Deck 10: Intimacy

Question 1

Friendships between peers first become a feature of social interactions

A)during elementary school.
B)in the preschool years.
C)with the approach of puberty.
D)during early adolescence.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Research on adolescent friendships most closely confirms the saying that

A)"The apple never falls far from the tree."
B)"Birds of a feather flock together."
C)"Opposites attract."
D)"As the twig is bent,so grows the tree."

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Through the process of _____,friends tend to become more similar in their tastes,interests,and attitudes.

A)selection
B)acclimation
C)socialization
D)optimization

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Tenderness,companionship,and acceptance are psychological needs that are typical of different stages of childhood according to

A)Anna Freud.
B)Erik Erikson.
C)Lev Vygotsky.
D)Harry Stack Sullivan.

Question 5

From Bowlby's viewpoint,a teen who very much wants close relationships but undermines them through overinvolvement and demandingness is likely as a baby to have had a(n)_____ attachment to parents.

A)secure
B)anxious-ambivalent
C)dismissing
D)anxious-avoidant

Question 6

_____ is a crucial feature of close friendships that emerges in early adolescence.

A)Having mutual interests
B)Liking the same kinds of jokes
C)Self-disclosure
D)All of the above.

Question 7

The theory of _____ focuses on the stages in the development of interpersonal needs.

A)Erik Erikson
B)Lawrence Kohlberg
C)Harry Stack Sullivan
D)Edward Deci

Question 8

By the late elementary school years the qualities that are important to friendships come to include

A)shared values.
B)loyalty.
C)mutual support.
D)All of the above.

Question 9

Through the process of _____,teens who have similar interests and attitudes tend to become friends.

A)assimilation
B)socialization
C)intellectualization
D)selection

Question 10

Broadly speaking,_____ sees a sense of identity as a precondition for true intimacy,and _____ sees intimate relationships as contributing to the development of a sense of identity.

A)Erikson;Sullivan
B)Sullivan;Bowlby
C)Bowlby;Erikson
D)Sullivan;Erikson

Question 11

For Sullivan,the close friendships that develop in preadolescence are a child's first experience of an intimate relationship based on

A)familial ties.
B)an exchange between equals.
C)dominance hierarchies.
D)age stratification.

Question 12

In Sullivan's view,the characteristics and interpersonal skills that develop in the context of close preadolescent same-sex friendships

A)become irrelevant in the world of adolescent peer relationships.
B)get in the way of intimate relationships with other-sex peers.
C)are essential for achieving close romantic and sexual relationships later on.
D)are more critical for girls than for boys.

Question 13

The term "intimacy" is generally used to refer to

A)sexual relationships.
B)romantic involvements.
C)close friendships.
D)All of the above.

Question 14

According to Bowlby,the _____ formed in infancy continue to affect the expectations children and adolescents hold for relationships with others.

A)cathexes
B)accommodations
C)operant responses
D)working models

Question 15

For Erikson,the psychosocial crisis of _____ is the major challenge of the young adult years.

A)identity vs.role confusion
B)autonomy vs.shame and doubt
C)intimacy vs.isolation
D)integrity vs.despair

Question 16

According to Sullivan,the preadolescent years see the emergence of the need for a close same-sex friend,or what Sullivan calls a

A)buddy.
B)bro.
C)chum.
D)pal.

Question 17

Research based on Bowlby's approach indicates that teens who have _____ their parents are likely to have _____ with peers.

A)more distance from;closer friendships
B)secure attachments to;more distant relationships
C)secure attachments to;closer friendships
D)conflicts with;more dependent relationships

Question 18

"Only someone who has already achieved a clear sense of his or her own identity can be expected to develop a truly intimate relationship with another person." This statement most closely reflects the viewpoint of

A)Erik Erikson.
B)John Bowlby.
C)Harry Stack Sullivan.
D)James Marcia.

Question 19

A unique feature of intimate preadolescent friendships,for Sullivan,is

A)the chance to see oneself through the eyes of another who knows and likes one well.
B)the feeling of being comfortable without any pressure for self-disclosure.
C)the knowledge that each person in the relationship is better at some activity than the other.
D)the absence of physical contact.

Question 20

An important reason that intimate friendships become more possible during adolescence is that

A)cognitive changes make teens better able to understand another person's thoughts and feelings.
B)secondary school offers more sustained contact with fellow students than elementary school.
C)parents put more effort into fostering friendships for teenagers than for younger children.
D)the limited range of interests among teens makes it more likely they will have interests in common.

Question 21

Over the course of adolescence _____% of Canadian adolescents have been had at least one romantic relationship.

A)25
B)50
C)70
D)90

Question 22

Most adolescent romantic relationships come to an end

A)because of interference from parents or friends.
B)gradually,as the partners come to agree they are no longer in love.
C)when one partner rejects the other.
D)when the partners have to separate for the summer or to go to different schools.

Question 23

Talia,12,is convinced that Roberto is the most amazing person on earth.She talks about him all the time with her closest friend and has scratched his name into her desktop at home.Yesterday she filched the paper napkin from his tray at lunch and tucked it in her diary.The only time they have spoken was once when she bumped into him in the hall and he said,"Oh,sorry." Talia's situation fits the description of a(n)

A)delusion.
B)infatuation.
C)committed relationship.
D)positive working model.

Question 24

In some countries,boys and girls go to different schools from early childhood on.They use separate sports facilities as well.Any contact between adolescent boys and girls is either forbidden or strictly supervised.Ford and Beach would describe these societies as

A)puritanical.
B)separatist.
C)restrictive.
D)semi-restrictive.

Question 25

Before age 16,about _____% of Canadian adolescents have experienced sexual intercourse.

A)10
B)30
C)50+
D)85

Question 26

High quality friendships

A)offer some protection against being bullied and becoming depressed.
B)are found only among teens with very high self-esteem.
C)are more likely to be affected by daily ups and downs.
D)tend to prevent teens from making other friends.

Question 27

Sexual activity among Western teens

A)has become the norm.
B)is much higher than in Western Europe.
C)has been greatly reduced by the popularity of virginity pledges.
D)occurs mostly in poorer,less educated neighbourhoods.

Question 28

Close friends sometimes discuss problems and negative feelings over and over,in a process known as

A)overdwelling.
B)amplification.
C)co-rumination.
D)martyrization.

Question 29

In Sternberg's "triangular" theory of love,the basic components are

A)intimacy,passion,and commitment.
B)faith,hope,and charity.
C)id,ego,and superego.
D)sensation,perception,and integration.

Question 30

Gabe generally gets along well with his parents and has several close friends.Recently he became involved in a romantic relationship.Research suggests that

A)his experiences dealing with friends will not be of much help.
B)his attachment to his parents will get in the way of his new romance.
C)he and his new partner will probably have an intimate and gratifying experience.
D)romance is so mysterious that no one can predict what will happen.

Question 31

Ann and Bob know that they are not supposed to have sex,but they also know that their parents and others will ignore their sexual involvement unless forced to notice it.According to Ford and Beach,Ann and Bob live in a _____ society.

A)permissive
B)hypocritical
C)restrictive
D)semi-restrictive

Question 32

The custom of adolescent dating

A)is common in Western Europe as well as North America.
B)has become nearly universal because of globalization.
C)is found mostly in the United States and Canada.
D)is disappearing as teens come to prefer group activities.

Question 33

For many boys,and perhaps for girls as well,their earliest adolescent sexual experience takes the form of

A)mutual stimulation or "heavy petting."
B)masturbation.
C)oral sex.
D)intercourse.

Question 34

As a child,Naomi was usually the only one in the class with her ethnic background.She was also small for her age.As a result,she was often excluded or ignored by the other kids.Now,as a teen,she is often told how attractive she is.Based on the concept of rejection sensitivity,she is likely to think,

A)"The past is the past,and now is now."
B)"They're all just after something,and once they get it,they'll drop me."
C)"It's just like the story of the Ugly Duckling,and that had a happy ending too."
D)"Now I can get back at all those kids who were so mean to me."

Question 35

Having a close opposite-sex friend

A)is common by mid-adolescence.
B)is rare during childhood.
C)is considered rewarding,especially by adolescent boys.
D)All of the above.

Question 36

By age 18,roughly _____% of Canadian adolescents have experienced sexual intercourse.

A)55
B)65
C)85
D)88

Question 37

Romantic relationships are linked to the brain systems and neurochemicals involved with

A)attachment.
B)passion.
C)sexual gratification.
D)All of the above.

Question 38

Jim and Faizal are close friends,but Jim tends to boss Faizal around and make nasty cracks to others about Faizal's cluelessness in sports and with girls.A social scientist would probably say that Jim and Faizal have

A)gender-role issues.
B)a low-quality friendship.
C)sibling rivalry.
D)negative working models.

Question 39

Jameeran and Yassin know each other very well and feel a strong mutual attraction,but have not entered into any commitments.Sternberg would say that they are experiencing _____ love.

A)fatuous
B)companionate
C)consummate
D)romantic

Question 40

Indira and Raj have been serious about each other for a while,but after Indira saw Raj chatting with another girl,she picked a fight and broke up with him.Indira is most likely a victim of

A)male double-dealing.
B)an unscrupulous rival.
C)loosened standards of fidelity.
D)rejection sensitivity.

Question 41

The most widespread sexually transmitted infection among Canadian adolescents is

A)human papilloma virus (HPV).
B)gonorrhea.
C)genital herpes.
D)HIV/AIDS.

Question 42

One of the strongest predictors for initiating sexual intercourse is

A)conflicts with parents who disapprove of adolescent sex.
B)having friends who approve of sex and are sexually active.
C)not being exposed to sexual abstinence messages in school.
D)being offered free condoms by government agencies.

Question 43

Evidence suggests that adolescent sexual- minority orientation is linked to

A)genetic factors.
B)prenatal hormones.
C)childhood experiences.
D)All of the above.

Question 44

Adolescents say that the following are attractive features of oral sex,except

A)curiosity.
B)promoting greater intimacy with a romantic partner.
C)fewer health risks than vaginal sex.
D)parental encouragement.

Question 45

What special problems are faced by sexual minority adolescents? Can you suggest any measures that might relieve these problems?

Question 46

What factors predict which teens will become friends,and what are the benefits and risks of such friendships?

Question 47

Compared to adolescents in other developed countries,the rate of sexual activity among Canadian adolescents is _____ and the rate of pregnancies is _____.

A)about the same;about the same
B)much lower;much lower
C)about the same;much lower
D)higher;about the same

Question 48

Canadian girls are reporting that the average age for both intercourse and oral sex initiation was about _______ years,and _______% of them had engaged in oral sex prior to intercourse.

A)16;26
B)17;27
C)18;28
D)13;30

Question 49

Canada has a mandate for comprehensive sexual health education programs for all students,designed to focus on three of the following,except

A)biological aspects of puberty.
B)sexual behaviour.
C)abstinence from sexual activity.
D)contraception and safer sexual practices.

Question 50

The textbook linked the following factors to beginning intercourse earlier,except

A)ethnicity.
B)neighbourhood characteristics.
C)school underachievement.
D)involvement in other risk behaviours,such as alcohol and drug use.

Question 51

Which of the following is not among the findings of the Eagle Canada Human Rights Trust regarding GLBTQ students?

A)10% of GLBTQ students reported hearing homophobic remarks from teachers daily or weekly
B)33 to 49% of GLBTQ students had been sexually harassed in the last year
C)21% of GLBTQ students had been physically harassed or assaulted due to their sexual orientation
D)64% of GLBTQ students felt unsafe at school

Question 52

Unlike Canadian teens,American teens are more likely to become pregnant because of three of the following,except

A)less likelihood of using contraceptive.
B)more sexually active.
C)a more permissive societal attitude towards sex.
D)unplanned sexual activity.

Question 53

Discuss the factors that differentiate among sexually restrictive,semi-restrictive,and permissive societies.How would you categorize contemporary Canadian society? Justify your response with examples.

Question 54

Describe how friendship changes from childhood into adolescence.How do the ideas of Harry Stack Sullivan fit with your description?

Question 55

Describe the development during adolescence of (a)dating;and (b)romance.