration of the trans-Mississippi West for the U.S. government. Its mission was scientific, political, and geographical.

A)battle of New Orleans
B)battle of Tippecanoe
C)Creek War
D)Embargo Act of 1807
E)feme covert
F)Harford Convention
G)impressment
H)Lewis and Clark expedition
I)Louisiana Purchase
J)Marbury v. Madison
K)Missouri Compromise
L)War Hawks