Deck 25: Animal Evolution: The Chordates

Question 1

From what feature are jaws thought to have evolved?  

A) Pharynx
B) Vertebrae
C) Legs
D) Arms
E) Gill arches

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Declining amphibian populations are correlated with four of the following.Which one is the exception?  

A) Habitat loss
B) Introduction of non-native species
C) Long-term changes in climate
D) Evolutionary changes in amphibians
E) Fungal infections and parasitic diseases

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The first group to exhibit an amniotic egg was the ____.  

A) birds
B) amphibians
C) reptiles
D) bony fish
E) mammals

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Figure 25.2


-In the accompanying figure,which structure is a rod of flexible connective supporting the body?  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

In which type of mammal do a mother and her embryo exchange materials by means of an organ developed from embryonic membranes?  

A) Monotremes
B) Egg-laying
C) Pouched
D) Marsupial
E) Placental

Question 6

Which of the following statements is false regarding mammals?  

A) Mammals' lower jaw consists of a single bone.
B) Mammals have distinctive skeletal and dental traits.
C) The mammalian heart is three-chambered.
D) Mammals are animals in which females nourish their offspring with milk that they secrete from mammary glands.
E) Mammals also include the only animals that sweat.

Question 7

Amniotes differ from earlier vertebrates by ____.  

A) their large size
B) their three-chambered heart
C) producing eggs in which the young can develop away from water
D) the possession of a slimy skin
E) having external scales

Question 8

Figure 25.2


-Consider the accompanying figure.Four of the following are true statements about the structure indicated by "D." Which statement is false?  

A) It first evolved in arthropods.
B) It extends anteriorly into the head region.
C) It provides support for muscle contraction.
D) It is replaced in most adult vertebrates by the vertebral column.
E) It is one of the four exclusive features of chordates.

Question 9

Birds arose during the Jurassic and are descended from which animals?  

A) Aquatic larva
B) Amphibians
C) Feathered therapod dinosaurs
D) Endotherms
E) Reptiles

Question 10

Which of the following is most closely related to the lobe-finned fishes?  

A) Ray-finned fishes
B) Tunicates
C) Mammals
D) Cartilaginous fishes
E) Lancelets

Question 11

Four of the following statements are typically true of placoderms.Which one is the exception?  

A) They gave birth to live young.
B) They had jaws.
C) They had teeth.
D) They had paired pelvic fins.
E) They had paired pectoral fins.

Question 12

The first tetrapods evolved ____.  

A) on land
B) after the amphibians
C) from lobe-finned fish
D) after the first amniotes
E) from the ray-finned fishes

Question 13

Four of the following are features found exclusively among all vertebrate embryos.Which one is the exception?  

A) Notochord
B) Pharyngeal gill slits
C) Four legs
D) Post-anal tail
E) Dorsal nerve cord

Question 14

Four of the following statements about turtles are true.Which statement is false?  

A) About 300 species of turtles currently exist.
B) Modern turtles do not have teeth.
C) Turtle feed only on plants.
D) Turtle shells are attached to their skeleton.
E) Turtle shells covered with keratin.

Question 15

The feeding habits of adult lampreys are best described as ____.  

A) suspension feeding
B) predatory
C) parasitic
D) scavenging
E) filter feeding

Question 16

Four of the following are members of the bony fishes.Which one is the exception?  

A) Teleosts
B) Ray-finned fish
C) Lungfish
D) Stingrays
E) Lobe-finned fishes

Question 17

Which phylum is most closely related developmentally to the first vertebrates?  

A) Echinodermata
B) Arthropoda
C) Mollusca
D) Annelida
E) Chelicerata

Question 18

Sharks differ from most other fish in that they lack ____.  

A) gill slits
B) scales
C) bone
D) paired appendages
E) teeth

Question 19

Birds typically have a large sternum with a bladelike vertical protrusion to which flight muscles attach called:  

A) Radius
B) Ulna
C) Breastbone
D) Keel
E) Humerus

Question 20

Most amphibians are completely dependent on an aquatic environment for ____.  

A) respiration
B) feeding
C) reproduction
D) movement
E) thermoregulation

Question 21

Which of the following is not a part of an egg with a calcium-hardened shell?  

A) Placenta
B) Amnion
C) Chorion
D) Allantois
E) Yolk sac

Question 22

Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.separate openings for the urinary, reproductive, and excretory systems
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.North America's only native marsupial
k.adults are barrel-shaped and secretes a covering of polysaccharides
l.egg-laying mammal
m.swim bladder for buoyancy
n.larvae typically have gills and develop lungs as they mature
bony fishes

Question 23

Egg-laying mammals ____.  

A) hatch fully developed young from their eggs
B) are monotremes
C) are hairless
D) are confined to South America
E) bear their young into permanent pouches

Question 24

Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.separate openings for the urinary, reproductive, and excretory systems
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.North America's only native marsupial
k.adults are barrel-shaped and secretes a covering of polysaccharides
l.egg-laying mammal
m.swim bladder for buoyancy
n.larvae typically have gills and develop lungs as they mature
caecilians

Question 25

Four of the following statements about lizards are true.Which statement is false?  

A) Lizards are a very small component of the present-day reptiles.
B) Lizards and snakes are more closely related to each other than to turtles.
C) Some lizards are not predators.
D) Lizards have overlapping scales on their bodies.
E) All lizards have three-chambered hearts.

Question 26

Four of the following are extraembryonic membranes of the amniote egg.Which one is the exception?  

A) Albumen
B) Amnion
C) Chorion
D) Allantois
E) Yolk sac

Question 27

Four of the following statements about snakes are true.Which statement is false?  

A) All snakes are carnivores.
B) All snakes shed their skin as they grow.
C) All snakes have fangs.
D) All snakes have overlapping scales.
E) Some snakes retain skeletal remnants of hind limbs.

Question 28

Which group of mammals exhibits the widest distribution and greatest diversity?  

A) Marsupials
B) Cetaceans
C) Placentals
D) Primates
E) Monotremes

Question 29

Figure 25.22B


-The letter "A" in the accompanying figure represents which teeth?  

A) Incisors
B) Molars
C) Canines
D) premolars
E) Grinders

Question 30

A great adaptive radiation of mammals began about ____ million years ago.  

A) 25
B) 65
C) 95
D) 125
E) 165

Question 31

Which of the following birds has a beak adapted for straining vegetation from water?  

A) Robin
B) Duck
C) Vulture
D) Kingfisher
E) Eagle

Question 32

Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.separate openings for the urinary, reproductive, and excretory systems
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.North America's only native marsupial
k.adults are barrel-shaped and secretes a covering of polysaccharides
l.egg-laying mammal
m.swim bladder for buoyancy
n.larvae typically have gills and develop lungs as they mature
sharks

Question 33

Birds and crocodiles share which of the following characteristics?  

A) Ectotherm
B) Body hair
C) Four-chambered heart
D) Lung design
E) Light-weight bones

Question 34

Four of the following statements about crocodilians are true.Which statement is false?  

A) They live in or near water.
B) They are predators with sharp teeth.
C) They have a two-chambered heart.
D) They have powerful jaws.
E) They are the closest living relatives to birds.

Question 35

Figure 25.22B


-The letter "C" in the accompanying figure represents which teeth?  

A) Incisors
B) Molars
C) Canines
D) Premolars
E) Grinders

Question 36

Figure 25.22B


-The letter "D" in the accompanying figure represents which teeth?  

A) Incisors
B) Molars
C) Canines
D) premolars
E) Grinders

Question 37

Figure 25.20


-The letter "E" in the accompanying figure represents the ____.  

A) humerus
B) pectoral girdle
C) skull
D) sternum
E) pelvic girdle

Question 38

The most diverse group of placental mammals are the ____.  

A) bats
B) carnivores
C) rodents
D) moles and shrews
E) whales and dolphins

Question 39

Figure 25.20


-The letter "B" in the accompanying figure represents the ____.  

A) humerus
B) pectoral girdle
C) skull
D) sternum
E) pelvic girdle

Question 40

Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.separate openings for the urinary, reproductive, and excretory systems
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.North America's only native marsupial
k.adults are barrel-shaped and secretes a covering of polysaccharides
l.egg-laying mammal
m.swim bladder for buoyancy
n.larvae typically have gills and develop lungs as they mature
birds

Question 41

In lineages that moved onto land,gills were replaced by lungs; kidneys became better at conserving __________,and the circulatory system became more efficient.

Question 42

Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.separate openings for the urinary, reproductive, and excretory systems
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.North America's only native marsupial
k.adults are barrel-shaped and secretes a covering of polysaccharides
l.egg-laying mammal
m.swim bladder for buoyancy
n.larvae typically have gills and develop lungs as they mature
lampreys

Question 43

Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the classes listed below.
a.Cartilaginous fishes
b.Bony fishes
c.Amphibians
d.Reptilians
Members of this class have cartilaginous skeletons but also possess jaws.

Question 44

__________ are animals with a backbone.

Question 45

__________ are jawless fishes with a backbone.

Question 46

Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.separate openings for the urinary, reproductive, and excretory systems
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.North America's only native marsupial
k.adults are barrel-shaped and secretes a covering of polysaccharides
l.egg-laying mammal
m.swim bladder for buoyancy
n.larvae typically have gills and develop lungs as they mature
lancelets

Question 47

Invertebrate chordates include __________ and __________,both marine filter-feeders.

Question 48

Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.separate openings for the urinary, reproductive, and excretory systems
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.North America's only native marsupial
k.adults are barrel-shaped and secretes a covering of polysaccharides
l.egg-laying mammal
m.swim bladder for buoyancy
n.larvae typically have gills and develop lungs as they mature
placoderms

Question 49

Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.separate openings for the urinary, reproductive, and excretory systems
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.North America's only native marsupial
k.adults are barrel-shaped and secretes a covering of polysaccharides
l.egg-laying mammal
m.swim bladder for buoyancy
n.larvae typically have gills and develop lungs as they mature
salamanders

Question 50

Scales and paired fins first evolved in __________fishes.

Question 51

Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.separate openings for the urinary, reproductive, and excretory systems
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.North America's only native marsupial
k.adults are barrel-shaped and secretes a covering of polysaccharides
l.egg-laying mammal
m.swim bladder for buoyancy
n.larvae typically have gills and develop lungs as they mature
platypus

Question 52

Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.separate openings for the urinary, reproductive, and excretory systems
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.North America's only native marsupial
k.adults are barrel-shaped and secretes a covering of polysaccharides
l.egg-laying mammal
m.swim bladder for buoyancy
n.larvae typically have gills and develop lungs as they mature
placental mammal

Question 53

Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the classes listed below.
a.Cartilaginous fishes
b.Bony fishes
c.Amphibians
d.Reptilians
Members of this class are fully terrestrial except for reproduction.

Question 54

Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the classes listed below.
a.Cartilaginous fishes
b.Bony fishes
c.Amphibians
d.Reptilians
Some species of this class live in water but are not dependent upon an aquatic environment.

Question 55

Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the classes listed below.
a.Cartilaginous fishes
b.Bony fishes
c.Amphibians
d.Reptilians
Members of one unusual group may have been ancestors of tetrapods.

Question 56

Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.separate openings for the urinary, reproductive, and excretory systems
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.North America's only native marsupial
k.adults are barrel-shaped and secretes a covering of polysaccharides
l.egg-laying mammal
m.swim bladder for buoyancy
n.larvae typically have gills and develop lungs as they mature
tunicates

Question 57

Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.separate openings for the urinary, reproductive, and excretory systems
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.North America's only native marsupial
k.adults are barrel-shaped and secretes a covering of polysaccharides
l.egg-laying mammal
m.swim bladder for buoyancy
n.larvae typically have gills and develop lungs as they mature
opossum

Question 58

Four features help define the __________: a notochord,a dorsal hollow nerve cord,a pharynx with gill slits,and a tail extending past the anus.

Question 59

Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.separate openings for the urinary, reproductive, and excretory systems
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.North America's only native marsupial
k.adults are barrel-shaped and secretes a covering of polysaccharides
l.egg-laying mammal
m.swim bladder for buoyancy
n.larvae typically have gills and develop lungs as they mature
snakes

Question 60

Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a.cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b.reptile with four-chambered heart
c.separate openings for the urinary, reproductive, and excretory systems
d.legless amphibian
e.invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f.endotherm with feathers
g.limbless reptile
h.most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i.modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j.North America's only native marsupial
k.adults are barrel-shaped and secretes a covering of polysaccharides
l.egg-laying mammal
m.swim bladder for buoyancy
n.larvae typically have gills and develop lungs as they mature
crocodile

Question 61

__________,or four-legged walkers,evolved from lobe-finned bony fishes.

Question 62

Many amphibians now face extinction,and one cause is believed to be a(n)__________ fungus.

Question 63

What type of beak does a seed-eating bird have to break open their food?  

A) Hooked beak
B) Stout beak
C) Elongated beak
D) Probing beak
E) Flat beak

Question 64

__________,the first group of vertebrates able to complete their life cycle on dry land,have water conserving skin and kidneys,and amniote eggs.

Question 65

Mammals belong to a synapsid clade called ______________.  

A) placoderms
B) ostracoderms
C) cloacae
D) therapsids
E) placentals

Question 66

Four of the following statements are true.Which one is not?  

A) Amniotes are the predominant vertebrates on land.
B) Tetrapod vertebrates have four bony limbs.
C) All chordate embryos have a notochord, a dorsal tubular nerve cord.
D) Lancelets and tunicates are the two groups of invertebrate chordates.
E) The backbone and the other skeletal elements are components of the vertebrate exoskeleton.

Question 67

Reptiles are __________ (cold-blooded animals)with scales.

Question 68

During seasonal bird migration,which of the following typically occur?  

A) Spring flight to warmer areas
B) Autumn flight to breeding location
C) Summer flight to cooler areas
D) Spring flight to breeding grounds
E) Autumn flight to shorelines

Question 69

One hypothesis proposes that an asteroid impact at the end of the ___________ led to the extinction of dinosaurs.

Question 70

Changes to the __________ gave tetrapods improved detection of airborne sounds,while evolution of __________ prevented delicate eye tissues from drying out.

Question 71

A(n)__________ is an organ that allows exchange of nutrients between an embryo and its mother.