Deck 12: The Family and Human Sexuality

Question 1

Under which marital form can a woman have several husbands at the same time?

A) monogamy
B) polygamy
C) polygyny
D) polyandry

Answer 1

D

Question 2

When a person has several spouses in a lifetime, but only one spouse at a time, it is called

A) polygamy.
B) polygyny.
C) serial monogamy.
D) serial polygamy.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The Oneida community existed in New York State from 1840 to 1880, and its members were all married to one another-that is, all the men in the community were married to all the women, and all the women were married to all the men. This is an example of

A) serial monogamy.
B) polygamy.
C) matrilineal descent.
D) egalitarianism.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Anthropologist George Murdock sampled 565 societies and found that

A) over 90 percent of them were strictly monogamous.
B) over 80 percent of them preferred polygamy to monogamy.
C) over 30 percent of them had no formal procedures for obtaining a divorce.
D) over 75 percent of them had some type of polyandry.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of monogamy?

A) Ted and Tonya have been married to each other for 3 months.
B) Tori, Tito, and Tabitha have been living with each other for 14 years.
C) Troy and his sister Tracy live together in an apartment.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following terms refers to the marriage of a man to more than one woman at the same time?

A) monogamy
B) plurality
C) polygyny
D) polyandry

Question 7

Patrilineal descent refers to a

A) kinship system in which both sides of a person's family are regarded as equally important.
B) kinship system that favors the relatives of the father.
C) pattern of residence in which a married couple lives with the husband's parents.
D) society in which men are expected to dominate family decision making.

Question 8

Which of the following is considered an extended family?

A) a college sorority
B) the Arapesh tribe of New Guinea
C) Beverly, her husband Bob, and their two children, Barry and Bonnie
D) a married couple, their children, and the husband's sister all living together in the same home

Question 9

Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that polyandrous cultures devalue the social worth of women?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) ethnocentric perspective

Question 10

Tibetan women may have more than one husband simultaneously, which allows for

A) sons to share the limited amount of good land.
B) greater diversity in child reproduction.
C) enforcement of the social norm prohibiting infidelity among wives.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 11

Monogamy refers to a form of marriage in which

A) one woman and one man are married only to each other.
B) a woman may have several husbands at the same time.
C) a man may have several wives at the same time.
D) two men or two women are married only to each other.

Question 12

Steve and Mary are married and then get a divorce. Steve then marries Rachel, and they get a divorce, too. Steve remarries Mary and lives with her until she dies. After Mary's death, Steve marries Beth and lives with her until his death. These relationships of Steve's life are an example of

A) polygamy.
B) polygyny.
C) serial monogamy.
D) polyandry.

Question 13

A married couple, their children, and other relatives-such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles-living together in the same household constitute a(n)

A) nuclear family.
B) extended family.
C) matrilocal family.
D) patrilocal family.

Question 14

A married couple and their unmarried children living together constitute a(n)

A) nuclear family.
B) extended family.
C) matrilocal family.
D) patrilocal family.

Question 15

Which of the following does your textbook define as a family?

A) a set of people related by blood, marriage (or some other agreed-upon relationship), or adoption who share the responsibility for reproducing and caring for members of society
B) a married couple and their unmarried children living together
C) two unrelated adults who have chosen to share each other's lives in a relationship of mutual caring
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 16

What is the general term for a marriage in which an individual can have several husbands or wives at the same time?

A) monogamy
B) polygamy
C) polygyny
D) polyandry

Question 17

What is the difference between a family and a kin group?

A) The family is a household unit, and kin do not always live together.
B) Kin is a household unit, but a family does not always live together.
C) Family units include aunts and uncles, but a kin group does not.
D) Kin groups and families are identical.

Question 18

In some societies, a man will marry a woman and her sisters. This is an example of

A) monogamy.
B) polygyny.
C) polyandry.
D) group marriage.

Question 19

Which pattern of descent is most typical in the U.S.?

A) matrilineal
B) patrilineal
C) bilateral
D) bilineal

Question 20

A man and his wife and their biological children live on a pretty piece of land in Woodstock, Vermont. They are an example of a(n)

A) extended family.
B) nuclear family.
C) clan.
D) polygynous family.

Question 21

Friedrich Engels, a colleague of Karl Marx, noted that

A) the family is the ultimate source of social inequality.
B) there are six paramount functions of the family.
C) 80 percent of the 565 societies he studied had some type of polygamy.
D) there are six stations of divorce, but the most important is the economic station.

Question 22

Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that family decision making reflects the inequality of traditional gender stratification, in which men have held a dominant position over women?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) labeling perspective

Question 23

Which sociological perspective would suggest that social change has influenced the family, in that many traditional family activities, such as education, have been assumed by other social institutions?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) anomie perspective

Question 24

The restriction of mate selection to people within the same group is known as

A) exogamy.
B) hypergamy.
C) endogamy.
D) homogamy.

Question 25

Which sociological perspective would argue that the U.S. family contributes to social injustice and denies women opportunities that are commonly extended to men?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) global perspective

Question 26

Which sociological perspective would contend that social scientists need to rethink the notion that families without an adult male present are automatically a cause for concern?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) feminist perspective

Question 27

Which sociological perspective notes the ways in which the family gratifies the needs of its members and contributes to the stability of society?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) feminist perspective

Question 28

In 1981, 16 percent of wives earned more than their husbands. What was the percentage as of 2005?

A) 20 percent
B) 22 percent
C) 24 percent
D) 26 percent

Question 29

William

A) single-parent, mother-headed families are the fastest growing segment of the poor in the United States.
B) 64 percent of all societies have matrilineal or patrilineal descent systems.
C) the family provides socializing, reproductive, and protective functions for its members.
D) domestic partnerships are more often heterosexual than homosexual.
F) Ogburn noted that

Question 30

A kinship system that favors the relatives of the mother is based on

A) bilineal descent.
B) matrilineal descent.
C) trilineal descent.
D) patrilineal descent.

Question 31

A matriarchy is a society in which

A) women hold greater authority than men.
B) women hold no authority at all.
C) men hold greater authority than women.
D) women and men hold equal amounts of authority.

Question 32

In some hunting-and-gathering societies, men are away from home for long periods of time. As a result, it is not unusual to find that the women are fully responsible for the household and for making most of the major family decisions. In these societies, which pattern of authority is evident?

A) egalitarian
B) matriarchal
C) matrilineal
D) matricentric

Question 33

Sarna, an Orthodox Jew, marries Nathan, a Reform Jew. Sarna is disowned by her parents because, as far as they are concerned, she has married outside their religion. She has violated the rule of

A) hypergamy.
B) endogamy.
C) homogamy.
D) exogamy.

Question 34

Males are expected to dominate family decision making in a(n)

A) matriarchy.
B) patriarchy.
C) neolocal society.
D) egalitarian society.

Question 35

The requirement that individuals select mates from outside certain groups is known as

A) exogamy.
B) hypergamy.
C) endogamy.
D) homogamy.

Question 36

In which type of authority pattern are the adult members of the family regarded as equals?

A) neolocal
B) bilateral
C) egalitarian
D) homogamous

Question 37

Which sociological perspective(s) would most likely focus attention on the personal relationships between stepparents and their stepchildren and the family dynamics involved in such relationships?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict and feminist perspectives
C) interactionist perspective
D) global perspective

Question 38

Which of the following is most accurate of Internet dating presently in the United States?

A) The Internet is third behind friends and family as a source for romantic partners.
B) The Internet is second only to friends as a source for romantic partners.
C) The Internet is the first source for romantic partners.
D) Internet dating is dangerous.

Question 39

In which type of society do women hold greater authority than men?

A) a matriarchy
B) a patrilineal society
C) a neolocal society
D) an egalitarian society

Question 40

Feminists suggest that laws in the U.S. traditionally viewed wives and children as the property of the husband. This view reflects the concerns of which sociological perspective?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) global perspective

Question 41

Which of the following percentages reflects the proportion of married women in the U.S. who were in the labor force in 2010?

A) 96 percent
B) 69 percent
C) 56 percent
D) 29 percent

Question 42

The term familism refers to pride in the

A) nuclear family, expressed through the maintenance of a strong system of rituals and permanence.
B) extended family, expressed through the maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk.
C) single-parent family, expressed through the maintenance of close bonds and attention to the needs of group members.
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 43

Which of the following statements concerning stepfamilies is true?

A) Children raised by stepmothers are likely to have less health care, education, and money spent on their food than children raised by biological mothers.
B) The well-being of children in stepfamilies is better, on average, than that of children in single-parent households.
C) Children would be better off living with a couple in conflict than going through divorce and living with a new stepparent.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 44

Which of the following is an example of machismo?

A) Mary drives a pickup truck.
B) José, a Mexican American, drives a flashy sports car, works out in a gym, and believes that he can "get any woman that he wants."
C) Reggie, an African American, is the captain of his college football team.
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 45

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to point out that policymakers have both a humanitarian and a financial stake in promoting adoption?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) global perspective

Question 46

About what percentage of divorcees in the U.S. have remarried?

A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 63 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 47

Approximately what percentage of couples in the U.S. will marry, divorce, and remarry over the course of a lifetime?

A) 20 percent
B) 35 percent
C) 45 percent
D) 60 percent

Question 48

Women most often play a significant role in the economic support of the family when the family

A) is among the poor.
B) has no children.
C) is affluent.
D) is part of an industrialized society.

Question 49

The feminization of poverty refers to the disproportionate representation of

A) women in the workforce.
B) female-headed households among the poor.
C) male-headed households among the poor.
D) females in professional-level jobs.

Question 50

The incest taboo is an example of

A) exogamy.
B) homogamy.
C) endogamy.
D) heterogamy.

Question 51

Sociologist Alice Rossi suggests that

A) there is a lot of anticipatory socialization for the role of parent.
B) the transition to parenthood is very abrupt.
C) industrialized societies typically offer clear-cut and helpful guidelines concerning successful parenting.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 52

The process that allows for the transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents is referred to as

A) functions of the family.
B) fostering.
C) adoption.
D) cohabitation.

Question 53

In the U.S., endogamous rules stressed by many groups include marriage within

A) one's own racial, ethnic, and religious group.
B) one's own family group.
C) one's own sexual group.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 54

After his divorce from Wanda, Willy has custody of his two young children. Fortunately, his job allows him to work from home on his computer, and he is able to earn a living to support his family and to spend as much time as necessary supervising and caring for his children. This is an example of a(n)

A) nuclear family.
B) extended family.
C) single-parent family.
D) coparental family.

Question 55

Although Maria and Juan, a young Mexican American couple, have formed a nuclear family, they enjoy their relationships with parents and relatives and interact with them on a daily basis. This is an example of

A) machismo.
B) familism.
C) a domestic partnership.
D) homogamy.

Question 56

As Mexican Americans and other groups assimilate into the dominant culture of the U.S., their family lives

A) typically lose most of their distinctive ethnic characteristics.
B) take on the positive aspects associated with White households.
C) take on the negative aspects associated with White households.
D) take on both the positive and negative aspects associated with White households.

Question 57

The term incest taboo refers to

A) the prohibition of sexual relationships between certain culturally specified relatives.
B) the prohibition of marriage between close relatives and neighbors.
C) the requirement, in some cultures, of having one's sexual initiation occur within the safe confines of a family relationship.
D) not having sex with neighbors or business associates.

Question 58

A teenage couple produces a baby, and they agree that they are too young to raise it on their own. The girl's aunt and uncle cannot produce a child of their own, and they all agree that it would be a good idea if they take legal custody of the baby. This is an example of

A) cohabitation.
B) adoption.
C) heterogamy.
D) endogamy.

Question 59

In most states in the U.S., an individual is not permitted to marry a parent, a sibling, an aunt or an uncle, a grandparent, or a first or second cousin. These rules reflect our societal emphasis on

A) the incest taboo.
B) endogamy.
C) exogamy.
D) both the incest taboo and exogamy.

Question 60

Machismo refers to

A) bonding between members of a Hispanic street gang.
B) a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's maleness.
C) the "brotherhood" that exists between members of an Italian crime syndicate.
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 61

Two examples of endogamy are the incest taboo and former laws that prohibited the marriage of Blacks and Whites in some parts of the U.S.

Question 62

The Supreme Court of which state ruled in a 4-3 decision in 2003 that gay couples have the right to marry?

A) California
B) Oregon
C) Illinois
D) Massachusetts

Question 63

More than half of those who divorce will never remarry.

Question 64

Which of the following statements about childlessness in the U.S. is correct?

A) There has been a modest increase in childlessness.
B) Childlessness has decreased dramatically.
C) Childlessness is directly correlated to views on abstinence.
D) There has been a modest decrease in childlessness.

Question 65

More than 95 percent of all men and women in the U.S. marry at least once during their lifetimes.

Question 66

The state supreme court in Massachusetts has ruled that gay couples have the right to marry in that state.

Question 67

What is likely the most important factor in the increase in divorce over the past hundred years?

A) more liberal laws
B) increased stigma of divorce
C) economic opportunities for men
D) increase in the social acceptance of divorce

Question 68

Donna, a 33-year-old divorcee with two sons, and Mark, a 50-year-old divorcee with two daughters, become engaged and live together. Although they are strongly committed to one another, they eventually decide not to get married. This is an example of

A) cohabitation.
B) an extended family.
C) heterogamy.
D) both cohabitation and an extended family.

Question 69

More and more people in the U.S. are postponing entry into their first marriage.

Question 70

The term we use for the "like marries like" rule is homogamy.

Question 71

Polygyny is a social system in which women may have several husbands and in which women are more powerful than men.

Question 72

The lifestyles of lesbians and gay men are not varied.

Question 73

There are at least five countries in Africa where 20 percent of the men are in polygamous marriages.

Question 74

Polygamy, polygyny, and polyandry are all forms of serial monogamy.

Question 75

Polyandry, a system in which women may have several husbands, is an example-albeit a rare one-of a social order in which women are more powerful than men.

Question 76

Which sociological perspective views marriage as a social institution closely tied to human reproduction?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) feminist perspective

Question 77

According to sociologist Alice Rossi, our society lacks clear and helpful guidelines concerning successful parenthood.

Question 78

Which sociological perspective suggests that denial of the right to marry reinforces the second-class status of gays and lesbians?

A) functionalist perspective
B) conflict perspective
C) interactionist perspective
D) labeling theory

Question 79

According to data from the Census Bureau, there has been a modest decrease in the number of childless married couples in the U.S.

Question 80

Until the late 1960s, some states in the U.S. outlawed marriages involving interracial couples.