Deck 15: Politics and the Economy

Question 1

One strand of structural-functionalism focuses on ______,in which society has many different players who compete for access to political power.

A)group pluralism
B)power elites
C)citizens
D)elite pluralism

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which sociologist is associated with the power elite theory?

A)Karl Marx
B)C.Wright Mills
C)William Julius Wilson
D)Max Weber

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of these is a behavior associated with the rise of fascism?

A)seeking to destroy an independent press
B)encouraging contempt for our political system and electoral process
C)speaking casually about the use of violence against enemies
D)All of these are associated with the rise of fascism.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of these is a criticism of democracies?

A)Voters are typically uninformed about political issues.
B)Liberal democracies don't extend enough rights.
C)Little diversity of thought exists.
D)Laws tend to be repressive.

Question 5

Which of these is TRUE according to the power elite theory?

A)Power is concentrated in a small number of people who control the major institutions of the state.
B)Power is dispersed throughout a stable society.
C)Power is concentrated in the hands of the people rather than the elite.
D)Power is concentrated in the hands of those in government.

Question 6

Which of these is a problem with Power Elite theory?

A)It does not explain how the elites come to power.
B)It assumes that elites share a common worldview.
C)It does not explain how people come to elect certain types of elite to office.
D)It is unclear and vague in its explanation.

Question 7

What type of rule is characterized by the consent of the people translated through elected officials?

A)national democracy
B)representative democracy
C)direct democracy
D)representative republic

Question 8

Which states are usually totalitarian and ruled either by a single individual or by a small group of people?

A)monarchies
B)dictatorships
C)democracies
D)oligarchies

Question 9

Madison has the right to vote for representatives and has responsibilities such as paying taxes,both of which come with being a ______ in the U.S.

A)veteran
B)immigrant
C)citizen
D)democrat

Question 10

Which of these is TRUE of legitimate violence?

A)Violence from the state is legitimate only through its military.
B)Violence from the state is legitimate only through its police.
C)A state can allow private security firms to enlist violence if it sees this violence as legitimate.
D)States allow private citizens to use violence only when it is in defense of themselves.

Question 11

Which of these is a political system in which people vote for their leaders and for legislation?

A)capitalism
B)dictatorship
C)republic
D)democracy

Question 12

Which of these occurs when a nation uses its military in an attempt to impose its will on others outside the nation?

A)terrorism
B)democracy
C)war
D)geopolitics

Question 13

The national government in the United State is an example of which type of democracy?

A)representative
B)symbolic
C)emblematic
D)direct

Question 14

Elite pluralists take which of these positions?

A)Voters make the final decisions as far as who represents them.
B)Political elites are not a diverse social body.
C)There is no diversity of interests among the various political groups.
D)The competition for votes ensures that no one group retains political power indefinitely.

Question 15

Which organization was created after World War I to lead global efforts at peace?

A)World Congress
B)United Nations
C)Peace Corps
D)League of Nations

Question 16

What is the term for groups that go through established governmental channels to compete and meet their own objectives?

A)governmental institutionalization
B)politics
C)political science
D)the conflict hypothesis

Question 17

The dictatorships discussed in your text all had a(n)______ in which political life and the public sphere centered around men.

A)organizational structure
B)patriarchal structure
C)cult of masculinity
D)center of masculinity

Question 18

Structural-functionalism answers the question "Who rules the U.S.?" with which of these?

A)the wealthy
B)a plurality of groups
C)elected representatives
D)the president

Question 19

Democracies are typically organized into ______ with clear hierarchies and written laws.

A)constitutional systems
B)nation-states
C)bureaucracies
D)census tracts

Question 20

Which of these is the region with the lowest ranking on democratic human rights from around the world as ranked by Freedom House?

A)Europe
B)China
C)Middle East/North Africa
D)South Africa

Question 21

Jews,Syrians,and Iraqis have all been dispersed across the globe but retain a collective memory of their homeland and wish to return to it that they transmit to their children.Many,however,have no contact with their homeland.Their identification with a homeland that they now have no part of is known as which of these?

A)imagined communities
B)nation-state
C)diaspora
D)nation

Question 22

What is the term for market domination by a few companies?

A)competitive capitalism
B)monopoly capitalism
C)transnational capitalism
D)welfare capitalism

Question 23

In recent years which of these is a global trend in capitalism?

A)competitive capitalism
B)monopoly capitalism
C)transnational capitalism
D)welfare capitalism

Question 24

Larry puts together a bookshelf he has purchased on Amazon.Which of these describes Larry?

A)consumer
B)capitalist
C)prosumer
D)discouraged worker

Question 25

Automobile factories and manufacturing plants are examples of which type of industries?

A)bureaucratic
B)bulk-production
C)mass-production
D)structural

Question 26

Which of these is a characteristic of a failed state?

A)too much control over its own territory
B)large flows of refugees
C)lack of inflation
D)providing only basic services

Question 27

The key development in the emergence of the modern economy was which of these?

A)the industrial revolution
B)the agricultural revolution
C)the postindustrial revolution
D)the progressive revolution

Question 28

Syria has lost control over much of its territory.However,it is still a geographical area that encompasses people with shared identities and culture with a government.Syria would be considered which of these?

A)imagined communities
B)nation-state
C)diaspora
D)nation

Question 29

Which of these is a social system involved in the production and distribution of goods?

A)government
B)political system
C)economy
D)regime

Question 30

Which country continues to see itself as a communist society today?

A)China
B)the U.S.
C)Russia
D)Denmark

Question 31

When nongovernmental actors engage in acts of violence targeting noncombatants or private property,they are called which of these?

A)criminals
B)terrorists
C)warriors
D)civilian-soldiers

Question 32

Which of these could be seen as a welfare state?

A)China
B)the U.S.
C)Russia
D)Denmark

Question 33

Which of these seeks to operate economic markets efficiently but equitably?

A)socialist state
B)communist state
C)welfare state
D)capitalist state

Question 34

Jews,Syrians,and Iraqis have all been dispersed across the globe.Their dispersal is known as which of these?

A)imagined communities
B)nation-state
C)diaspora
D)nation

Question 35

A characteristic of a communistic system is which of these?

A)the collective ownership of the means of production
B)the private ownership of the means of production
C)maximization of profit
D)division of social classes

Question 36

Political relationships that involve geographic areas,including the globe,are referred to as which of these?

A)self-interest politics
B)urbanized politics
C)geopolitics
D)egotism politics

Question 37

The group Boko Haram killed people and kidnapped girls from a school in Nigeria.Their actions are considered which of these?

A)terrorism
B)globalized violence
C)insurgent war
D)legitimate violence

Question 38

People who share similar cultural,religious,ethnic,and linguistic characteristics over long periods of time are categorized as which of these?

A)imagined communities
B)nation-state
C)state
D)nation

Question 39

Which of these is the first and longest-running concern of sociology?

A)mass production
B)democracy
C)treaties
D)economy

Question 40

Which of these is TRUE of sociologists and economics?

A)Sociologists are more concerned with individual,rational actors than are economists.
B)Sociologists are more concerned with the linkages between economic and non-economic phenomenon than are economists.
C)Sociologists rarely examine the economy,leaving the study of it to economists.
D)Classical sociologists had little interest in the economy.

Question 41

Fordism dominated much of the ______ U.S.automobile industry.

A)18th-century
B)19th-century
C)20th-century
D)21st-century

Question 42

The U.S.has sponsored dictatorships in other countries.

Question 43

Which of these factors worsened the international financial situation during the euro crisis?

A)the difficulty in importing food and consumer goods
B)the difficulty in borrowing money to keep economies functioning
C)the difficulty of traveling past international borders
D)the increase in war around the globe

Question 44

Renita lost her job at a corporation due to downsizing.She has a degree in electrical engineering,but she cannot find a job in her profession and thus she must work part-time at a sandwich shop.What term best describes Renita's job status?

A)unemployed
B)underemployed
C)discouraged worker
D)seasonal worker

Question 45

Compared to Fordism,Post-Fordism is associated with which of these?

A)smaller production runs
B)larger production runs
C)more generic products
D)more reliance on economies of scale

Question 46

Donald Trump has exhibited characteristics of a move toward fascism by breaking political norms,delegitimizing other political candidates,encouraging violence and limiting opponents' civil liberties.

Question 47

Places like shopping malls,theme parks,and Amazon.com can be considered which of these?

A)Fordist spaces
B)cathedrals of consumption
C)postconsumer spaces
D)hyperconsumption spaces

Question 48

The U.S.has always offered universal citizenship.

Question 49

What percent of the U.S.labor force is unionized?

A)1%
B)5%
C)10%
D)30%

Question 50

Globalization as it relates to money and finance is called which of these?

A)macrofinance
B)microfinance
C)mesofinance
D)exofinance

Question 51

Most democratic states do NOT guarantee citizens the right to freely express dissent,freedom of the press,or the right to due process and equality before the law.

Question 52

Why did U.S.labor unions begin to decline?

A)Workers were able to get good benefits without them.
B)Many unionized jobs were automated and thus workers were no longer in those jobs to form a union.
C)the loss of white-collar jobs
D)corruption in unions

Question 53

Which of these is a society that has transitioned from manufacture of goods to service work?

A)post-industrial society
B)industrial society
C)agrarian society
D)post-capitalist society

Question 54

Gianna's credit card debt is $25,000,and she can barely make the mortgage on her seven-bedroom estate.What does Gianna's situation exemplify?

A)hypoconsumerism
B)hyperdebt
C)hyperconsumerism
D)the credit-debt society

Question 55

Renita lost her job at a corporation due to downsizing.She has a degree in electrical engineering,but she cannot find a job in her profession.What term best describes Renita's job status?

A)unemployed
B)underemployed
C)discouraged worker
D)seasonal worker

Question 56

Leisure-time activities are more likely to be found among which social class?

A)underclass
B)lower class
C)working class
D)upper class

Question 57

Which of these refers to a large group of people who are marginally attached to the workforce?

A)overemployed workers
B)frustrated workers
C)demoralized workers
D)discouraged workers

Question 58

In modern democracies,people vote to choose their legislators rather than managing their own political affairs and directly making decisions about the things that affect their lives.

Question 59

Which of these involves the decline of manufacturing as well as a corresponding increase in various types of services?

A)industrialization
B)urbanization
C)deindustrialization
D)suburbanization

Question 60

When did U.S.labor unions begin to decline?

A)1920s
B)1940s
C)1960s
D)1980s

Question 61

The Power Elite theory's assertion that society is stable is a problem with this theory.

Question 62

Karl Marx was the only classical sociologist with an interest in the economy.

Question 64

Define the term deindustrialization and discuss two factors that are responsible for deindustrialization in the U.S.

Question 65

Most people in the U.S.who want jobs have them,although they might NOT always have the jobs that they want.

Question 66

When the auto industry was controlled by Ford,General Motors and Chrysler this was known as competitive capitalism.

Question 67

The United Nations and organizations within it has led to the end of interstate wars.

Question 68

Jews can be defined as a nation.

Question 69

Vietnamese children who have never been to Vietnam but who see themselves as part of an international group rooted in Vietnam are considered a diaspora.

Question 70

A number of people in the U.S.live in large houses and have two or three vehicles,yet they don't have the money to pay the mortgage and car payments.This is an example of hypoconsumption.

Question 71

Automobile factories are examples of mass production.

Question 72

Communism is an economic system that is based primarily on the private ownership of the means of production.

Question 73

Capitalism today can be characterized as producer capitalism.

Question 74

The power of the state resides in its ability to use legitimate violence.

Question 75

After World War II,geopolitics focused on the relationship between the U.S.and China.

Question 76

The goal of welfare states is to provide for the well-being of its citizens,such as national health plans and old age plans.

Question 77

The decline of manufacturing plants and the rise of service jobs is referred to as outsourcing.

Question 78

Facebook exemplifies the model of prosumer capitalism.

Question 79

Jenny identifies as a group pluralist.As such,she believes that there tends to be a consensus of values in society.

Question 80

A postindustrial society is one where the focus is on service work rather than manufacturing of goods.