Deck 14: Middle Adulthood: Physical, Cognitive, Social and Personality Growth

Question 1

Which of the following is not considered a disadvantage of child care outside the home, according to Australian parents?

A) Children are more vulnerable to illness and accidental injury.
B) Children are less able to amuse themselves when alone.
C) Children learn bad habits.
D) Children experience unusual social interactions.

Answer 1

Children experience unusual social interactions.

Question 2

Antill and Cotton (1987) found that the lowest level of satisfaction with marriage for females was when their husband scored highest in ______________ sex- role orientation. The most satisfaction was reported when the husband scored highest in ______________ sex- role orientation.

A) androgynous; masculine
B) undifferentiated; feminine
C) undifferentiated; masculine
D) masculine; feminine

Answer 2

undifferentiated; feminine

Question 3

During Havighurst's (1964) ____________________________ phase, the worker is preoccupied not only with mastering vocational skills and ascending the career ladder in the direction of higher occupational status, success and seniority, but also with an inward struggle to stabilise his or her vocational self- definition and to gain a better understanding of personal talents and incapacities.

Answer 3

becoming a productive person

Question 4

Which of the following stages is in Levinson's (1986) era of middle adulthood?

A) Culminating life structure for middle adulthood
B) Age 40 transition
C) Mid- life transition
D) All of the above

Question 5

According Anderson et al. (1983), in which of the following areas do husbands and wives report an increase after 15 to 20 years of marriage?

A) Affection
B) Personal happiness
C) Overall satisfaction with marriage
D) Marital happiness

Question 6

At what age does the female brain weigh more than the male brain?

A) 30 years
B) 12 years
C) 65 years
D) Never

Question 7

The ______________or (______________) theory of leisure suggests that workers select recreational activities that offer satisfactions which they cannot access via their job.

Question 8

At what age is there typically an increase in systolic blood pressure due to decreasing elasticity of blood vessels?

A) 35 years
B) 45 years
C) 30 years
D) 40 years

Question 9

Between the ages of 20 and 60, employed adults typically spend ______________ of their waking hours on their job.

A) 50%
B) 25%
C) 33%
D) 40%

Question 10

Which of the following is true about couples with children as compared to their childless counterparts?

A) They share more recreational activities.
B) They have more chance to talk together.
C) They spend less time on household chores.
D) None of the above

Question 11

Arlin's (1990) problem finding, post formal operational, cognitive developmental stage is best defined as:

A) creative 'problem finding' in dilemmas that are ill- defined while generating multiple solutions.
B) perceiving fundamental contradictions in everyday dilemmas and discovering higher- order syntheses to solve dynamic problems in a changing universe.
C) specialised and highly pragmatic reasoning about practical real- world problems.
D) adopting a problem- focused cognitive schema when dealing with unusual stimuli.

Question 12

Antill and Cotton (1987) found that husbands and wives who scored higher in ______________ sex- role orientations on Sandra Bem's (1975) androgyny measure communicated more intimately and effectively. They were consequently happier with their marriage.

Question 13

Almost ______________ of two- parent households where there are dependent children now have both spouses in the labour force.

Question 14

For individuals over 35 years of age, their breathing capacity or maximum oxygen uptake ______________

Question 15

Husbands and wives who have been married for five to 10 years encounter a/an ______________ in marital satisfaction, whether or not they have children, although parenting adds independently to the severity of the decline in marital quality.

Question 16

Couples who have children spend less time in intimate husband- wife interaction and more time on ______________ than child- free couples.

Question 17

Cole (2010) found that with extended practice in a socially supportive club setting, adult abacus experts ____________________________cognitive skills in mental arithmetic.

Question 18

According to Hyde (2007), there is ______________ evidence that women score higher than men in language skills such as reading, speech, comprehension, grammar or literary understanding.

Question 19

One way of resolving the ______________ crisis is to drop out of the old career and embark on a new and totally different line of work.

Question 20

The struggle to devote oneself full time to a career and to a family can be a source of stress and frustration , leading to ______________, or the feeling that one has neither time nor energy enough to do either job properly.

Question 21

For individuals aged 35 to 40 years there is a loss of muscle tissue, reducing strength, especially for bursts of speed.

Question 22

Love- match couples are more likely than those who marry by arrangement to weather the middle years of marriage without experiencing disenchantment.

Question 23

From the age of 45 and onwards, males agree that 'sexual satisfaction is important to my present quality of life' ______________ often than females.

Question 24

According to Feeney et al. (1994), approximately one- third of Australian wives felt exploited in regards to domestic rewards and contributions during the childrearing and launching stages.

Question 25

Levinson (1986) devised a theory of career development that subdivides working life into nine stages.

Question 26

Colcombe et al. (2006), found that physical exercise could not serve to enrich and enhance the functioning of the adult brain in areas such as executive functioning skills.

Question 27

fMRI studies by study by Wang (2007) found that male and female brains reacted differently to mild levels of cognitive and emotional stress. Male brains had increased blood flow in the right prefrontal cortex and decreased flow in the left prefrontal cortex during stress. Females during the same stressful cognitive task had changes in blood flow in the limbic system.

Question 28

Patterson (2008; 1995) found that lesbian women who had children regularly managed an exactly equal division of childrearing responsibility.

Question 29

Hall's (2002) employment theory builds on ideas put forward by Super and Levinson but highlights the uncertain and changing nature of the world of work that individuals have in front of them in the 21st century.

Question 30

The activism phase of Havighurst's 'maintaining a productive society' stage involves setting aside one's own personal striving for recognition, promotion or monetary rewards in favour of contributions that will serve others and be maintained apart from one's own career.

Question 31

Maslach and Leiter (2008) discovered that the two early warning signals of impending burnout are exhaustion and cynicism.

Question 32

In a study of employed Australian adults, Smart and Peterson (1997) discovered that progress through Super's (1990) stages of career development was slower for adults who had voluntarily given up one career in order to embark on a second career that was very different from the first.

Question 33

According to Myers (2000), the percentage of individuals who are married and are happy is less than that of their peers who have never married.