Deck 2: Thinking Sociologically

Question 1

When Trevor's computer stopped operating correctly,he called a computer repair technician to fix it.The computer repair technician depends on people like Trevor,who need computers fixed so that he can earn a livelihood.What best describes this type of relationship?

A)mechanical solidarity
B)organic solidarity
C)structured solidarity
D)integrated solidarity

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Grog is a hunter in an early hunting and gathering society.Grog's tribe all does the same basic kinds of work: hunting,gathering,and cooking.Which type of solidarity would Émile Durkheim say best fits Grog's tribe?

A)anomic
B)alienated
C)organic
D)mechanical

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What did Karl Marx believe would happen to capitalism eventually?

A)It would improve greatly for the workers until society reached full equality.
B)It would improve slightly so long as workers unionized.
C)It would get worse until the inequality gap led to workers overthrowing the system.
D)It would get worse until technology could replace workers,freeing them for other pursuits.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Max Weber analyzed capitalism,but his real interest was in the increase of which of these?

A)religion
B)suicide
C)rationalization
D)alienation

Question 5

When applying theories to an issue,sociologists differ from the average person by being ______ in their approach.

A)systematic
B)biased
C)uninformed
D)quantitative

Question 6

Sociological theory emerged in Europe during which of these centuries?

A)18th
B)16th
C)19th
D)17th

Question 7

An example of ______ is the importance most people in the U.S.place on certain freedoms,such as freedom of speech and freedom of religion.

A)mutuality
B)organic solidarity
C)collective conscience
D)collective norms

Question 8

Which of these was a main objective of Max Weber's works?

A)to analyze the relationship between workers and the owners
B)to develop theories for further study
C)to analyze the relationship between the economy and religion
D)to focus on the elements of Social Darwinism

Question 9

To Émile Durkheim,some phenomena,such as structures and norms,stood outside of us and imposed themselves on us.What did he call these structures and norms?

A)social facts
B)false consciousness
C)rationalization
D)anomie

Question 10

According to Émile Durkheim,early forms of society were held together by ______,in which people were connected because they performed similar types of work and shared similar beliefs and values.

A)organic solidarity
B)mechanical solidarity
C)automatic solidarity
D)structured solidarity

Question 11

Which of these describes the state of people being adrift in society without clear rules?

A)exploitation
B)anomie
C)rationalization
D)disorientation

Question 12

Which of these is the title of Max Weber's best-known piece of work?

A)The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
B)The Communist Manifesto
C)The Origin of the Species
D)Society in America

Question 13

Which of these represents an important difference between a theory of dating generated by a professional sociologist and one proposed by an average person?

A)Sociologists will examine more statistical data than the average person.
B)Sociologists read the theories already in the scientific literature.
C)Sociologists know formulas for generating new theories.
D)Sociologists are less aware of biases than the average person.

Question 14

Which of these focused on the exploitation of workers in capitalist systems?

A)Émile Durkheim
B)Karl Marx
C)Herbert Spencer
D)W.E.B.DuBois

Question 15

Karl Marx observed that workers produce virtually everything but get only a small portion of reward for it while the owners do little work and make large rewards off the labor of those who work for them.What is the term for this phenomenon?

A)alienation
B)exploitation
C)ideology
D)class consciousness

Question 16

Émile Durkheim was concerned with macro-level phenomena,which he referred to as which of these?

A)bureaucracy
B)anomie
C)social facts
D)collective conscience

Question 17

Which of these are sets of interrelated ideas that have a wide range of applications,deal with centrally important issues,and have stood the test of time?

A)social laws
B)hypotheses
C)theories
D)causes

Question 18

Which theorist is best known for sociological works that pertained to women and feminism?

A)Auguste Comte
B)Harriet Tubman
C)Harriet Martineau
D)Karl Marx

Question 19

Sociologist Randall Collins developed a theory of violence.To which of these does it apply?

A)state-sanctioned violence such as war
B)domestic forms of violence
C)major criminal acts such as murder or rape
D)all types of violence and all types of victims

Question 20

Which term best describes the proletariat's realization that they are being exploited?

A)false consciousness
B)class consciousness
C)sociological consciousness
D)collective consciousness

Question 21

Friedrich Engels believed that female oppression was rooted in the private property rights in capitalism.Because he drew connections between underlying systems of gender inequality and private property,Engels could be considered a ______ theorist.

A)conflict
B)structuralist
C)communist
D)postmodern

Question 22

Which statement would critical theories of race and racism agree with?

A)Colorblindness is a good goal for the future.
B)Colorblindness is already the norm among most people in the developed world.
C)Colorblindness is a new form of racism.
D)Colorblindness has a negative impact on women.

Question 23

Proponents of feminist theory focus on how ideas pertaining to gender have been ______,rather than ______.

A)biologically determined; socially constructed
B)socially constructed; biologically determined
C)adaptively constructed; socially constructed
D)naturally constructed; biologically constructed

Question 24

Which concept describes the task of looking beneath and beyond facades to identify important underlying factors that have enormous effects on human behavior?

A)debunking
B)piggybacking
C)double consciousness
D)false consciousness

Question 25

Which important early sociological theorist coined the term sociology and was interested in developing sociology as a science?

A)Randall Collins
B)Auguste Comte
C)Harriet Martineau
D)Herbert Spencer

Question 26

Which of these refers to the sense of "two-ness" that arises from being both American and African American?

A)double consciousness
B)double awareness
C)color line
D)dual conscience

Question 27

Which theorists focus on underlying structures because they think that what happens below the surface is highly consequential to the shape of society?

A)conflict theorists
B)rational choice theorists
C)structuralists
D)critical theorists

Question 28

Early social theorist Georg Simmel described interactions in his theories by conceptualizing the dimensions of interactions as ______ and ______.

A)forms; types
B)forms; functions
C)social class; race
D)types; social facts

Question 29

Students learn many things at school.One of them is to develop valuable skills,such as learning to schedule their time and the significance of deadlines.What type of function would sociologists identify as describing this type of learning?

A)manifest function
B)latent function
C)dysfunction
D)ideological function

Question 30

Tariffs can result in a trade war.This is an example of ______.

A)manifest function
B)latent function
C)unanticipated Consequence
D)ideological function

Question 31

Which level of analysis does structural-functionalism focus on?

A)micro
B)macro
C)race
D)class

Question 32

Which theory sees society as held together by power and coercion?

A)structuralism
B)rational choice theory
C)conflict theory
D)exchange theory

Question 33

Which theory is based on the idea that there are no fixed and stable identities that determine who we are?

A)structural theory
B)conflict theory
C)interactionist theory
D)queer theory

Question 34

Which of these focuses on the role of symbols and how their meanings are shared and understood by those involved in human interaction?

A)conflict theory
B)exchange theory
C)ethnomethodology
D)symbolic interactionism

Question 35

Sociologists who use the ______ framework focus on how societal institutions,such as our governmental system and health-care system,are necessary and essential to society.

A)conflict
B)interactionist
C)structural-functional
D)institutional

Question 36

Which theorists believe that culture has become more important than the economic system?

A)feminists
B)queer theorists
C)structural-functionalist theorists
D)critical theorists

Question 37

Modernity can be described in terms of ______.

A)the economy
B)rationality
C)exploitation
D)solidarity

Question 38

With which statement would Ralf Dahrendorf agree?

A)Authority resides in the past,not the present.
B)Authority resides in the societal level,not the individual level.
C)Authority resides in functions,not structures.
D)Authority resides in positions,not specific individuals.

Question 39

Which early sociologist is best known for his studies pertaining to race,specifically the divisions that existed between blacks and whites?

A)Émile Durkheim
B)Max Weber
C)Karl Marx
D)W.E.B.Du Bois

Question 40

Leon's Facebook page is filled with photos of the many days he spends playing golf at expensive golf courses.Which of these concepts does Leon's Facebook page exemplify?

A)alienation
B)conspicuous consumption
C)collective conscience
D)conspicuous leisure

Question 41

Sociologists typically use only their own theories to inform their work.

Question 42

All sociologists theorize.

Question 43

The process by which social structures are increasingly characterized by the most direct and efficient means to their ends is called rationalization.

Question 44

Sociology theory is solely based on Western European thought (and later U.S.thought)from the 19^th century forward.

Question 45

Exchange theorists focus on social behavior between people who are doing which of these?

A)acting out their social roles
B)rationally seeking profit
C)being basically altruistic and kind
D)being emotionally driven

Question 46

Sociological theories,once created,usually only apply to a specific subject area such as religion,sports,or work.

Question 47

Randall Collins's theory of violence is designed to show how violence is inherent in people instead of social contexts.

Question 48

According to exchange theory,what can be said of "hooking up"?

A)It shows how emotions and drives are the basis of interactions.
B)It is only likely among those who have not yet taken on adult roles.
C)It rarely develops in isolation from other exchange relationships.
D)It is a deviant type of exchange in a relationship.

Question 49

Ethnomethodologists are likely to study which of these?

A)institutions
B)individuals
C)conversations
D)global cultures

Question 50

Nan goes to Las Vegas to visit the Eiffel Tower at the Paris Las Vegas hotel and casino.This is an example of which of these concepts?

A)simulation
B)exposition
C)pastiche
D)grand narrative

Question 51

Peter and Mary have been married for several years.Peter has been unhappy for several months and is thinking about initiating a divorce.He decides to make a list of the benefits and costs of the relationship.Peter is using a form of which theory?

A)conflict theory
B)exchange theory
C)symbolic interactionist theory
D)structural-functional theory

Question 52

What is the relationship of postmodern theory to modern theory?

A)Postmodern theory deconstructs grand narratives of modern theory.
B)Postmodern theory expands upon grand narratives of modern theory.
C)Postmodern theory largely agrees with grand narratives of modern theory.
D)Postmodern theory has no comment on grand narratives of modern theory.

Question 53

Max Weber's best-known work is The Communist Manifesto.

Question 54

Proponents of postmodern theory focus on which of these?

A)scientific approaches to the social world
B)limited and unrelated snapshots of the social world
C)grand narratives
D)responding to theories from classical sociology

Question 55

Which statement about symbols is TRUE for a symbolic interactionist?

A)Symbols are set in stone and everyone understands them,which makes interaction predictable.
B)Symbols can be interpreted in many ways,which makes interaction fluid.
C)Symbols are used by individuals but are not used by groups.
D)Most people prefer to not use symbols in interaction.

Question 56

Karl Marx was a macro theorist.

Question 57

Karl Marx created the communism practiced by the Soviet Union and other countries in the twentieth century.

Question 58

Which of the following is the premise of the rational choice theory?

A)Rewards and costs determine a person's choices.
B)People act intentionally to achieve goals.
C)Coercion is the driving force behind all decisions.
D)Individual choices are only limited by self-generated constraints

Question 59

Max Weber believed that rationalization was positive for society.

Question 60

Which of these is a term that describes words,gestures,and even objects that stand in to represent something else?

A)signs
B)signals
C)symbols
D)representations

Question 61

Georg Simmel developed a micro level theory of social interaction.

Question 62

Émile Durkheim focused on how the wealthy display their wealth.

Question 63

Emile Durkheim is associated with Structural Functionalism

Question 64

Conflict theorists focus on the power struggles that exist between different groups in society.

Question 65

Jenna spends most of her paycheck on designer bags.Jenna is exemplifying inconspicuous consumption.

Question 66

To Emile Durkheim,the most important social fact is class consciousness.

Question 67

W.E.B.Du Bois is best known for his studies that focus on race relations.

Question 68

Feminist theorists would be likely to include patriarchy in their analysis of society.

Question 69

Double consciousness is an awareness of yourself as a human being and a member of a social class.

Question 70

People who identify with all genders are known as pangender.

Question 71

Colorblindness is a term used by theorists of critical theories of race and racism to describe a way of improving race relations.

Question 72

Mass culture is a term to describe a culture that reflects truth and freedom back to its consumers.

Question 73

Structuralism is a theory concerned with structures and functions.

Question 74

Emile Durkheim's most famous study is The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.

Question 75

Observable consequences that negatively affect the ability of a given system to survive,adapt,or adjust are known as dysfunctions.

Question 76

Critical theorists focus on class struggles.

Question 77

Karl Max is associated with Structuralism.

Question 78

Both Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim had a positive view of human beings.

Question 79

Debunking is associated with structural functionalism.

Question 80

Sitting on the porch sipping margaritas every evening so that your neighbors can see how you spend your time is an example of conspicuous consumption.