Deck 7: Clinical: Biochemical, Physical, and Functional Assessment

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT associated with a decrease in prealbumin levels?

A) Malnutrition
B) Inflammation
C) Protein-wasting disease of the gastrointestinal tract
D) Zinc deficiency

Answer 1

A
Explanation: Prealbumin levels may appear normal when a patient has uncomplicated or severe malnutrition. Prealbumin levels decrease in response to inflammation, protein-wasting diseases of the intestines and kidney, and in malignancy. As zinc is necessary in the synthesis of prealbumin, zinc deficiency will result in decreased levels.

Question 2

BMIs of _______ are associated with increased risk of mortality in those 65 and older.

A) less than 23
B) less than 18.5
C) greater than 24.9
D) there is no association between BMI and risk of mortality

Answer 2

A
Explanation: Differences in race, sex, and age must be considered when evaluating the BMI. BMI values tend to increase with age, yet the relationship between BMI and mortality appears to be U-shaped in adults aged 65 and older. The risk of mortality increased in older adults with a BMI of less than 23.

Question 3

Which of the following is a measure of somatic protein status?

A) C-reactive protein
B) Retinol-binding protein
C) Urinary methylmalonic acid
D) Urinary creatinine

Answer 3

D
Explanation: Urinary excretion of creatinine is related to the skeletal muscle or somatic protein; however, as the value can be affected by the intake of muscle meats, use of this measure is more limited to research. C-reactive protein is used as an indicator of inflammation. Retinol-binding protein may be used as an indicator of protein calorie malnutrition. Urinary methylmalonic acid is a sensitive indicator of vitamin B₁₂ deficiency.

Question 4

Which of the following is a measure of glucose control?

A) Highly sensitive C-reactive protein
B) Hemoglobin A1C
C) Homocysteine
D) Apolipoprotein B

Question 5

Apolipoprotein B (apoB)

A) is a subparticle of LDL cholesterol.
B) is a subparticle of HDL cholesterol.
C) should be measured as a risk factor for CVD according to ACC/AHA guidelines.
D) is not an independent marker for CVD risk.

Question 6

Which nutrient-related disorder is likely to result in a stool test being ordered?

A) Diabetes
B) Anemia
C) Night blindness
D) Cheilosis

Question 7

Which indicator of protein status has the longest half-life?

A) Albumin
B) Prealbumin
C) Retinol-binding protein
D) Transferrin

Question 8

Which of the following manifestations will occur in iron deficiency anemia?

A) Microcytic anemia
B) Macrocytic anemia
C) High reticulocyte count
D) High MCV

Question 9

Which of the following is a measure of iron storage?

A) TIBC
B) Serum ferritin
C) Transferrin
D) Hemoglobin

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a laboratory measure of hydration status?

A) Serum sodium
B) Blood urea nitrogen
C) Serum glucose
D) Urine specific gravity

Question 11

During trauma, what happens to negative acute-phase respondent levels?

A) Blood levels decrease because of decreased synthesis.
B) Blood levels increase because of transport into the vascular space.
C) Blood levels are not altered because of the catabolism of proteins.
D) Blood levels are similar to what they would be during simple starvation.

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about bioelectric impedance analysis?

A) It measures lean body tissue.
B) It is noninvasive and portable.
C) It is not accurate in a dehydrated individual.
D) All of the above.

Question 13

Which of the following would be included in a complete blood count?

A) Total cholesterol
B) Mean cell volume
C) Glucose
D) Albumin

Question 14

Laboratory tests for nutrients

A) are not useful if you have only a single test result.
B) are always best done on whole blood.
C) may indicate deficiency before clinical or anthropometric data does.
D) are currently not well controlled.

Question 15

Which of the following is a positive acute-phase respondent?

A) Interleukin-1
B) Albumin
C) Transthyretin
D) C-reactive protein

Question 16

Which of the following occurs during acute illness or trauma?

A) Negative acute-phase respondents increase.
B) Positive acute-phase respondents decrease.
C) Negative acute-phase respondents decrease.
D) Both positive and negative acute-phase respondents increase.

Question 17

In urinalysis tests, which of the following is expected to appear at some level in normal people?

A) Glucose
B) Ketones
C) Blood
D) Protein

Question 18

Which laboratory value would be added in a comprehensive metabolic panel (compared with a BMP)?

A) Albumin
B) Glucose
C) Blood urea nitrogen
D) White blood cells

Question 19

Which of the following deficiencies could cause macrocytic anemia?

A) Vitamin B₁₂
B) Vitamin B₆
C) Homocysteine
D) Iron