Deck 14: Religion

Question 1

Which of these is a social phenomenon that consists of beliefs about the sacred; practices or rituals; and the community that shares similar beliefs and practices?

A)education
B)church
C)religion
D)faith

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of these is an example of a rite of passage?

A)taking your driver's license examination
B)going to synagogue
C)getting married
D)visiting a friend's religious group

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Each year,the Lopez family spends time visiting national historical monuments in Virginia and Washington,D.C.This ritual is part of which of these?

A)family religion
B)state religion
C)civil religion
D)ecclesiastic religion

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Most religions have a story about how and why the world was created.What is this called?

A)an origin story
B)a cosmology
C)a cosmogony
D)a theology

Question 5

Marriage and graduating from high school are examples of which of these?

A)rituals
B)rites of passage
C)beliefs
D)civil religion

Question 6

Amitra is participating in a religious ceremony that takes part over two days.These two days away from ordinary reality mark which of these?

A)a ritual
B)a transition
C)a liminal period
D)a rite of passage

Question 7

Vaughn is doing social research.He notes that different types of religious groups seem to produce different types of personalities.His research is most closely in line with which social theorist?

A)Max Weber
B)Karl Marx
C)Émile Durkheim
D)Georg Simmel

Question 8

The declining significance of religion is known as which of these?

A)atheism
B)agnosticism
C)secularization
D)religiosity

Question 9

Jamal's religious services have at least 2,000 people attending each week.Which of these does Jamal likely attend?

A)a sect
B)a megachurch
C)a church
D)a cult

Question 10

Sects and churches can be said to be which of these?

A)religious organizations from two different religions
B)religious organizations from two different global regions
C)two poles on a continuum of religious organization
D)two poles on a continuum of religious belief systems

Question 11

What is the term for the beliefs,experiences,and rituals that provide a sense of collective national identity?

A)patriotic religion
B)state religion
C)capitalist religion
D)civil religion

Question 12

Émile Durkheim argued that all human experience could be divided into two categories,the ______ and the ______.

A)ordinary; extraordinary
B)sacred; profane
C)plain; special
D)mechanical; organic

Question 13

Émile Durkheim contended that religion is the basis of which of these?

A)ritual
B)organic solidarity
C)collective conscience
D)the profane

Question 14

According to the chapter text,one of the most difficult things for any religion is which of these?

A)to explain why we are here.
B)to explain why other religions exist.
C)to explain suffering.
D)to explain the signs of a higher power without scientific evidence.

Question 15

Which of these accurately demonstrates the negative relationship between wealth and religiosity,according to the chapter text?

A)People living in richer nations are more religious than those in poorer nations.
B)People living in poorer nations are more religious than those in richer nations.
C)People in the poor neighborhoods of rich countries are more religious than richer areas in the same countries.
D)More churches exist in poorer countries.

Question 16

Which of these is an idea that explains the world and identifies what should be sacred?

A)belief
B)ritual
C)attitude
D)religion

Question 17

According to the chapter text,in which region do countries report the highest importance of religion?

A)countries in parts of Asia,the Middle East,and sub-Saharan Africa
B)countries in Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean
C)countries in Western Europe and North America
D)countries in Central America and South America

Question 18

Religious institutions with pluralistic worldviews tend to be more ______,whereas those with more homogeneous populations tend to be more ______.

A)decentralized; centralized
B)liberal; conservative
C)sect-like; church-like
D)strict; lenient

Question 19

In which of these ways is the U.S.an exception when it comes to religion?

A)More of the U.S.population rates religion as important than wealthy countries.
B)More of the U.S.population rates religion as important than other countries with similar levels of Christianity.
C)Less of the U.S.population rates religion as important than other wealthy countries.
D)Less of the U.S population rates religion as important than other countries with similar levels of Christianity.

Question 20

Who believed that religion brings pleasure or consolation to believers who think they are incapable of changing their distressing social conditions?

A)Max Weber
B)Karl Marx
C)Émile Durkheim
D)Georg Simmel

Question 21

A group who believes in a shared religious message,wants to remain apart from society,and admits only new members who conform to the group's norms exemplifies which of these?

A)church
B)cult
C)ecclesia
D)sect

Question 22

Lea belongs to the world's largest religion.Lea is which of these?

A)Muslim
B)Buddhist
C)Christian
D)Hindu

Question 23

Karl Marx influenced the conflict theory on religion,claiming that religion performs like a(n)______,which distorts and hides underlying realities of capitalist society.

A)theodicy
B)market
C)ideology
D)bureaucracy

Question 24

Emile Durkheim argued that religion promotes which of these?

A)dysfunction
B)solidarity
C)a sacred canopy
D)false consciousness

Question 25

A Denominations is most likely to have which of these characteristics?

A)members who have a conversion experience
B)a positive view of the larger society
C)untrained clergy
D)a charismatic leader

Question 26

With which of these statements would a structural functionalist agree?

A)Religion provides only positive functions for society.
B)Religious solidarity can exclude groups.
C)Religion is particularly functional for stopping violence in society.
D)Religion facilitates peace by helping different groups reject scapegoating.

Question 27

Sami has just joined a small,new,group that has never been associated with another religious tradition but claims to have discovered eternal truths.Her group encourages her to NOT attend her former religious organization.Sami's new group is probably which of these?

A)a sect
B)a church
C)a Denominations
D)a new religious movement

Question 28

Which of these groups would sociologists identify as a Denominations?

A)Lutherans
B)Nxvim
C)Muslims
D)Jehovah Witnesses

Question 29

Raymond critiques the connection between religion and politics,saying that some religious beliefs are keeping the current political system in place.Raymond's statement is most closely aligned with which of these theories?

A)structural-functionalism
B)conflict/critical theory
C)symbolic interactionism
D)exchange theory

Question 30

Which of these tends to be made up of a new,innovative,small and exclusive group with new beliefs that are at odds with established religions?

A)church
B)cult
C)ecclesia
D)sect

Question 31

Which of these identifies the phenomenon of large numbers of people NOT having a clear and correct sense of their TRUE interests?

A)collective consciousness
B)class consciousness
C)false consciousness
D)enlightened consciousness

Question 32

Which of these is the best example of church in its strictest interpretation based on Ernst Troeltsch's definition?

A)the contemporary Roman Catholic Church
B)the Christian megachurch
C)the Jehovah's Witnesses
D)the Anglican Church in England

Question 33

Critical theorist Jürgen Habermas calls religion a type of ______,or system of ideas generated by the social system to support its own existence.

A)theodicy
B)rationalization
C)legitimation
D)bureaucracy

Question 34

Which of these are the two fastest-growing religions in the world today?

A)Methodism and Judaism
B)Christianity and Islam
C)Buddhism and Lutheranism
D)Islam and Presbyterianism

Question 35

Which religion,heavily concentrated in India,spans six continents through migration and the spread of its teaching?

A)Hinduism
B)Buddhism
C)Islam
D)Pentecostalism

Question 36

Which religion has a significant historical and contemporary impact while being one of the smallest of the world's religions?

A)Hinduism
B)Buddhism
C)Muslim
D)Judaism

Question 37

Which religion has moved from its origins in India but primarily resides on the Asian Continent?

A)Hinduism
B)Buddhism
C)Islam
D)Pentecostalism

Question 38

Which religion understood itself historically as "one religion among others?"

A)Hinduism
B)Buddhism
C)Islam
D)Pentecostalism

Question 39

Which of these forms does a cult most resemble?

A)a sect
B)a church
C)a Denominations
D)a business

Question 40

Which of these is a highly organized form of religion with professional leaders that is made up of people from a variety of social class backgrounds who were typically born into the group?

A)church
B)cult
C)ecclesia
D)sect

Question 41

Anna's family has becoming increasingly religious over the past three generations and religious experiences are a major part of their recent family history.Anna's family could be said to be "secularized."

Question 42

Which of these is a strongly held belief in the basic precepts of a religion and a rejection of the modern secular world?

A)Islam
B)pluralism
C)fundamentalism
D)sectarianism

Question 43

In what part of the world has resistance to creating cultural and religious space for Muslim immigrants been greatest?

A)the U.S.
B)Western Europe
C)China
D)Eastern Europe

Question 44

Emile Durkheim believed that organic solidarity types of societies would no longer value religion.

Question 45

Sociological interest in religion is focused primarily on marginal religious groups.

Question 46

Sociologists measure religions to see how likely they are to be accurate.

Question 47

Religion is a social phenomenon that consists of beliefs about the sacred; practices,or rituals; and the community that shares similar beliefs and practices.

Question 48

Abby attends a church that weekly has over 2,000 members and is held in a stadium.Abby's church exemplifies a "megachurch."

Question 49

People who live in wealthier nations are more likely to be religious than those who live in poorer nations.

Question 50

In the U.S.,the Fourth of July is celebrated with fireworks and lively music.These practices are part of the country's civil religion.

Question 51

In Ha's religious group members spend most of their praying and chanting.In other words,Ha's religion involves the use of many rites of passage.

Question 52

Secularization refers to the decline of the significance of religion at the societal and individual levels.

Question 53

According to the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project,which country sends the largest number of Christian immigrants?

A)the U.S.
B)Russia
C)Mexico
D)Germany

Question 54

Consumerism could be thought of as a new type of religion.

Question 55

Vera belongs to a religious group that explains that most members of society are damned.It encourages members to return to basic beliefs and views the world in very black and white ways.Which of these terms applies to Vera's group?

A)secularization
B)fundamentalism
C)profane
D)church

Question 56

Which of these is a sect-like practice of Mormonism?

A)Mormons have made extensive use of the Internet.
B)Mormons have elected officials in political office around the world.
C)Mormons are asked to tithe one-tenth of their income.
D)Mormons adapt to local,indigenous customs.

Question 57

Religious rituals often allow people to experience a liminal period.

Question 58

Contemporary religious organizations compete amongst themselves for consumers of religion much like manufacturers compete for customers.

Question 59

The three main components of religion are beliefs,rituals,and experiences.

Question 60

Civil religion is defined as religion that brings a nation together.

Question 61

Compare and contrast how Karl Marx,Emile Durkheim,and Max Weber viewed the role of religion in society.Which is most compatible with your point of view and why?

Question 62

The two fastest growing religions in the world today are Islam and Buddhism.

Question 63

Most Jews today live in the Middle East.

Question 64

Both Denominations and churches have in common that their religious services are formal and reserved,with an emphasis on teaching rather than on an emotional religious experience.

Question 65

The members of a sect tend to be drawn from the upper social classes.

Question 66

Buddhism was the first worldwide religion.

Question 67

A religious organization marked by bureaucracy,training,highly codified beliefs,and elaborate rituals is called a church.

Question 68

Structural-functionalists recognize that violence and intolerance are two dysfunctions of religion.

Question 69

The "paradox of community" as applied to religion means that the same things that draw us together about religion can also tear us apart.

Question 70

Islam was the first religion to understand itself as one religion among others.

Question 71

To a conflict theorist,religion generates ideas about society to support its own existence.

Question 72

Traditional Islamic law,or sharia,is a form of fundamentalism that includes modest dress for women,abstention from alcohol,and participation in public prayers.

Question 73

The Church of Scientology is an example of a new religious movement.

Question 74

Some sociologists prefer to use the term new religious movements to encompass sects,cults,and a wide array of other innovative religious groups.

Question 75

Muslims make up the largest migrating group of all world religions.

Question 76

Émile Durkheim emphasized that anomie was often the result of religious behavior.

Question 77

Conflict/critical theorists argue that religion serves as a distraction from economic and social inequalities.

Question 78

What defines religion? Name the three major components of religion.

Question 79

China has the largest number of Buddhists in the world.

Question 80

The U.S.is the number one country for receiving Buddhists.