Deck 13: Religion and Education

Question 1

Which is the single largest faith in the world?

A) Islam
B) Hinduism
C) Christianity
D) Judaism

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following attributes is true regarding Buddhism?

A) It is identical to Hinduism.
B) It emerged in India.
C) It strives for material pleasures while on earth.
D) It developed in the 1800s.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The concept of the sacred encompasses

A) the ordinary and commonplace elements of life.
B) the practices required or expected of members of a faith.
C) elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, or fear.
D) a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to profane things.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The U.S. government maintains a policy of "separation of church and state." The relationship between the church and the government in the U.S. illustrates

A) creationism.
B) fundamentalism.
C) secularization.
D) the Protestant ethic.

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding Islam?

A) Muslims vary sharply in their interpretations of traditions.
B) Islam recognizes Jesus as the son of God.
C) Islam is more individualistic in its expression than Christianity.
D) Muslim governments do not reinforce Islamic practices through laws.

Question 6

In which way does Hinduism differ from other religions?

A) It embraces a number of major and minor gods.
B) It emphasizes enlightenment through meditation.
C) It is preserved mostly through a single written text.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 7

Many cultures have shamans, or spiritual guides, who assist individuals on spiritual journeys to the "underworld" or some other non-earthly realm. These shamanic journeys would likely be considered part of

A) the sacred.
B) the profane.
C) creationism.
D) both the sacred and creationism.

Question 8

When did the religion known as Buddhism first develop?

A) the late 1800s
B) 6^th century
B)C.
C) 12^th century
D) the 1660s

Question 9

According to Émile Durkheim, religion is

A) a unified system of beliefs and practices related to profane things.
B) the feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality, such as a divine being.
C) a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to worldly things.
D) a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding Judaism?

A) For Jews, God's true nature is revealed in the Torah.
B) Judaism has a relatively large world following.
C) It does not have much in common with Christianity or Islam.
D) For Jews, paradise on earth is not possible.

Question 11

Giving meaning to the divine and defining the spiritual world are among religion's

A) latent functions.
B) manifest functions.
C) manifest dysfunctions.
D) latent dysfunctions.

Question 12

Churches that serve as training grounds for community leaders and allow members to refine their organizational skills are performing a

A) latent function.
B) manifest function.
C) manifest dysfunction.
D) latent dysfunction.

Question 13

Which sociologist was perhaps the first to recognize the critical importance of religion in human societies?

A) Émile Durkheim
B) Talcott Parsons
C) Karl Marx
D) Robert Merton

Question 14

Secularization is the

A) process through which religion's influence on other social institutions diminishes.
B) process through which religion's influence on other social institutions increases.
C) ordinary and commonplace element of life, as distinguished from the sacred.
D) element beyond everyday life that inspires awe, respect, and even fear.

Question 15

In which of the following ways are Christianity and Islam similar?

A) Both are polytheistic.
B) Both include a belief in the prophets Jesus and Mohammad.
C) Both consider God's true nature to be revealed through the Torah.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 16

The ordinary and commonplace events of life are classified as

A) sacred.
B) profane.
C) cult-like.
D) ritualistic.

Question 17

What percentage of the world's population is nonreligious?

A) 85 percent
B) 60 percent
C) 35 percent
D) 10 percent

Question 18

A table, an incense stick, and candelabra can all be considered

A) profane items.
B) sacred items.
C) neither sacred nor profane items.
D) both sacred and profane items.

Question 19

Which is the important text for followers of Islam?

A) Bible
B) Torah
C) Koran
D) Tripitaka

Question 20

Judaism is like Christianity and Islam in which of the following ways?

A) They all use the same religious text.
B) They are all monotheistic.
C) They are all polytheistic.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 21

Public opinion polls taken across 114 nations showed over 95 percent of people in the poorest countries said religion was an important part of their daily lives. What was the percentage for people living in countries with the highest per capita income?

A) 75 percent
B) 62 percent
C) 47 percent
D) 25 percent

Question 22

Which sociological perspective emphasizes the integrative power of religion in human society?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) global perspective

Question 23

Which sociologist noted that religions often drug the masses into submission by offering a consolation for their harsh lives on earth and the hope of salvation in an ideal afterlife?

A) Talcott Parsons
B) Max Weber
C) Émile Durkheim
D) Karl Marx

Question 24

Statements to which members of a particular religion adhere are known as

A) religious beliefs.
B) religious experiences.
C) religious rituals.
D) religious norms.

Question 25

Emphasis on the doctrinal conformity and literal interpretation of religious texts is known as

A) religious ritual.
B) fanaticism.
C) fundamentalism.
D) secularization.

Question 26

The stained glass ceiling refers to the

A) ability of women to fill leadership positions within religious institutions.
B) difficulty women face obtaining leadership positions within religious institutions.
C) difficulty women have in practicing their beliefs within the U.S. religious system.
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 27

Liberation theology refers to

A) the use of a church, primarily the Roman Catholic Church, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice.
B) the use of a church, primarily the Muslim temple, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice.
C) people who support a literal interpretation of the book of Genesis.
D) a religious organization that claims to include most of the members of a society.

Question 28

Which sociological perspective argues that to whatever extent religion actually does influence social behavior, it reinforces existing patterns of dominance and inequality?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) global perspective

Question 29

Max Weber

A) examined the connection between religious allegiance and capitalist development.
B) called religion the "opiate of the masses."
C) examined the influence of religion on suicide.
D) studied cult behavior in Germany.

Question 30

What term did Max Weber use to refer to a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and a rational orientation to life emphasized by John Calvin and his followers?

A) the sanctuary movement
B) the Protestant ethic
C) predestination
D) liberation theology

Question 31

Religious loyalties that contribute to tension and even conflict between groups or nations can be considered

A) manifest functions of religion.
B) latent functions of religion.
C) dysfunctions of religion.
D) interactionist approaches to religion.

Question 32

Emphasis on a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and a rational orientation to life is known as

A) the opiate of the masses.
B) liberation theology.
C) the Protestant ethic.
D) the Catholic ethic.

Question 33

Which of the following statements about liberation theology is correct?

A) It dates back to the 1973 publication of the English translation of A Theology of Liberation.
B) It has made significant inroads into eliminating social injustice in central Africa.
C) It is actively and fully endorsed by the Pope and other church leaders.
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 34

Practices required or expected of members of a faith are known as

A) religious beliefs.
B) religious experiences.
C) religious rituals.
D) religious norms.

Question 35

Members of a particular religious group think that God meant for people "to be fruitful and multiply," so they permit men to have several wives at one time. This is an example of a religious

A) belief.
B) experience.
C) value.
D) ritual.

Question 36

Most religions are patriarchal in their traditions and nature. Which of the following is NOT?

A) Islam
B) Episcopalian
C) Christian Science
D) Catholicism

Question 37

On the Jewish holiday of Passover, Jews are expected to eat matzo, or unleavened bread, during their Seder, or holiday dinner, rather than the bread they eat during the rest of the year. Eating the matzo and having a Seder are examples of religious

A) experiences.
B) rituals.
C) values.
D) beliefs.

Question 38

Which of the following would be an example of liberation theology?

A) a Catholic church in South America that leads a movement to earn equal rights for poor women
B) the role of Martin Luther King Jr. and other religious leaders in the civil rights movement in the U.S. in the 1960s
C) the leadership of Pope John Paul II among Catholic clergy adhering to traditional pastoral duties
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 39

Liberation theology was first advocated by

A) Karl Marx.
B) Friedrich Engels.
C) Émile Durkheim.
D) Gustavo Gutiérrez.

Question 40

Which sociologist published a book in 1904 in which he noted that it was no mere coincidence that an overwhelming number of business leaders, owners of capital, and skilled workers were Protestants, not Catholics?

A) Karl Marx
B) Max Weber
C) Émile Durkheim
D) Friedrich Engels

Question 41

In the last decade, the Chinese government revised their nation's history curriculum to

A) teach that the Chinese Communist Party, not the United States, played a central role in defeating Japan during World War II.
B) remove any mention of the 30 million Chinese who died under Mao Zedong's program.
C) remove any mention of China's increasing role in the modern capitalist economy.
D) teach that the Chinese Communist Party played a central role in defeating Japan during World War II while removing any mention of the 30 million Chinese who died under Mao Zedong's program.

Question 42

Bestowing status on students by awarding them a diploma after they have successfully completed all graduation requirements can be considered a

A) manifest function of education.
B) latent function of education.
C) dysfunction of education.
D) goal of the interactionist approach to education.

Question 43

A denomination is a

A) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith.
B) large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government.
C) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and that is recognized as the national or official religion.
D) relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.

Question 44

An established sect is a

A) religious group that is considered an outgrowth of a sect yet remains isolated from society.
B) religious organization that claims to include most or all the members of a society and that is recognized as the national or official religion.
C) large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government.
D) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith.

Question 45

A religious organization that is recognized as the national or official religion is known as a(n)

A) cult.
B) denomination.
C) sect.
D) ecclesia.

Question 46

What is the term used to refer to the pilgrimage by Muslims to the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia?

A) hajj
B) Sikh
C) hijab
D) Shia

Question 47

In 2009 among the following nations, which had the lowest percentage of persons who had graduated with a higher education degree?

A) Ireland
B) Great Britain
C) Turkey
D) Mexico

Question 48

Which of the following is the largest single denomination in the United States?

A) Roman Catholic
B) Protestant
C) Judaism
D) Muslim

Question 49

Teaching students to be on time, to respect authority, and to follow directions can be considered a

A) manifest function of education.
B) latent function of education.
C) dysfunction of education.
D) goal of the interactionist approach to education.

Question 50

Facing east toward Mecca while saying one's morning prayers is a characteristic of the Muslim religion. This behavior is an example of a religious

A) ritual.
B) experience.
C) belief.
D) totem.

Question 51

A new religious movement (NRM) or cult is

A) generally a small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith.
B) a large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government.
C) a concept, developed by J. Milton Yinger, for a religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect, yet remains isolated from society.
D) a relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.

Question 52

Teaching students about the physical and political geography of their state, their country, and the world is a(n)

A) manifest function of education.
B) latent function of education.
C) dysfunction of education.
D) example of the correspondence principle.

Question 53

The feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality, such as a divine being, or of being overcome with religious emotion is called a religious

A) ritual.
B) experience.
C) belief.
D) custom.

Question 54

Teaching students to read and write, to calculate numbers, and to master the facts of their society's history are all examples of

A) latent functions of education.
B) manifest functions of education.
C) manifest dysfunctions of education.
D) latent dysfunctions of education.

Question 55

In 2009 among the following nations, which had the highest percentage of persons who had graduated with a higher education degree?

A) Poland
B) Great Britain
C) Japan
D) Germany

Question 56

Which of the following is an example of an established sect?

A) Catholicism
B) Conservative Judaism
C) the Hutterites
D) both Catholicism and Conservative Judaism

Question 57

A sect is a

A) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith.
B) large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government.
C) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion.
D) relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.

Question 58

The feeling of exaltation that a person has when hearing a choir sing is characterized as a religious

A) value.
B) belief.
C) experience.
D) ritual.

Question 59

The great majority of Muslims in the United States are ________ Muslims.

A) Sunni
B) Shia
C) Black
D) Shiite

Question 60

Which of the following is an example of a denomination in the United States?

A) an Amish church
B) the Episcopalian religion
C) a storefront church in an inner-city community
D) Jehovah's Witnesses

Question 61

A particular college requires students to live on campus during their first two years to help foster a sense of community among diverse groups. This

A) is illegal in most states.
B) serves a latent function of education.
C) serves a manifest function of education.
D) is an attempt to re-socialize improper behavior.

Question 62

Students in Japan are offered guidance sessions to improve the classroom experience and instill values useful in the Japanese business world. These sessions are an example of the

A) hidden curriculum.
B) correspondence principle.
C) teacher-expectancy effect.
D) Protestant ethic.

Question 63

In the past, the integrative function of education in the United States was most obvious in its emphasis on

A) teaching diversity in the classroom.
B) promotion of a common language.
C) teaching strict discipline.
D) teaching students that they share a common history.

Question 64

Which sociological perspective views education as an instrument of elite domination?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) global perspective

Question 65

In the United States, schoolchildren are taught not to speak until the teacher calls on them and to regulate their activities according to clocks or bells. This learning experience illustrates

A) credentialism.
B) the correspondence principle.
C) the hidden curriculum.
D) the teacher-expectancy effect.

Question 66

Which of the following illustrates a current trend in higher education?

A) White participation in higher education fell from 44 percent to 28 percent between 1978 and 2008.
B) More women than men are participating in higher education.
C) Equal gains are being made by Latino and African American groups in educational attainment.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 67

In schools in the United States, bilingual education has been defended on the grounds that it

A) is a means to encourage cultural diversity.
B) assists in the cultural integration of immigrant groups.
C) assists in the political integration of immigrant groups.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 68

Which famous sociologist concluded, as far back as 1916, that the "universal clamor for the creation of educational certificates in all fields makes for the formation of a privileged stratum in businesses and in offices?"

A) Émile Durkheim
B) Georg Simmel
C) Vilfredo Pareto
D) Max Weber

Question 69

Critics of the hidden curriculum are concerned that

A) it may lead to a type of interpretive behavior.
B) discipline takes precedence over the learning process.
C) it places too much emphasis on creative thought.
D) it may lead to a type of interpretive behavior, and also, discipline takes precedence over the learning process.

Question 70

Which sociological perspective emphasizes the integrative power of education in human society?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) global perspective

Question 71

According to ________, credentialism can increase the status of an occupation and is crucial to employees in their demands for higher pay.

A)
B) Max Weber
C) J. Hurn
C) Robert Rosenthal
D) Karl Marx

Question 72

Which sociologist pointed out that better-educated people tend to have greater access to factual information?

A) Max Weber
B) Arlie Hochschild
C) Robin Williams
D) Robert Merton

Question 73

An increase in the lowest level of education required to enter a field is referred to as

A) the hidden curriculum.
B) escalation.
C) credentialism.
D) the worker-expectancy effect.

Question 74

Critics of bilingualism in schools in the United States argue that

A) these bilingual programs cost too much.
B) earlier groups of immigrants learned English without these programs.
C) bilingualism undermines the social and political integration that education has traditionally promoted.
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 75

Teachers and guidance counselors may encourage male students to pursue careers in the sciences, but they steer equally talented female students into careers as early childhood teachers. Such socialization into traditional gender roles is considered a form of

A) social integration.
B) political integration.
C) social control.
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 76

Which sociological perspective emphasizes how the common identity and social integration fostered by education contributes to overall societal stability and consensus?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) global perspective

Question 77

Numerous sociological studies have revealed that additional years of formal schooling are associated with which of the following?

A) openness to new ideas
B) more conservative social viewpoints
C) lower average incomes
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 78

Which of the following is stressed by formal education?

A) the liberal use of broad generalizations
B) the importance of qualifying statements
C) the acceptance of established truths
D) the acceptance of established practices

Question 79

The hidden curriculum refers to

A) the standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools.
B) the practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria.
C) the teaching of art, music, industrial arts, acting, and other nonessential courses in high schools.
D) the lesson plans that instructors prepare and that students and parents never see.

Question 80

Which sociological perspective portrays contemporary education as basically benign-for example, it argues that schools rationally sort and select students for future high-status positions, thereby meeting society's need for talented and expert personnel?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) labeling theory