Deck 8: Energy Balance

Question 1

The substances that serve as chemical messengers to help regulate and control enzyme activity are:

A) keto acids.
B) minerals.
C) vitamins.
D) hormones.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The function of initiating and controlling the rate of chemical reactions is performed by:

A) enzymes and coenzymes.
B) vitamins and minerals.
C) amino acids.
D) fatty acids.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The term that describes the amount of energy needed by the body for maintenance of life while at rest is:

A) basal metabolism.
B) respiratory quotient.
C) nitrogen balance.
D) homeostasis.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The caloric values found in food composition tables have been determined by:

A) direct calorimetry.
B) indirect calorimetry.
C) laboratory observation.
D) controlled reaction rates.

Question 5

When energy intake continually exceeds energy expenditure, the result is:

A) diabetes.
B) anorexia.
C) malnutrition.
D) obesity.

Question 6

Metabolically active tissues in the body include the heart, brain, and:

A) skin.
B) esophagus.
C) spleen.
D) kidney.

Question 7

If a person is expending 1.0 kcal/min, he or she is probably:

A) lying down.
B) walking.
C) swimming.
D) running.

Question 8

Doctors may determine whether cell metabolism is occurring at normal rates by measuring:

A) body weight.
B) waist-to-hip ratio.
C) serum iron levels.
D) thyroid function.

Question 9

A person's total energy requirements are determined by adding the BMR, the amount of daily activity, and the:

A) amount of daily food intake.
B) amount of sleep required.
C) thermic effect of food.
D) degree of overweight.

Question 10

The term that describes the effect of food intake on metabolic rate is:

A) thermic effect of food.
B) metabolic rate of food.
C) catabolism.
D) thermogenesis.

Question 11

Of the following, the factor that is most significant in determining a person's basal metabolic rate (BMR) is:

A) age.
B) sex.
C) amount of lean body mass.
D) amount of body fat.

Question 12

A factor that contributes to women having lower basal metabolism requirements than men is:

A) menstruation.
B) body surface area.
C) gender-specific hormones.
D) their smaller proportion of muscle mass to fat.

Question 13

The hormone that controls the metabolic rate of the body is:

A) insulin.
B) thyroxin.
C) epinephrine.
D) cortisone.

Question 14

An example of use of electrical energy in the body is:

A) growth of new tissues.
B) regulation of body temperature.
C) transmission of nerve impulses.
D) contraction of muscles.

Question 15

The chemical compound that provides energy for body functions in the cell is:

A) glucose.
B) triglyceride.
C) adenosine triphosphate.
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Question 16

BMR:

A) increases in pregnancy but not in lactation.
B) increases in lactation but not in pregnancy.
C) increases in pregnancy and lactation.
D) decreases in pregnancy and lactation.

Question 17

The unit of measurement used by nutritionists to describe the energy content of food is the:

A) kilocalorie (kcalorie or kcal).
B) kilogram.
C) ounce.
D) milligram.

Question 18

The thermic effect of food (TEF) refers to the fact that:

A) some foods take longer to digest than others.
B) certain foods stimulate the GI tract more than others.
C) the presence of food in the stomach starts the process of digestion.
D) digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food require energy.

Question 19

After digestion and absorption, food provides an available source of energy to tissues if it is converted into:

A) amino acids.
B) enzymes.
C) glucose.
D) glycogen.

Question 20

Factors that increase BMR include:

A) fever.
B) starvation.
C) aging.
D) muscle wasting.

Question 21

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is often measured instead of BMR because:

A) RMR is more accurate.
B) BMR has too many variables.
C) BMR is only a theoretical concept.
D) RMR is easier to measure.

Question 22

Men generally require more energy for any given activity than women because:

A) they are taller.
B) their metabolism is less efficient.
C) they weigh more.
D) they have less body fat.

Question 23

Measurement of body fat and lean body mass using hydrostatic weighing is based on the fact that body fat and lean tissue have different:

A) densities.
B) electrical conductivities.
C) metabolic activities.
D) protein contents.

Question 24

The most important factor in determining whether a person is fat or lean is the person's:

A) weight.
B) body mass index.
C) body composition.
D) gender.

Question 25

In healthy adult men, the percentage of total body weight accounted for by fat is:

A) 8% to 13%.
B) 13% to 21%.
C) 23% to 31%.
D) 36% to 40%.

Question 26

The percentage of body weight that consists of water in a person of normal body weight is approximately:

A) 5% to 20%.
B) 20% to 35%.
C) 35% to 50%.
D) 50% to 65%.

Question 27

Someone may be considered overweight but not overfat if he or she has a high level of:

A) thyroid-stimulating hormone.
B) muscle tissue.
C) adipose tissue.
D) dietary control.

Question 28

An eating disorder that is a form of self-induced starvation is:

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) binge-eating disorder.
D) chronic dieting.

Question 29

Severe obesity is indicated if BMI is greater than:

A) 25 kg/m²
B) 30 kg/m²
C) 35 kg/m²
D) 40 kg/m²

Question 30

The minimum percentage of body fat that supports reproduction in women is:

A) 3%.
B) 12%.
C) 20%.
D) 29%.

Question 31

A health problem that has been linked to obesity is:

A) migraines.
B) hypertension.
C) hepatitis.
D) anemia.

Question 32

An eating disorder characterized by gorging food and then inducing vomiting is called:

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) binge-eating disorder.
D) chronic dieting.

Question 33

Factors that may contribute to weight gain include:

A) osteoporosis.
B) sleep deprivation.
C) cachexia.
D) high blood pressure.

Question 34

Abdominal fat is also known as:

A) adipose fat.
B) gynoid fat.
C) visceral fat.
D) essential fat.

Question 35

The main focus of weight management efforts should be:

A) development of healthy lifestyle habits.
B) decreasing energy intake.
C) increasing energy expenditure.
D) behavior modification therapy.

Question 36

To calculate a person's body mass index (BMI), the measurements that are needed are:

A) height and weight.
B) age and weight.
C) activity level and height.
D) gender and activity level.

Question 37

Someone with a BMI of 17 would be considered to be:

A) underweight.
B) normal weight.
C) overweight.
D) obese.

Question 38

A high waist-to-hip ratio is associated with:

A) android (apple) shape.
B) gynoid (pear) shape.
C) ectomorphic body type.
D) endomorphic body type.

Question 39

The amount of total energy expenditure represented by the TEF is about:

A) 5%.
B) 10%.
C) 15%.
D) 20%.

Question 40

Bone mineral density is greatest among:

A) African Americans.
B) Native Americans.
C) Caucasians.
D) Hispanics.

Question 41

Severe infection or fever may cause weight loss because:

A) they cause malabsorption.
B) energy requirements increase.
C) food cannot be properly digested.
D) they cause hormone imbalances.

Question 42

The weight loss in patients with heart disease or cancer is called:

A) cachexia.
B) anorexia.
C) starvation.
D) malnutrition.

Question 43

An important type of metabolic chemical that is not used up in the reactions it causes is:

A) hormones.
B) enzymes.
C) coenzymes.
D) neurotransmitters.

Question 44

Someone who is trying to gain weight should eat:

A) only when hungry.
B) commercial liquid nutritional supplements.
C) three large meals each day.
D) several small meals each day.

Question 45

Parents can help decrease the likelihood that their children will develop eating disorders by:

A) limiting intake of snacks between meals.
B) ensuring that their school teaches good nutrition.
C) engaging in regular exercise with them.
D) avoiding prejudice against overweight people.

Question 46

A person who is at high risk for underweight is:

A) a busy college student.
B) an older adult who lives alone.
C) a shift worker.
D) a mother with two young children.