Deck 12: Adolescence: Social, Personality and Relationship Development in a Nutshell

Question 1

According to Ford et al. (1995), the strongest predictor of adolescent smoking is:

A) having a strong attachment to a social sub- group.
B) having a parent who smoked.
C) watching televised spots.
D) lack of knowledge of adverse health effects.

Answer 1

having a parent who smoked.

Question 2

As they grow older, adolescents become less willing to accept _____________ about their recreational activities, clothes, hairstyle and selection of friends.

Answer 2

parental advice

Question 3

According to Jane Kroger (1983), New Zealand teenagers at age 11 had _____________ disputes with their parents than their peers in the United States and were _____________ negative about their families.

Answer 3

fewer; less

Question 4

In relation to youth suicide in Australia, which of the following is true?

A) There has been a trend away from using firearms.
B) Rural teenagers are more likely than urban teenagers to commit suicide.
C) Anglo Australians are more likely to commit suicide than Indigenous Australians.
D) Both A and B are true.

Question 5

Most teenagers hope for _____________ autonomy over their substance use decisions than their parents deem appropriate.

Question 6

According to Mulroney (2003), _____________ percent of adult women in married or de facto relationships have experienced violence at some time in the relationship, and _____________ percent of those who separate from a violent partner continue to experience violence during the separation.

A) 28; 40
B) 15; 25
C) 23; 35
D) 20; 45

Question 7

_____________ regulate an individual boy or girl's development of both sexuality and heterosexual friendship.

Question 8

A 2007 Mission Australia survey of more than 27 000 Australian young people aged 15 to 19 showed that family arguments were the _____________ highest source of worry and concern reported by these young people.

Question 9

Aristotle proposed a typology of three distinct kinds of friends. Which of the following is not included?

A) Casual friends
B) Adversarial friends
C) True friends
D) Congenial business partners

Question 10

Scott et al. (1991) found that in cultures like Taiwan and Japan, parents are often more autocratic than their counterparts in the United States, and yet Japan and Taiwan produced _____________ adjusted adolescents.

Question 11

During _____________ , same- sex friendship is likely to assume greater importance than the parent- child relationship or dating a member of the opposite sex.

Question 12

The Australian adolescents who were studied by Noller and her colleagues (1995; 2001) tended to develop approaches to dealing with conflicts that were the exact opposite of the way their parents resolve marital disputes.

Question 13

In the separation of intense emotional attachment to their parents, adolescents may:

A) develop a temporary emotional attachment to someone outside the family, often an older 'mentor' or teacher.
B) become emotionally attached to 'demagogues'.
C) develop an attachment to individuals possessing personality attributes exactly opposite to their parents.
D) All of the above.

Question 14

Boys are typically granted _____________ autonomy earlier, despite their two- year delay behind girls in pubertal biological maturation.

A) less
B) equal
C) more
D) None of the above are correct.

Question 15

The adolescent who retains an intense attachment for a parent throughout the upheavals of pubertal physical growth and the social transition into adult life is in the most dangerous position of all, according to _____________ .

Question 16

According to Moffitt (2005), _____________ parenting stands out for its links with major psychological problems, including psychopathic tendencies and elevated risks of serious forms of delinquency such as theft, arson, carrying a weapon and being in trouble with the police.

A) authoritarian
B) disengaged
C) uninvolved
D) indifferent

Question 17

Hazan and Zeifman (1994) found that peers increasingly become the targets of secure base attachment for adolescents as they grow older. The rates increase from _____________ percent for ages 12- 14 to _____________ percent for ages 15- 17.

A) 12; 36
B) 35; 44
C) 18; 42
D) 27; 57

Question 18

Across the age period from 15 to 24, suicide was ranked as the _____________ highest killer of males and the _____________ most common cause of death among females in Australia (Kosky, 1987).

Question 19

Compared with Australian teenagers whose parent and step- parent were both authoritative in control, the children of disengaged parent dyads were _____________ or _____________ times more likely to report committing petty and violent crimes.

Question 20

Democratic parenting is most likely to lead to which of the following behaviours in adolescents?

A) Sound academic achievement but low self- reliance and low to moderate self- esteem, and low drug use.
B) Sound academic achievement, high social competence, high self- esteem and low drug use.
C) Sound academic and social competence coupled with high drug use and other antisocial acts.
D) High drug use, medium- to- low social and academic competence, and poor self- esteem.

Question 21

Teenagers who spend almost every minute of their spare time in the company of others are found to score lower in adjustment and well- being than peers who make judicious use of solitude.

Question 22

Many adolescents interpret parental involvement in the emancipation process as an act of unloving rejection.

Question 23

Household roles for children and adolescents are frequently gender- segregated.

Question 24

According to Youniss (1983), agreement between parent and adolescent enhances cognition by displaying multiple conflicting views of social situations and motivating resolution of differences.

Question 25

Adolescents from authoritarian homes tend to be conforming, dependent and submissive, while authoritatively reared teenagers are inclined to be independent, assertive and outgoing, as well as sometimes rebellious, disobedient and disrespectful.

Question 26

According to Rosenthal (1982), more individuality is tolerated in Greek and Italian families, with greater stress on personal freedom. In Anglo- Australian families, adolescents are subjected to more authoritarian, parent- centred control, with greater expectations that they will fit in or conform to family demands.

Question 27

Parents' efforts and example are important in protecting their offspring from drug abuse. Young people with warm and open relationships with their parents rarely engage in illicit drug use, even in the face of strong peer pressure to experiment.

Question 28

According to Avery and Winokur (1978), there were 20 suicide attempts for every official recorded death by suicide among Western Australian girls.

Question 29

According to Mahbub ul Haq (2000), in India, Nepal and Pakistan, between 12 and 22 percent of young girls were first married by the age of 12 years, with 54 percent in India, 76 percent in Nepal and 72 percent in Pakistan being married by age 18.

Question 30

McCabe (1984) found that Sydney teenagers' sex role orientations influenced their dating attitudes. Regardless of biological gender, adolescents with feminine sex roles on Bem's measure desired more affection and less overt sexuality on a date than masculine or androgynous adolescents.

Question 31

Anna Freud (1958) argued that emotional dependency on parents, although healthy during childhood, was likely to prove less so in adolescence.