Deck 19: Nutrition in the Adult Years

Question 1

Increased dietary intake of what is associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease?

A) Grains, fruits, and vegetables
B) Legumes
C) Vegetable oils
D) Trans fatty acids

Answer 1

A
Explanation: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which were established to promote decreased risk of chronic disease, emphasize the increased intake of grains, fruits, and vegetables. Legumes are considered to be a subcategory of vegetables. Vegetable oils vary in the fatty acid profile; therefore, consideration should be given to this before selecting ones to use. Trans fatty acids are harmful in regard to the development of cardiovascular disease and should be avoided.

Question 2

The role of nutrition and dietetic professionals in the adult years involves

A) addressing the role of nutrition in the leading causes of death and debility.
B) incorporating basic education on food access, selection, and preparation.
C) setting mutually acceptable, achievable goals for optimal performance and health.
D) all of the above.

Answer 2

D
Explanation: The adult years offer opportunities for prevention as well as intervention. It is critical for the dietetic professional to consider how to assess clients and group needs and be able to address the total picture of optimal health.

Question 3

Which is an appropriate nutritional guideline for the adult years?

A) Focus primarily on lipid intake.
B) Follow a nutrient-dense, phytochemical-rich food plan.
C) Follow a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.
D) Follow a vegan diet.

Answer 3

B
Explanation: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans focus on eating nutrient-dense foods, but there is the added benefit that the identified foods tend to also be phytochemical rich. Focusing on lipid intake limits awareness of the variety of benefits that arise from the intake of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Dietary recommendations for adolescents focus on the promotion of adequate growth and development during adolescence, and in many cases, they exceed the needs of the average adult. A carefully chosen vegan diet supplemented with specific nutrients can be healthy, but vegan diets (and other very restrictive diets) are generally considered a risk factor for inadequate nutrition.

Question 4

Endogenous toxins include

A) pollutants in water.
B) drugs.
C) end products of metabolism of hormones.
D) curcuminoids.

Question 5

Which phytochemicals are thought to promote the detoxification systems of the body?

A) Isothiocyanates
B) Carotenoids
C) Phytic acid
D) Phenols

Question 6

Which of the following are biologically active, naturally occurring substances in plants that act as natural defense systems and show potential for reducing the risk for cancer and cardiovascular disease?

A) Prebiotics
B) Phytochemicals
C) Butyrates
D) Xenobiotics

Question 7

Who may benefit the most from the light to moderate intake of alcohol in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease?

A) Men in their late 30s
B) Women in their 20s
C) Women in their late 40s
D) Men in their late 40s

Question 8

The leading cause of death and debilitation among adults in the United States is

A) accidents.
B) cancer.
C) diabetes.
D) heart disease.

Question 9

Which of the following is a comorbid diagnosis associated with obesity?

A) Osteoporosis
B) Premenstrual syndrome
C) Type 2 diabetes mellitus
D) Chronic lung disease

Question 10

Which group is at risk of not eating the RDI of nutrients and may benefit by the use of multivitamin supplements?

A) Athletes
B) Premenopausal women
C) Those with food allergies
D) Men older than age 50 years

Question 11

Endogenous toxins are

A) the same as xenobiotics.
B) from environmental pollutants.
C) end products of metabolism.
D) prebiotics.

Question 12

Which of the following nutrients should men avoid taking as supplements during their adult years?

A) Iron
B) Anthocyanin
C) Lycopene
D) Vitamin D

Question 13

Which of the following is an effect of the decreased circulation of estrogen associated with menopause?

A) Increase in bone remodeling
B) Increase in HDL levels
C) Increase in LDL levels
D) Increase in energy levels

Question 14

When do perimenopause and menopause begin in women?

A) Early 30s
B) Late 40s
C) Elder years
D) Mid 30s

Question 15

A trend in adults in the United States is that they

A) are spending more money on food away from home.
B) are eating more family meals at home.
C) generally meet the dietary recommendations for promoting health.
D) use the MyPyramid tool to plan their diets.

Question 16

How is soy beneficial in promoting cardiovascular health?

A) By reducing saturated fat intake
B) By replacing animal protein in the diet
C) By stimulating HDL production
D) By promoting vasodilation and decrease in blood pressure

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the defining characteristics of metabolic syndrome?

A) Abdominal obesity
B) Hypertension
C) Elevated blood lipids
D) Physical inactivity

Question 18

Which of the following is the term used to describe microbial foods or supplements that can be used to change or reestablish the intestinal flora and improve the health of the host?

A) Probiotics
B) Phytoestrogens
C) Stanols
D) Lignans