Deck 11: Challenges

Question 1

Important risk factor(s)for delinquency that continues into adulthood is/are

A)hostile or neglecting parents.
B)high levels of impulsiveness.
C)low IQ scores.
D)All of the above.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

__________ is a legal term for behaviours such as truancy and running away,misconduct like being disruptive in school,and minor offences such as gambling.

A)Delinquency
B)Antisocial behaviour
C)Conduct disorder
D)Young offender

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Slobadan skips school,gets into a lot of fights,and commits vandalism.He is exhibiting _____ problems.

A)internalizing
B)externalizing
C)personality
D)somatizing

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The offenses known as index crimes include

A)violent crimes.
B)status offenses.
C)property crimes.
D)Both A and C.

Question 5

Between 2001-2010,the rate of violent crimes in Canada by those under 18 has

A)stayed level.
B)climbed sharply.
C)declined.
D)fluctuated randomly.

Question 6

Teens with _____ problems tend to have weak impulse control and are more likely to be boys than girls.

A)somatizing
B)internalizing
C)externalizing
D)psychologizing

Question 7

Researchers find that many teens with conduct problems are also depressed;this is an example of

A)disinhibition.
B)overlapping disorders.
C)amplification.
D)comorbidity.

Question 8

John was an aggressive and defiant kid in grade school,and as a teen he is involved in serious delinquency.His mother,a single parent,has given up on him.John is at high risk for becoming a(n)_____ offender.

A)status
B)life-course-persistent
C)adolescence-limited
D)transitory

Question 9

Actions such as buying cigarettes or alcohol that are against the law for minors but not for adults are known as

A)status offences.
B)delinquency.
C)juvenile infractions.
D)minor violations.

Question 10

Another student brushes by Mariano's desk and knocks his book to the floor.Mariano jumps up and threatens him.It is likely that Mariano has a(n)

A)oppositional defiance disorder.
B)attention deficit disorder.
C)hostile attributional bias.
D)adolescence-limited syndrome.

Question 11

Studies that have evaluated the effects of punishing adolescents as adults suggest that

A)those sent to adult prisons are more likely to give up their criminal activities to avoid further punishment.
B)those sent to adult prisons are more likely to be arrested again once they are out.
C)the harsh punishment given to offenders scares other teens into avoiding delinquent activities.
D)None of the above;the results are inconclusive.

Question 12

Xaviar was caught vandalizing a local cemetery.He also gets into fights at school.It is likely that

A)his problems are the result of a difficult transition into adolescence.
B)he also had conduct problems as a child.
C)he will go on to become a career criminal as an adult.
D)he suffers from a hormonal imbalance.

Question 13

A contributor to the gap between self-reported delinquency and crime statistics is that a good deal of delinquency by _________ adolescents never makes it into official records.

A)low-income
B)middle-class
C)South Asian
D)illegal-immigrant

Question 14

In Canada,youth gangs are found in almost every major city and are engaged in the following,except

A)prostitution.
B)drug trafficking.
C)trying to eliminate rival gangs.
D)pro-social homelessness prevention.

Question 15

Teens with _____ problems tend to repress their impulses and are more likely to be girls than boys.

A)externalizing
B)psychologizing
C)internalizing
D)somatizing

Question 16

The most common offence committed by Canadian youth is

A)mischief.
B)drug violation.
C)theft under $5000.
D)homicide.

Question 17

Depression,anxiety,and eating disorders are among the more common _____ problems during adolescence.

A)externalizing
B)psychosomatic
C)internalizing
D)incurable

Question 18

In a study comparing Montreal and Toronto,over _______ of students in the schools in Toronto,and 7% in Montreal,knew someone who had brought a gun to school,and many students reported that they felt guns were a very or somewhat serious problem in school.

A)one-tenth
B)one-third
C)one-fifth
D)one-quarter

Question 19

Bias,long-term inequities,marginalization and severe family dysfunction are among the reasons why ______________youth are overrepresented in the youth justice system.

A)foreign-born (immigrant)
B)Canadian-born (immigrant)
C)black
D)Aboriginal

Question 20

Charlie is unpopular with most classmates because he picks fights.The chances are that he will

A)hang out with other aggressive guys,overestimate how antisocial they are,and try to live up to them by becoming even more aggressive.
B)realize he has a problem and try to learn how to make friends.
C)settle down once he gets a girlfriend.
D)pick a fight with someone tougher than him,get beaten,and become timid and withdrawn.

Question 21

_______is the single biggest preventable cause of death in Canada (Statistics Canada,2011).

A)Car crashes
B)Suicide
C)Cigarette smoking
D)Alcoholism

Question 22

Kate is very thin,intensely afraid of gaining weight,and convinced that any bite of food she takes will make her swell up like a balloon.She is probably suffering from

A)bulimia.
B)an oral fixation.
C)Barbie syndrome.
D)anorexia nervosa.

Question 23

The presence of guns in schools in Canada is much lower than in the United States due to the ______ legislation we do have in place.

A)zero tolerance
B)neighbourhood watch
C)violent student expulsion
D)gun control

Question 24

Victoria is sometimes overwhelmed by an urge to overeat.The only way she knows to stay at a normal weight is to make herself throw up after an eating binge.Victoria is probably suffering from

A)anorexia nervosa.
B)a weight fixation.
C)bulimia.
D)depression.

Question 25

Health Canada (2012),reported a finding that nearly ______% of youth aged 15 to 24 had used alcohol in the past year.

A)41
B)51
C)61
D)71

Question 26

Although 16- to 25-year-olds made up only 13.2% of Canada's population in 2006,in that year they made up _____% of alcohol-related crash fatalities (MADD,2012).

A)15.5
B)21.6
C)33.4
D)40

Question 27

While studying for an important exam,Julie asks a friend for a dose of a prescription drug that is rumored to focus attention.Julie's substance use in this case is _____ and _____.

A)recreational;licit
B)instrumental;illicit
C)instrumental;licit
D)recreational;illicit

Question 28

The percentage of students who had ridden with a driver who had been drinking ranged from 24% to _____% for Grade 12 students.

A)32
B)47
C)51
D)63

Question 29

Psychoactive substances that can lead to drug dependence include

A)alcohol.
B)nicotine.
C)opiates.
D)All of the above.

Question 30

Tiffany's health education teacher says that someone who smokes marijuana is more likely to go on more dangerous drugs such as heroin or cocaine.This is known as the _____ hypothesis.

A)gateway
B)get-away
C)high-way
D)sure-way

Question 31

While relatively few young women are diagnosed with clinical cases of bulimia,about _____ show some bulimic symptoms.

A)1 in 10
B)1 in 5
C)1 in 3
D)half

Question 32

_____,the major psychoactive substance in marijuana lingers in the body for several days

A)Nicotine
B)THC
C)Hemp resin
D)Hash

Question 33

Up to ______of Grade 12 students have been in a car driven by someone under the influence of marijuana.

A)30
B)40
C)50
D)60

Question 34

When Philippe tried to stop smoking,he got twitchy and very uncomfortable.The only way he found to relieve these symptoms was to light a cigarette.Philippe is experiencing the effects of

A)drug dependence.
B)lack of character strength.
C)drug withdrawal.
D)both A and C.

Question 35

The rate of alcohol consumption among Canadian students went from 3.4% of Grade 7 students to nearly _____% of Grade 12 students.

A)22
B)35
C)43
D)51

Question 36

In an eastern Canadian study 40% of Grade 8 girls reported

A)they are happy with their body proportions and weight.
B)they are overweight or obese.
C)they add more muscle than body fat during puberty.
D)they want to lose weight even though many were not overweight.

Question 37

Health Canada (2012)reported the use of marijuana decreased from ____% of youth aged 15 to 24 in 2004 to just _____ % in 2011.

A)18;15
B)25;18.1
C)37;21.6
D)42;23.5

Question 38

In one study,______smokers who were in treatment programs for drug abuse said it was much harder to quit smoking than to kick a drug habit (Koslowski et al. ,1989).

A)1 in 5
B)1 in 4
C)1 in 3
D)2 in 3

Question 39

Gus and a couple of friends meet in the parking lot every morning before school to share a hit of marijuana.This substance use is _____ and _____.

A)instrumental;licit
B)recreational;licit
C)recreational;illicit
D)instrumental;illicit

Question 40

In low doses,the first effect of alcohol is to depress the cerebral cortex.This weakens the ability of the cortex to control and inhibit behaviour,so people feel stimulated.However,alcohol is a

A)stimulant.
B)depressant.
C)booster.
D)enabler.

Question 41

The rates of suicide for Inuit youth are at ______ times the national average and are among the highest in the world (Health Canada,2012).

A)6
B)9
C)11
D)13

Question 42

The most common psychological disturbance among adolescents is

A)anorexia nervosa.
B)conduct disorder.
C)gender identity disorder.
D)depression.

Question 43

When Jerry found out that Cyndi was breaking up with him,he thought,"I knew I didn't have what it takes.I'll never find another girl like her.Who'd want somebody like me?" This sort of explanation is likely to lead to

A)learned helplessness
B)optimistic bias.
C)projection.
D)diathesis.

Question 44

Describe two major eating problems and discuss risk factors for them.

Question 45

The suicide rate for Aboriginal boys is about _____times higher than in the general Canadian population,and the rate for Aboriginal girls is _______ times as high (Health Canada,2012).

A)2;4
B)5;7
C)6;8
D)7;9

Question 46

What is the diathesis-stress model and what is it used to explain? Elaborate.

Question 47

What are the main risk factors for becoming involved in delinquency?

Question 48

One account of the development of depression is that it involves both an individual vulnerability or _____ and some circumstance or event that creates _____.

A)complex;sadness
B)weakness;strain
C)diathesis;stress
D)bias;pessimism

Question 49

Which of the following girls is at greatest risk for developing anorexia?

A)Tanya,whose family is Black and working class.
B)Felicity,whose family is White and upper middle class.
C)Maria,whose family is Hispanic and working class.
D)Alicia,whose family is Black and middle class.

Question 50

How widespread is substance use among Canadian teens? What substances are most widely used? What are the risk factors for substance use?

Question 51

Children of depressed parents are more likely to become depressed themselves.This indicates that depression is caused by _____ factors.

A)genetic
B)biological
C)familial and experiential
D)Any or all of the above.

Question 52

Corey complains that nothing is worth the effort of doing it.He spends a lot of time in bed,has no appetite for meals,and says he's sure it'll be this way forever.Corey fits the description of someone suffering from

A)stress syndrome.
B)adolescent growth complex.
C)depression.
D)hedonic boredom.

Question 53

Explain the distinction between externalizing and internalizing problems.How are these linked to emotional controls? Are there gender differences in the rate of these problems? If so,why might that be?

Question 54

Girls are _____ likely to attempt suicide than boys,and boys are _____ likely to die from suicide than girls.

A)less;more
B)more;less
C)less;less
D)much more;much more

Question 55

During childhood,boys and girls are equally likely to experience _____,but in adolescence this becomes much more common among girls than among boys.

A)depression
B)aggressive impulses
C)body satisfaction
D)sexual feelings