Deck 28: Respiratory System and Pathologies

Question 1

Which cranial nerve is involved with smell?

A) Facial
B) Phrenic
C) Olfactory
D) Trigeminal

Answer 1

C
Explanation: Scent molecules enter the nose as we inhale. These molecules are forced against the olfactory nerve endings that lie in the superior nasal cavity. Impulses travel from the olfactory nerves to the olfactory bulb and then to the cerebral cortex, which interprets olfactory stimuli.

Question 2

Which structure is the windpipe?

A) Larynx
B) Trachea
C) Pharynx
D) Epiglottis

Answer 2

B
Explanation: The trachea or windpipe is located anterior to the esophagus and connects the larynx with the bronchi.

Question 3

Which statement describes the lungs?

A) The cardiac notch is in the right lung
B) Serous fluid reduces friction as the lungs move
C) Peritoneal cavity surrounds each lung
D) Left lung has two lobes, and the right has three

Answer 3

B
Explanation: The visceral pleura is attached to the lungs and the parietal pleura is attached to the mediastinum and internal chest wall. Between these two membranes is lubricating serous fluid which reduces friction between these layers as the lungs move during breathing.

Question 4

What do the openings in the tracheal rings allow the esophagus to do?

A) Compress the trachea during vomiting
B) Expand anteriorly into the trachea as food is swallowed
C) Conduct food and air, along with the trachea, to the lungs
D) Close over the trachea, keeping food from entering the lungs

Question 5

Which function do the sinuses perform?

A) Trigger exhalation
B) Improve gas exchange
C) Purify the incoming air
D) Resonating chamber for sound

Question 6

Which region contains conchae?

A) Larynx
B) Trachea
C) Pharynx
D) Nasal cavity

Question 7

Which functions does the respiratory system perform?

A) Digestion, adsorption, and elimination of ingested substances
B) Heat production, maintenance of posture, and production of movement
C) Gas exchange, olfaction, sound production, and maintenance of homeostasis
D) Regulation of the reproductive process and helping the body adapt during stress

Question 8

What are the primary gas exchange structures of the respiratory tract?

A) Alveoli
B) Sinuses
C) Bronchi
D) Lobes

Question 9

Where are the glottis and vocal cords located?

A) Larynx
B) Trachea
C) Bronchial tree
D) Nasal cavity

Question 10

Which bone has a sinus?

A) Maxilla
B) Temporal
C) Zygomatic
D) Mandibula

Question 11

Which structure is referred to as the "guardian of the airways?"

A) Larynx
B) Trachea
C) Pharynx
D) Epiglottis

Question 12

Which structure is formed by the alveolar membrane, basement membrane, and capillary wall form?

A) Nasal concha
B) Vocal cord
C) Respiratory membrane
D) Bronchial tree

Question 13

Which structures are the passageways leading from the trachea to each lung?

A) Bronchi
B) Alveoli
C) Sinuses
D) Meatuses

Question 14

Which region is referred to as the air-conditioning chambers?

A) Sinuses
B) Trachea
C) Bronchia tree
D) Nasal cavity

Question 15

Which substance assists in gas exchange by stabilizing the alveolus and reducing surface tension?

A) Mucus
B) Surfactants
C) Serous fluid
D) Interstitial fluid

Question 16

Which statement describes the lungs?

A) Viral infections are more frequent in the left lung
B) Foreign bodies more frequently lodge in the left lung
C) Gas exchange occurs more efficiently in the right lung
D) Foreign objects more frequently lodge in the right lung

Question 17

Which structures are the primary organs of respiration?

A) Lungs
B) Alveoli
C) Sinuses
D) Bronchi

Question 18

Which term is synonymous with throat?

A) Larynx
B) Bronchial tree
C) Pharynx
D) Nasal cavity

Question 19

What is the main muscle of respiration?

A) Anterior scalene
B) Diaphragm
C) Rectus abdominis
D) Sternocleidomastoid

Question 20

Which term means breathing?

A) Biorhythm
B) Carbon cycle
C) Interval cycle
D) Respiratory cycle

Question 21

Which condition is acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract mucosa, usually confined to the nose and throat?

A) Asthma
B) Sinusitis
C) Hay fever
D) Common cold

Question 22

Which process is gas exchange between blood in the capillaries and body cells within tissues?

A) Internal respiration
B) Cellular respiration
C) External respiration
D) Pulmonary respiration

Question 23

Which condition is inflammation of the mucosa of air passageways with resultant swelling and mucus hypersecretion?

A) Sinusitis
B) Bronchitis
C) Pneumonia
D) Emphysema

Question 24

Which condition is characterized by inflammation of mucosa that line spaces in skull bones?

A) Asthma
B) Sinusitis
C) Influenza
D) Bronchitis

Question 25

Which process involves the tendency of the thorax and lungs to return to their pre-inhalation size?

A) Olfaction
B) Breathing
C) Compliance
D) Elastic recoil

Question 26

Which condition is an infection of the lungs?

A) Asthma
B) Laryngitis
C) Pneumonia
D) Emphysema

Question 27

Which condition is highly contagious?

A) Asthma
B) Sinusitis
C) Hay fever
D) Common cold

Question 28

Which condition is the most common infectious cause of death in the United States?

A) Asthma
B) Bronchitis
C) Pneumonia
D) Emphysema

Question 29

Which factor determines how long a breath can be held?

A) Amount of nitrogen in the blood
B) Amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
C) Increased nerve impulses to the diaphragm
D) Increased compliance of tissue in the lungs

Question 30

Which term means the process of taking air into the lungs?

A) Inhalation
B) Exhalation
C) Redolence
D) Recruitment

Question 31

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm to initiate inhalation?

A) Facial
B) Phrenic
C) Olfactory
D) Trigeminal

Question 32

What is the average number of breaths per minute for a resting adult?

A) 5-7
B) 9-11
C) 12-16
D) 17-20

Question 33

Which general term describes any hypersensitivity of the nasal mucosa to allergens, usually plant pollen?

A) Asthma
B) Hay fever
C) Bronchitis
D) Common cold

Question 34

Which term means the ease with which the thorax and lungs stretch during inhalation?

A) Olfaction
B) Breathing
C) Compliance
D) Elastic recoil

Question 35

Which process is gas exchange between the air in the alveoli and the blood in capillaries?

A) Tissue respiration
B) Internal respiration
C) Cellular respiration
D) External respiration

Question 36

Which condition involves permanent enlargement of lower airways accompanied by destruction of alveolar walls?

A) Asthma
B) Sinusitis
C) Laryngitis
D) Emphysema

Question 37

Which statement describes hiccups?

A) A very deep inhalation initiated by opening the mouth wide
B) Sudden expulsion of air to clear lower respiratory tracts
C) Forceful involuntary expulsion of air through the nose and mouth to clear the upper respiratory tracts
D) Spasmodic closure of the vocal cords after forceful contraction of the respiratory muscles

Question 38

Which term means the process of expelling air from the lungs?

A) Inhalation
B) Exhalation
C) Redolence
D) Recruitment

Question 39

Which condition an acute, highly contagious viral infection of the upper respiratory tract?

A) Asthma
B) Sinusitis
C) Influenza
D) Emphysema

Question 40

Which condition involves bronchospasms that cause breathing difficulties in susceptible people?

A) Asthma
B) Sinusitis
C) Laryngitis
D) Emphysema