Deck 43: Animal Behavior

Question 1

Figure 43.6

The above figure of goslings (baby geese)following their mother demonstrates ____.  

A) imprinting behavior
B) operant conditioning
C) systematic desensitization
D) reactionary behavior
E) voluntary behavior

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Imprinting _____.  

A) is governed more by environment than genetics
B) cannot be associated with learning
C) can only occur during a short interval in the life of an animal
D) must occurs over one's entire lifetime
E) is constantly being done and undone

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which gene determines the feeding behavior of fruit fly larvae?  

A) Sitters
B) Rovers
C) Kinesis
D) Foraging
E) AVP gene

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of an ultimate cause of animal behavior?  

A) Variation in hormone receptors governing promiscuity in rodents
B) Competition for food resulting in the larval foraging behaviors of fruit flies
C) Social environment determining the dominant role in male cichlids
D) Phenotypic variation in response to water depth in fish
E) Conditioned response in animals

Question 5

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning differ in that they apply,respectively,to ____ and ____ behavior.  

A) voluntary; involuntary
B) involuntary; voluntary
C) instinctive; learned
D) learned; instinctive
E) active; passive

Question 6

Habituation can best be described as a form of _____.  

A) fixed action
B) learned behavior
C) stereotyping
D) instinctual response
E) observational learning

Question 7

A rat that learns not to approach a certain part of a cage because it has received a shock there exhibiting ____.  

A) operant conditioning
B) shock therapy
C) desensitization
D) mirroring
E) observational learning

Question 8

Figure 43.5A

The above figure of a young cuckoo shoving its foster parents' egg out of the nest best demonstrates _____.  

A) imprinting behavior
B) instinctive behavior
C) classical conditioning
D) learned behavior
E) operant conditioning

Question 9

In mammals,oxytocin is released during _____.  

A) sexual intercourse only
B) lactation only
C) labor only
D) sexual intercourse, lactation, and labor
E) sexual intercourse and labor

Question 10

A European robin detects directional differences in the earth's magnetic field through cryptochromes found in its _____.  

A) forebrain
B) eyes
C) nose
D) ears
E) heart

Question 11

Imprinting is a form of ____.  

A) innate response
B) static pattern
C) instinctive learning behavior
D) unlearned behavior
E) passive behavior

Question 12

Male cichlids switching between dominant and subordinate behavioral phenotype depending on whether a larger dominant male is present is an example of _____.  

A) behavioral plasticity
B) social plasticity
C) conditioning
D) learned behavior
E) mirroring

Question 13

A classic example of classical conditioning is _____.  

A) Pavlov's dog
B) a sparrow singing a song
C) Lorenz and his geese
D) a cuckoo bird being a "brood parasite"
E) watching television

Question 14

What is an example of observational learning?  

A) A baby garter snake captures and eats a slug.
B) A chick's gaping mouth induces a feeding response in a parent bird.
C) A European cuckoo hatchling pushes the host bird's egg out of the nest.
D) A male fruit fly waves his wings at a female fruit fly during courtship.
E) A marmoset monkey mimicking another marmoset in successfully opening a container

Question 15

Epigenetic effects cause _____ behavior without altering _____.  

A) instinctive; oxytocin level
B) instinctive; the genome
C) conditioned; the genome
D) heritable changes in; DNA sequence
E) temporary changes in; RNA sequence

Question 16

Communication signals are usually _____.  

A) intraspecific
B) interspecific
C) not helpful to the receiver
D) visual
E) auditory

Question 17

Which of the following communication signals matches the animal?  

A) Chemical; honeybees
B) Tactile; frogs
C) Auditory; baboons
D) Visual; frogs
E) Chemical; fireflies

Question 18

The European cuckoo's behavior as a "brood parasite" represents what type of behavior?  

A) A response that is not a behavior
B) Instinctive behavior
C) Imprinting behavior
D) Learned behavior
E) A time-dependent form of learning

Question 19

The advantage to a species of using a pheromone for communication rather than calling or gesturing is that it _____.  

A) conveys more information
B) is more easily understood
C) is more energy efficient
D) is more variable
E) conveys immediate information

Question 20

Which of the following implies movement with regard for direction?  

A) Taxis only
B) Kinesis only
C) Migration only
D) Taxis and migration only
E) Taxis, migration, and kinesis

Question 21

A dance that recruits other bees into foraging 90 degrees to the right of the sun is indicated by flying ____.  

A) straight up the comb
B) straight down the comb
C) to the left of vertical
D) to the right of vertical
E) in circles

Question 22

A eusocial animal ______.  

A) lives alone
B) works alone
C) breeds continuously
D) lives within a group with a reproductive division of labor
E) least likely to exhibit altruistic behavior

Question 23

One study has shown that when more lions join a hunting group,_____.  

A) the success rate per lion falls
B) the success rate per lion remains proportional
C) the success rate per lion increases
D) the success rate per kion is the same but there is more food on average
E) more eventually drop out to be in isolation

Question 24

Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a.Studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b.Imprinting in goslings
c.Capacity of an animal to complete complex responses to first-time encounters with key stimuli
d.Problem solving without trial-and-error
e.Behavior is modified by experience
f.Voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g.Communal display ground in birds
h.Occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i.Self-sacrificing behavior; increases another individual's reproductive success at its own expense
Imprinting

Question 25

Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a.Studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b.Imprinting in goslings
c.Capacity of an animal to complete complex responses to first-time encounters with key stimuli
d.Problem solving without trial-and-error
e.Behavior is modified by experience
f.Voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g.Communal display ground in birds
h.Occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i.Self-sacrificing behavior; increases another individual's reproductive success at its own expense
Altruism

Question 26

The fact that genes associated with altruism are favored by natural selection if they lead to the reproductive success of an altruist's closest relatives is called _____.  

A) inclusive fitness
B) survival of the fittest
C) evolution
D) inbreeding
E) selective mating

Question 27

The male sage grouse who is "displaying" is likely _____.  

A) indicating that he is ready to spar with other males
B) claiming part of the territory as his own
C) attracting a mate in a monogamous union
D) attracting mates in a polygamous union
E) indicating that he has won a mate

Question 28

Bees use which type of communication method to transmit location of a food source?  

A) Vocal
B) Odors
C) Visual
D) Tactile
E) Pheromones

Question 29

A(n)____ allows two rival males to assess one another's strengths without engaging in a potentially damaging fight.  

A) conditioned stimuli
B) eusocial response
C) instinctive behavior
D) kinetic movement
E) threat display

Question 30

Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a.Studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b.Imprinting in goslings
c.Capacity of an animal to complete complex responses to first-time encounters with key stimuli
d.Problem solving without trial-and-error
e.Behavior is modified by experience
f.Voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g.Communal display ground in birds
h.Occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i.Self-sacrificing behavior; increases another individual's reproductive success at its own expense
Instinctive behavior

Question 31

Sexual selection occurs when a female chooses a male that _____.  

A) shares all resources
B) is migratory
C) provides a gift of prey
D) can be a chameleon
E) has never had a mate

Question 32

Females of various species shop around for males that _____.  

A) are nomadic
B) are highly selective
C) are silent and strong
D) make showy displays
E) have a large family

Question 33

In terms of parental care,choose the pair below that does not usually occur in nature.  

A) Male seahorses - brood eggs
B) Female fish - guard eggs
C) Male bat - nurse young
D) Male and female birds - tending of young
E) Female kangaroo - nurse young

Question 34

The "confusion effect" occurs ____.  

A) when one animal flees a threat and others in the group do the same
B) when animals group and present a solid front to predators
C) when there is a "selfish herd"
D) in a hierarchal living group
E) in the mimicking of another species to escape predation

Question 35

Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a.Studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b.Imprinting in goslings
c.Capacity of an animal to complete complex responses to first-time encounters with key stimuli
d.Problem solving without trial-and-error
e.Behavior is modified by experience
f.Voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g.Communal display ground in birds
h.Occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i.Self-sacrificing behavior; increases another individual's reproductive success at its own expense
Lek

Question 36

An animal interrupting its daily pattern of activity to travel in a persistent manner toward a new habitat is known as  

A) taxis.
B) kinesis.
C) migration.
D) habituation.
E) imprinting.

Question 37

Vocal signals are used by _____.  

A) wolves
B) mice
C) snakes only
D) lizards only
E) snakes and lizards

Question 38

What is the greatest benefit for carnivores who hunt cooperatively?  

A) Greater diversity
B) Division of labor
C) Defense of territory
D) More reproductive options
E) Efficiency in catching prey

Question 39

What is an innate,nondirectional response to a stimulus (such as increased movement under certain conditions)called?  

A) Taxis
B) Kinesis
C) Migration
D) Habituation
E) Imprinting

Question 40

An example of temporary grouping which arises in the presence of a predator is called ________.  

A) group predation
B) group hunting
C) selfish herd
D) confusion effect
E) social defense

Question 41

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of reception listed below that are used by social animals.
a.Tactile
b.Auditory
c.Visual
d.Chemical
The elaborate posturing displays of male birds-of-paradise utilize this sense in the female.

Question 42

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of social behavior listed below.
a.Altruism
b.Cooperation
c.Selfish herd behavior
d.Subordination
When a clump of sawfly caterpillars rear up,writhe,and regurgitate toxic fluid after being disturbed,this is an example of __________.

Question 43

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of social behavior listed below.
a.Altruism
b.Cooperation
c.Selfish herd behavior
d.Subordination
When two or more female lions attack a wildebeest together,this is an example of __________.

Question 44

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of reception listed below that are used by social animals.
a.Tactile
b.Auditory
c.Visual
d.Chemical
The sex pheromone emitted by a female gypsy moth relies upon this sense in the male.

Question 45

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five kinds of behavior listed below.
a.Imprinting
b.Sexual selection
c.Learned behavior
d.Triggering stimulus
e.Habituation
If the young of precocial (young that are relatively mature and mobile when hatched)birds (e.g.,chickens or ducks)are continually shown a large moving object during the first few days of their lives,they will follow that object.This is an example of __________.

Question 46

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five kinds of behavior listed below.
a.Imprinting
b.Sexual selection
c.Learned behavior
d.Triggering stimulus
e.Habituation
The extreme variation in plumage observed among the males of various species of ducks is thought to be due to __________.

Question 47

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five kinds of behavior listed below.
a.Imprinting
b.Sexual selection
c.Learned behavior
d.Triggering stimulus
e.Habituation
A garter snake avoids dangerous or unpalatable prey.This is an example of __________.

Question 48

Immediate causes of behavior,such as genes and environmental factors,are referred to as _______causes,while the evolutionary factors that shape behavior are ________causes.

Question 49

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of reception listed below that are used by social animals.
a.Tactile
b.Auditory
c.Visual
d.Chemical
The primary signal sent out by receptive female primates is likely to be this.

Question 50

Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a.Studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b.Imprinting in goslings
c.Capacity of an animal to complete complex responses to first-time encounters with key stimuli
d.Problem solving without trial-and-error
e.Behavior is modified by experience
f.Voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g.Communal display ground in birds
h.Occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i.Self-sacrificing behavior; increases another individual's reproductive success at its own expense
Learning

Question 51

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five kinds of behavior listed below.
a.Imprinting
b.Sexual selection
c.Learned behavior
d.Triggering stimulus
e.Habituation
Pigeons and squirrels that live in cities do not flee approaching humans due to this type of learned behavior.

Question 52

Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a.Studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b.Imprinting in goslings
c.Capacity of an animal to complete complex responses to first-time encounters with key stimuli
d.Problem solving without trial-and-error
e.Behavior is modified by experience
f.Voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g.Communal display ground in birds
h.Occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i.Self-sacrificing behavior; increases another individual's reproductive success at its own expense
Lorenz

Question 53

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of social behavior listed below.
a.Altruism
b.Cooperation
c.Selfish herd behavior
d.Subordination
When a woman raises her brother's children,this is an example of __________.

Question 54

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of social behavior listed below.
a.Altruism
b.Cooperation
c.Selfish herd behavior
d.Subordination
When a colony of bluegill sunfishes competes for the safe sites at the center of the group,this is an example of __________.

Question 55

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of reception listed below that are used by social animals.
a.Tactile
b.Auditory
c.Visual
d.Chemical
This sensory modality is used by honeybees during the waggle dance.

Question 56

Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a.Studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b.Imprinting in goslings
c.Capacity of an animal to complete complex responses to first-time encounters with key stimuli
d.Problem solving without trial-and-error
e.Behavior is modified by experience
f.Voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g.Communal display ground in birds
h.Occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i.Self-sacrificing behavior; increases another individual's reproductive success at its own expense
Operant conditioning

Question 57

A ________ animal mating system is generally the most beneficial in terms of natural selection.

Question 58

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of social behavior listed below.
a.Altruism
b.Cooperation
c.Selfish herd behavior
d.Subordination
When the offspring of one brood of Florida scrub-jays help their parents in taking care of their siblings in the next brood,this is an example of __________.

Question 59

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of reception listed below that are used by social animals.
a.Tactile
b.Auditory
c.Visual
d.Chemical
The alarm signal one snail sends to another is most likely to be this.

Question 60

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five kinds of behavior listed below.
a.Imprinting
b.Sexual selection
c.Learned behavior
d.Triggering stimulus
e.Habituation
Instinctive responses are advantageous when the __________ consistently signals the same situation.

Question 61

With __________,an animal learns to associate an involuntary response to one stimulus with another stimulus.

Question 62

__________ are evolved mechanisms that allow animals of the same species to share information.

Question 63

Colonies of ants,termites,and some other insects,as well as naked mole rats,are __________ and thus include sterile workers who care for the reproducing members of the group.

Question 64

Chemical signals such as __________ have roles in social communication.

Question 65

__________ behavior is altered by experience.

Question 66

Four of the following animals form eusocial groups.Which one is the exception?  

A) Termites
B) Mole rats
C) Wolf pack
D) Honey bees
E) Ants

Question 67

With __________,an animal modifies a voluntary behavior in response to the behavior's consequences.

Question 68

With __________,an animal stops responding to an ongoing stimulus.

Question 69

__________ behavior can occur without having been learned by experience.

Question 70

Chemical signals that convey information among members of a species are known as  

A) hormones.
B) pheromones.
C) acoustical signals.
D) threat signals.
E) auditory signal.

Question 71

What determines whether a honeybee becomes a queen or a worker?  

A) Hormonal secretions
B) Location in the hive
C) Pheromones
D) Diet
E) Genetic differences

Question 72

__________ is one form of learning that happens only during a sensitive period early in life.

Question 73

Frog-eating bats locate their prey by ______.  

A) detecting frog pheromones
B) marking frog habitats using secretions
C) light emitted by the frogs' signaling cells
D) imitating the frog's mating call
E) listening for the frog's mating call

Question 74

A behavior that has a genetic basis is subject to evolution by __________.