Deck 30: Urinary System and Pathologies

Question 1

Which structure is an expandable sac that stores urine?

A) Ureter
B) Urethra
C) Kidney
D) Bladder

Answer 1

D
Explanation: The urinary bladder is an expandable sac that temporarily stores urine.

Question 2

What are the two main components of the renal corpuscle?

A) Cortex and medulla
B) Pyramids and columns
C) Bowman capsule and glomerulus
D) Seminal vesicles and epididymis

Answer 2

C
Explanation: Each nephron has a vascular component, called the renal corpuscle which is made up of a glomerulus and a Bowman capsule.

Question 3

Which term refers to the folds in the lining of the urinary bladder that permit expansion?

A) Villi
B) Calyx
C) Rugae
D) Cortex

Answer 3

C
Explanation: The interior lining of the bladder contains transitional epithelium and folds called rugae, both which help the bladder expand as it fills with urine. (Rugae are typical of expanding structures such as the stomach, gallbladder, and vagina.)

Question 4

Which substance is secreted by juxtaglomerular cells when blood pressure drops in the afferent arteriole?

A) Renin
B) Growth hormone
C) Aldosterone
D) Antidiuretic hormone

Question 5

What is the network of blood vessels surrounding the renal tubules called?

A) Glomerulus
B) Renal capillaries
C) Venus portal system
D) Peritubular capillaries

Question 6

Which term means study of kidney function?

A) Neurology
B) Enterology
C) Nephrology
D) Urology

Question 7

Which stage involves the movement of molecules from the peritubular blood into the renal tubule?

A) Filtration
B) Diffusion
C) Tubular secretion
D) Tubular reabsorption

Question 8

Which process occurs during the first step of filtering blood and manufacturing urine?

A) Blood enters the glomerulus
B) Urine leaves the body through the urethra
C) Substances are reabsorbed back into the blood
D) Substances are secreted that increase blood pressure

Question 9

What is the purpose of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A) Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
B) Monitor blood pressure
C) Filter wastes out of urine
D) Reabsorb substances from filtrate back into the blood

Question 10

During tubular reabsorption, approximately what percentage of molecules that were initially filtered are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream?

A) 10%
B) 40%
C) 75%
D) 99%

Question 11

Which function does the urinary system perform?

A) Exchange of gases
B) Movement of the body
C) Regulation of the digestive process
D) Regulation of blood volume

Question 12

What are the clusters of capillaries within the renal corpuscles called?

A) Pyramid
B) Trigone
C) Microvilli
D) Glomeruli

Question 13

Which structure is a narrow tube located below the bladder that conducts urine out of the body?

A) Ureter
B) Urethra
C) Gallbladder
D) Urinary bladder

Question 14

Which structures are the two main regions of the nephron?

A) Renal artery and renal vein
B) Renal cortex and renal medulla
C) Renal corpuscle and renal tubule
D) Renal viscera and renal periphery

Question 15

Which structure is a slender, hollow tube that extends from the renal pelvis of the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

A) Ureter
B) Urethra
C) Prostate gland
D) Bulbourethral gland

Question 16

What is the filtering unit of the kidneys called?

A) Pelvis
B) Hilum
C) Bladder
D) Nephron

Question 17

Which term refers to the indentation located on the medial side of the kidney?

A) Pelvis
B) Hilus
C) Bladder
D) Nephron

Question 18

What is the outer region of the kidney called?

A) Cortex
B) Dermal
C) Parietal
D) Medulla

Question 19

If one kidney is removed, the other kidney increases its filtering capacity to what percentage of that of two normal kidneys?

A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 80%
D) 100%

Question 20

Which structure is the principal organ of the urinary system?

A) Lung
B) Bladder
C) Kidney
D) Prostate

Question 21

Which substance stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water?

A) Renin
B) Calcitriol
C) Erythropoietin
D) Antidiuretic hormone

Question 22

Which condition is characterized by small, hard masses?

A) Kidney stones
B) Kidney failure
C) Pyelonephritis
D) Cystitis

Question 23

Which condition is a bladder infection?

A) Cystitis
B) Hepatitis
C) Pharyngitis
D) Bronchitis

Question 24

Which condition means the kidneys are unable to adequately perform their physiologic functions?

A) Pyelonephritis
B) Renal failure
C) Cystitis
D) Urinary incontinence

Question 25

Which condition is loss of bladder control?

A) Cystitis
B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary retention
D) Urinary incontinence

Question 26

Which substance stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water, and excrete potassium?

A) Renin
B) Aldosterone
C) Erythropoeitin
D) Antidiuretic hormone

Question 27

What are the two main types of urinary incontinence?

A) Stress and urge
B) Acute and chronic
C) Complex and tertiary
D) Primary and secondary

Question 28

Which condition is an infection of the upper urinary tract and involves the ureters and kidneys?

A) Pyelonephritis
B) Cystitis
C) Micturition
D) Incontinence

Question 29

Which term refers to an abnormal accumulation of body fluids in various compartments?

A) Cystitis
B) Dehydration
C) Edema
D) Incontinence

Question 30

Which term means urination?

A) Voiding
B) Ingestion
C) Deglutition
D) Incontinence