Deck 35: Structural Support and Movement

Question 1

Figure 35.5

What type of skeleton is found in an earthworm,as illustrated in the accompanying figure?  

A) Cartilaginous
B) Bone
C) Hydrostatic
D) Chitinous
E) Exoskeleton

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Figure 35.9B


- Refers to the figure above of a section through boneDense connective tissue is indicated by the letter ____.  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the name of the area where bones meet and interact?  

A) Joint
B) Ligament
C) Osteoblast
D) Bony matrix
E) Connective tissue

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The axial skeleton includes which of the following?  

A) Phalanges
B) Ribs
C) Femur
D) Ulna
E) Metatarsals

Question 5

Which of the following does NOT have an exoskeleton?  

A) lobsters
B) spiders
C) insects
D) earthworms
E) centipedes

Question 6

Which of the following is an internal framework of hard parts?  

A) Endoskeleton
B) Vertebral column
C) Intervertebral disk
D) Hydrostatic skeleton
E) Exoskeleton

Question 7

Red muscle fibers contain an abundance of _____ for aerobic respiration.  

A) myosin
B) indentations
C) myofibrils
D) sarcomeres
E) myoglobin

Question 8

The _____________includes bones of the limbs or fins,which are connected to the body's main axis by the pectoral and pelvic girdles.  

A) axial skeleton
B) appendicular skeleton
C) endoskeleton
D) hydrostatic skeleton
E) exoskeleton

Question 9

Figure 35.9B


- Refers to the figure above of a section through boneDA blood vessel is indicated by the letter ____.  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true about the flight muscles of a fly?  

A) They are attached underneath the cuticle.
B) They are attached to the wings directly.
C) They pull the wings down when the vertical muscles contract.
D) They change the shape of the thorax.
E) They pull the wings up when the longitudinal muscles contract.

Question 11

Figure 35.9A


- Refers to the figure above of a human femur Spongy bone is indicated by the letter ____.  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 12

Which type of skeleton is found in a sea stars?  

A) Cartilaginous
B) Exoskeleton
C) Hydrostatic
D) Chitinous
E) Endoskeleton

Question 13

The flight muscles of a fly are attached to its _______________..  

A) endoskeleton
B) axial skeleton
C) hydrostatic skeleton
D) vertebrae
E) exoskeleton

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a cartilaginous joint?  

A) Ulna connected to the tibia
B) Humerus connected to the scapula
C) Leg bone connected to the hip bone
D) Teeth connected to the jaw
E) Two vertebrae connected together

Question 15

A sheath of connective tissue that encloses each skeletal muscles is known as _____.  

A) cartilage
B) a ligament
C) a sphincter
D) a joint
E) a tendon

Question 16

In an earthworm's _________,fluid-filled internal chambers receive coordinated forces of circular and longitudinal muscle contraction to effect movement.  

A) Appendicular skeleton
B) Endoskeleton
C) Axial skeleton
D) Hydrostatic skeleton
E) Exoskeleton

Question 17

Which of the following is properly matched?  

A) Osteoblasts and bone breakdown
B) Osteocytes and initial bone formation
C) Osteoclasts and initial bone formation
D) Osteoclasts and bone breakdown
E) Osteoblasts and cartilage formation

Question 18

The knee is an example of a ____.  

A) cartilaginous joint
B) ligament
C) meniscus
D) synovial joint
E) fibrous joint

Question 19

For an animal to move in one direction,its muscles must do all of the following except  

A) exert a force in the opposite direction.
B) overcome the effects of friction.
C) exert a force in the same direction.
D) overcome the effects of gravity.
E) spend energy.

Question 20

What results when the rate of bone loss exceeds bone formation?  

A) Graves' disease
B) Osteoporosis
C) Hashimoto's disease
D) Osteoarthritis
E) Polio

Question 21

When a sarcomere is at rest,the myosin binding sites on actin are blocked by _____.  

A) phosphorous
B) sodium
C) tropomyosin
D) the myosin heads
E) AMP

Question 22

Action potentials traveling down the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber will next reach the _____ after leaving the T tubules.  

A) mitochondria
B) neuromuscular junction
C) cytoskeletal system
D) sarcoplasmic reticulum
E) endomembrane system

Question 23

During muscle contractions,____.  

A) the sarcomeres lengthen
B) the actin and myosin filaments slide in the same direction
C) the actin filaments move toward the middle of the sarcomere
D) the muscle fibers elongate
E) the muscle fibers are motionless

Question 24

Energized myosin heads bind to actin only when ____ binds to troponin.  

A) myosin
B) AMP
C) calcium
D) ATP
E) sodium

Question 25

Prolonged sitting decreases production of _____,which facilitates removal of harmful lipids from the blood.  

A) lactase
B) ADP
C) ATP
D) lipoprotein lipase
E) phosphates

Question 26

Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below. Answers may be used more than once or not at all.
a.clavicle
b.lumbar vertebra
c.tibia
d.phalanges
e.Metacarpal
This bone transfers force from the arms to the axial skeleton.

Question 27

Which of the following are called bone-building cells and secrete the components of the matrix?

A) Red marrow
B) Osteoblasts
C) Osteocytes
D) Osteoclasts
E) Yellow marrow

Question 28

Which of the following are the most abundant cells in adult bones?  

A) Osteocytes
B) Osteoblasts
C) Red marrow
D) Osteoclasts
E) Yellow marrow

Question 29

Birds and fishes overcome gravitational forces primarily through their ________.  

A) body shape and density
B) lubricating secretions
C) smooth outer covering
D) textured surface
E) reduced surface area in contact with the ground

Question 30

Which of these occurs during vigorous exercise?  

A) Glycolysis
B) Actin depletion
C) Lactate fermentation
D) Glycogen buildup
E) Creatine phosphate formation

Question 31

An immediate source of energy for exercising muscle cells is _____.  

A) creatine phosphate
B) aerobic respiration
C) anaerobic respiration
D) fermentation
E) glycolysis

Question 32

Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below. Answers may be used more than once or not at all.
a.clavicle
b.lumbar vertebra
c.tibia
d.phalanges
e.Metacarpal
This bone is not part of the appendicular skeleton.

Question 33

Figure 35.15


-The structure indicated by the letter "C" above represents ____.  

A) thin filament
B) myofibril
C) thick filament
D) myofilament
E) muscle fiber

Question 34

Skeletal muscle cells are not typical cells because ____.  

A) groups of them fuse in the embryo to form multinucleated fibers
B) they are smooth
C) they are hydrostatic
D) they do not respond to stimuli
E) they operate independently from all other body systems

Question 35

Figure 35.15


-The structure indicated by the letter "B" above represents ____.  

A) thin filament
B) myofibril
C) myosin
D) thick filament
E) muscle fiber

Question 36

The mechanical force generated by a contracting muscle is called influenced by the number of muscle fibers in_____.  

A) a motor unit
B) muscle tension
C) a motor neuron
D) the energizing of myosin molecules
E) the action potential

Question 37

What are cells that break down the matrix by secreting acids and enzymes and play a role in bone remodeling and repair?  

A) Osteocytes
B) Yellow marrow
C) Osteoclasts
D) Osteocytes
E) Red marrow

Question 38

Figure 35.17

The structure indicated by the letter "B" above represents _____.  

A) actin
B) a myofibril
C) myosin
D) the sarcoplasmic reticulum
E) a muscle fiber

Question 39

The contractile unit of a muscle is the ____.  

A) sarcomere
B) myosin head
C) phosphate group
D) myofibril
E) actin filaments

Question 40

Aerobic training ____.  

A) makes skeletal muscles more resistant to fatigue
B) promotes break down of actin and myosin
C) is fueled mostly by creatine phosphate
D) produces muscle fibers that fatigue quickly
E) makes skeletal muscles become rigid and stiff

Question 41

Match each description to its correct term.
a.Z line
b.ATP
c.mitochondria
d.actin
e.sarcomeres
f.phosphate group
g.myofibrils
h.smooth muscle
i.thick filaments
j.myosin
k.Sphincter
consist of myosin,a motor protein with a clublike head and a long tail

Question 42

Each segment in an earthworm contains _________muscle that makes each segment longer and narrower when it contracts.

Question 43

Match each description to its correct term.
a.Z line
b.ATP
c.mitochondria
d.actin
e.sarcomeres
f.phosphate group
g.myofibrils
h.smooth muscle
i.thick filaments
j.myosin
k.Sphincter
substance that binds to the thick-filament head causing it to release thin filament and return to its low-energy state

Question 44

Answer the following questions with reference to the joints listed below.
a.fibrous joint
b.cartilaginous joint
c.synovial joint
Fluid filled space in this joint provides lubrication.

Question 45

Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below. Answers may be used more than once or not at all.
a.clavicle
b.lumbar vertebra
c.tibia
d.phalanges
e.Metacarpal
 This is a toe bone.

Question 46

Answer the following questions with reference to the joints listed below.
a.fibrous joint
b.cartilaginous joint
c.synovial joint
Dense connective tissue holds bones in place.

Question 47

Match each description to its correct term.
a.Z line
b.ATP
c.mitochondria
d.actin
e.sarcomeres
f.phosphate group
g.myofibrils
h.smooth muscle
i.thick filaments
j.myosin
k.Sphincter
a mesh of cytoskeletal elements that attach the sarcomere to its surrounding components

Question 48

Answer the following questions with reference to the joints listed below.
a.fibrous joint
b.cartilaginous joint
c.synovial joint
Examples are the joints connecting skull bones.

Question 49

Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below. Answers may be used more than once or not at all.
a.clavicle
b.lumbar vertebra
c.tibia
d.phalanges
e.Metacarpal
This bone connects to the femur.

Question 50

Match each description to its correct term.
a.Z line
b.ATP
c.mitochondria
d.actin
e.sarcomeres
f.phosphate group
g.myofibrils
h.smooth muscle
i.thick filaments
j.myosin
k.Sphincter
this protein repeatedly binds,moves,and releases an adjacent thin filament causing a muscle to contract

Question 51

Match each description to its correct term.
a.Z line
b.ATP
c.mitochondria
d.actin
e.sarcomeres
f.phosphate group
g.myofibrils
h.smooth muscle
i.thick filaments
j.myosin
k.Sphincter
contractile units of muscle

Question 52

Match each description to its correct term.
a.Z line
b.ATP
c.mitochondria
d.actin
e.sarcomeres
f.phosphate group
g.myofibrils
h.smooth muscle
i.thick filaments
j.myosin
k.Sphincter
threadlike protein structures consisting of contractile units arranged end to end; comprises the bulk of the muscle fiber

Question 53

Match each description to its correct term.
a.Z line
b.ATP
c.mitochondria
d.actin
e.sarcomeres
f.phosphate group
g.myofibrils
h.smooth muscle
i.thick filaments
j.myosin
k.Sphincter
component of thin filaments

Question 54

Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below. Answers may be used more than once or not at all.
a.clavicle
b.lumbar vertebra
c.tibia
d.phalanges
e.Metacarpal
A cartilage disk separates units of this bone.

Question 55

Match each description to its correct term.
a.Z line
b.ATP
c.mitochondria
d.actin
e.sarcomeres
f.phosphate group
g.myofibrils
h.smooth muscle
i.thick filaments
j.myosin
k.Sphincter
supply the ATP necessary for muscle contraction

Question 56

Match each description to its correct term.
a.Z line
b.ATP
c.mitochondria
d.actin
e.sarcomeres
f.phosphate group
g.myofibrils
h.smooth muscle
i.thick filaments
j.myosin
k.Sphincter
cross-bridge is formed between thick and thin filaments following the release of this substance from ATP bound to myosin

Question 57

Answer the following questions with reference to the joints listed below.
a.fibrous joint
b.cartilaginous joint
c.synovial joint
Examples are the joints that connect the ribs to the sternum.

Question 58

Match each description to its correct term.
a.Z line
b.ATP
c.mitochondria
d.actin
e.sarcomeres
f.phosphate group
g.myofibrils
h.smooth muscle
i.thick filaments
j.myosin
k.Sphincter
consists of sarcomeres that are not aligned

Question 59

ring of muscle that controls the opening of a tubular organ

A)Z line
B)ATP
C)mitochondria
D)actin
E)sarcomeres
F)phosphate group
G)myofibrils
H)smooth muscle
I)thick filaments
J)myosin
K)Sphincter

Question 60

Answer the following questions with reference to the joints listed below.
a.fibrous joint
b.cartilaginous joint
c.synovial joint
Allows for a variety of movements (for example,ball-and-socket joints).

Question 61

Some bones have __________ that makes blood cells.

Question 62

The spinal cord runs through,and is protected by,the __________.

Question 63

Skeletal muscles act by _______________.  

A) pulling on bones in opposing pairs.
B) pushing and pulling on bones in antagonistic pairs.
C) pulling on other muscles in a coordinated fashion.
D) contraction against a fluid-filled cavity.
E) functioning as a lever.

Question 64

White muscle fibers primarily use ____________ to make ATP.  

A) myoglobin
B) lactate
C) oxygen
D) mitochondria
E) aerobic respiration

Question 65

The __________ is the pelvic girdle,pectoral girdle,and paired limbs.

Question 66

A(n)__________ consists of hardened parts inside the body.

Question 67

The __________ consists of skull bones,a vertebral column (backbone),and a rib cage.

Question 68

__________ are cells that synthesize bone,whereas __________ break down bone matrix.

Question 69

A(n)__________ consists of hardened parts at the body surface.

Question 70

Signals from the _____excite motor neurons,resulting in action potentials in muscle fibers.

Question 71

Cords of dense,regular connective tissue holding a synovial joint together are called _______.  

A) ligaments
B) tendon
C) joint
D) sphincter
E) skeletal muscle

Question 72

In muscles,aerobic respiration uses glucose derived from stored glycogen as energy source for the first ten minutes of activity; after over half an hour,_____________ becomes the main fuel source.  

A) lactate
B) fatty acid
C) myoglobin
D) protein
E) blood glucose